中考英语定语从句考点.docx

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1、海至语fKK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO(whose定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.他的爸爸是医生的 男孩学习非常刻苦。The classroom whose window is open is mine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教 室。when状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北 京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈 工作的学校。why

2、状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法（关系代词作宾语时可省略）：1. that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。This is the pen that you are looking for.这是你要找的那支钢笔。（宾语）The girl that has long hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主 语）2. which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The bike which is made in Tianjin sells w

3、ell.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主 语）The fish which we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。（宾语）3. who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的男孩叫 Tom.（主语）The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父 亲。（宾语）4. whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩

4、叫 Ann0（指人）He lives in a house whose widows open to the south他住在窗户朝南的那所房 子。（指物）三、只用which不用that的情况：1 .在介词后只用which,不能用thatoThis is the bank uwhich the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。2 .先行词本身是that时，只能用which,不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。四、只用that不用which的情况：1 .先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that

5、oThis is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽 的山。2 .先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The Tiest English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第本英文 小说是39级台阶。3 .先行词前有 all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时只能用thatoHere are all the books that I have. 这就是我所有的书。This i

6、s the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。4 . 先行词是 everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了 他所偷的东西。5 .先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用thatoI can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the roo

7、m.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。6 .先行词是the one时，只能用that。This is the one that you want. 这就是你想要的。7 .在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing there站在那边的那个女孩是谁？五、在介词后只能用whom,不能用who。The girl to whom I talked just now is from America.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女 孩是来自美国的。六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与

8、先行词的人称和数保 持一致（我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系）。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom 是众多来自美国的男孩中的 一个。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom 是惟一从美国来的男孩。七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时.，要 加介词或副词。（定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语 后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。）He is the old man wh

9、o/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那 个老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。八、关系副词when与where的使用:1. when指时间：I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我各永远不会忘i己我 们在农场劳动的那段时光。2. where 指地点（where=in 等介词+which）：This is the house where（=in which） he lived last year.这是他去年住

10、的房子。九、定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词 短语的转换：She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的 工作。The man in the car is Mr. Green. =The man who is in the car is Mr. Green, ft 车上的人是格林先生。The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister,

11、在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。The boy saved in the river has come back to life. = The boy who wos saved in the river has come back to life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、 There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip. （河 北省卷）A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose2、Jim dislikes people talk much but never do anything. （

12、吉林省通化市）A. whomB. whenC. whoseD. who3、一I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday.（江苏省南京市）-Oh, how nice!Do you know when heA. leftB.was leavingC. has leftD.had left4、 We are trying to help those childrenlost their parents in Yushu ,Qinghai Province.（浙江省衢州市）A. whichB. whenC. whoD.whose5、 Do you k

13、now the girlis singing in the classroom （湖南长沙）A. whoB. whichC. when6、The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. （江苏省扬州市）一一Yes. They are helping the peopleare suffering from the earthquake.A. whichB. whatC./D. who7、 Have you found the answer to the questionasked you thismorning （四川省成都市）A. whenB.

14、whatC. that8、 Friends are thosemake you smile, always opentheir hearts to youand encourage you to succeed. （河南省）A whichB whatC whomD who9、 I began to work in Shanghai in the yearHongKong was returned toChina.（湖北省十堰市）A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when10 This is the schoolI studied three years ago.（山东省荷泽市

15、）A. where B. when C. thatD. whichA. thatB. whoC. when13 This is my beautifulschoolisnear the famous library.（黑龙江省哈尔滨市）11、 一What do you usually do in your leisure time 一I enjoy reading in the library I lose myself in a world of good books.A. whichB. thatC. where12 The village I visited last year has

16、changed a lot. （福 建省福州市）一一Reallyl hope to go there on day.（广西省桂林市）A. whereB.whichC. whoD. when14、 The old womanis wearing a pairof glassesMrs. Black.（黑龙江省鸡西市）A. which, areB. who, areC. who, is15 Do you like musicmakes you relaxed（广西省定西市）A. itB. whatC. whoD. that【语法过关】1. 一一Do you like the pop singer-

17、No, I prefer the singer can sing folk music.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. how2. The man is wearing a blue jacket is Jims uncle.A.whoB. whomC. which3.A.D. /Do you know the young ladyyour mother is talkingwhoB. whomC. with whomD. which4.Does the teacher know everybodyplantedthe treesYes, he does.A. whichB.

18、 whoseC. whereD.who5.The letterI received from him yesterday isvery important.A.whoB. whereC. whatD. that6.Where is the scientistgave us the talkyesterdayHe has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD.which7. I hate people talk much but do little.A. whoseB. whomC. whichD.who8. r m loo

19、king at the photograph you sent me with your letter.A. whoB. whom C. which D. it9. I hate people don t help others when they are in trouble.A. whoB. whichC. they10. Barbara, where do you work-1 work for a company sells cars.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who11. Do you know the young lady your mother is t

20、alkingA. whoB. whomC. with whomD. which12. The letter I received from him yesterday is very important.A. whoB. whereC. whatD. that【参考答案】1. B解析考查学生对定语从句中引导词的掌握。定语从句中先行词是人时用who引 导。2. A.解析考查学生对定语从句。先行词是人且引导词在从句中作主语，故用 who引导。3. C.解析本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。先行词为the young lady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with的宾语，介

