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1、Discovery in the Americas?A Reading AZ Level W Leveled BookWord Count:1,609Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-Discovery in the Americas?Written by David MeissnerLEVELED BOOK WWritten by David MeissnerDiscovery in the Americas?www.readinga-24NotesDiscovery in the Am
2、ericas?Level W Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David MeissnerMaps by Fred VolkeIllustrated by Maria VorisAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-DIG-pga-02388;back cover,pages 8,13,15,16,19:ArtToday;title page:Christopher Columbus(mosa
3、ic),Salviati,Antonio(1816-90)/Palazzo Tursi,Genoa,Italy/Peter Newark American Pictures/The Bridgeman Art