21、词with可以 放在关系代词之前，故应选C。4. D.解析本题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系 代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。5. D.解析本题考查定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。6. B.解析本题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系 代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。7. D.解析本题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代 词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。8. C.解析本题考查定语从句的用法。句中的先行词是the photogr

22、aph,同时在 定语从句中作宾语，故关系代词应用which。其答案为：Co9. A.解析本题考查定语从句的用法。句中的先行词是people,同时在定语从句 中作主语，故关系代词应用whoo其答案为：Ao10. A.解析作定语从句的引导词，which可修饰物，who指代人，that指人或物。定语从句修饰company,选用whichoHo答案C解析：先行词为the young lady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作 talk with的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，故应选C。12.答案D解析：因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。定语从句请看下面的句子

23、：I want to know the boy who is the tallest.句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念：定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（二）定语从句的分类I、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.II、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思 的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr. Green, who is wat

24、ching TV, is my uncle.（三）（限定性）定语从句的结构Mary i s a g.rl先行词wh。 has long hair.定语从句词关系代词关系副词which, who, whom,whose, thatwhere, when, why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Mary is a gi合并为一个句子She has long hair.思路:（保留先行词）舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）-替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.请把下列句子二句合一1. I saw the

25、 man. He closed the door2. The girl is happy. She won the race3.The man called the police（五）定语从句关系词的确定：a.先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1 .先行词做主语一2 .先行词做宾语3 .先行词做定语4 .先行词做状语：when, where,. His wallet was stolen人：who/that物：which/that人：who/whom/that物：which/that人：whose物： whose/of which whywho, whom, whose, that 用法

26、区别.who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker做题思路：先分解一一分析一一再合并分解The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.作主语Whom /that作定语从句的宾语The woman is a teacher.The woman ( whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.They wanted visit the woman.作宾语注意：关系代词作动词宾语时可省

27、略.whose作定语从句的定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.I know the girl.The girl s mother is a teacher.作定语小结：关系词判断步骤首先,要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人，关系词可能就用who, that whom,whoseo如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人who, thatwho (m), thatwhose物which, thatwhich, thatwhose, of which巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空

28、1. I have a friend likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress I gave her.3. The man leg broke in a match used to be a football player.(六)只能用that,不能用which的情况：(1)先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, something, nothing , few, little, much, the one 等不定代词时；(2)先行词被

29、形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：(3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。(4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1. Here is something that I will tell you.2. We haven? t got much that we can offer you.3. Is

30、it the one that you want4. This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.6. Which is the bike that you lost7. Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting(七)只能使用which的情况1 .关系代词前有介词时；2 .先行词本身是that时；3 .非限定定语从句口诀:要有which别着急

31、，介词提前逗隔离。e. g: 1, This is the classroom in which we studied for two year.2.She has two dolls, which are from her parents【定语从句命题趋势与预测】根据对定语从句部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点 之一。其考查重点为：1 .定语从句的功用和结构2 .关系代词和关系副词的功用3 .各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法【考点诠释】一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句1 .通常只能用that的情况1） 当先行词是不定代词 all, few, little

32、, much, something, anything, nothing, everything 等时。2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some,the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。【考彳列】 WiIhoul friendship, one can I be happy alLhough he is rich enough.As for me, I will never forget the days I spent with

33、 my dearest friend.哈尔滨市A. thatB. whenC. who答案A。解析在定语从句中，引导词who （指人）which （指物）that （指人或物）。由 先行词the days作spent的宾语可判定用that引导。2 .通常只用which的情况引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改 用which引导。【考例】Many young people love the songs have great

34、lyrics.成者B 市A. whoB. thoseC. which答案C。解析考查定语从句。定语从句的引导词有which, who, where, that, 故排除B, who指人，又排除了 A,先行词是物，故选C。二、考查以who, whom与whose引导的定语从句（1）如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, nobody, one, ones, those, all （指人）等作先行词，作主语用 who,作宾语用whom。who而不用whicho在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who

35、,作宾语用whom, whoo（3）在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of +which/ whom；非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of +which / whom”结构。【考例The mangave us a talk on science yesterday is a famousscientist.广东省A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom答案A。解析本题考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为the man,指人，排除 which；连接代词在从句中作主语，排除whose和whom。故本题选who。一Do you know the

36、man is running along the street-Yes. He is our English teacher.长沙市A. whoB. whichC. whom答案A。解析考查定语从句。限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系who, 有时用that （作主语时用who较多）。三、考查关系副词where when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”,其中 where=in / at +which； when=at / in / during+which； why=for +whicho关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词 必须是

37、表示地点的名词。（2）关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词 必须是表示时间的名词。关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必 须是表示原因的名词。【考例】（2009 绵阳中考）Disney is an amusement park you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.A. which B. where C. that D . when答案：B点拨：此题考查定语从句。先行词为an amusement park指地点，故关系

38、词 用 whereo五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以 提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom，且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。【考例】Do you know the young lady your mother is talking (湖北黄石)A. whoB. whomC. with whomD. which答案:c命题立意:本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。试

39、题解析:先行词为the young lady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，故应选C。【语法回顾】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫 做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(when, where),关系代词和关系副词放在先 行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、 副词作用先行 词例句that, who, whom （只做 宾语）主语、语、表人Do you know the girl who / that is standing under a tree你知道站在树下 的女孩是谁吗that, which主语、 宾 语、表 语物、 时 间、 地 点、 原 因She got a computer which / that her parents bought for her.她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。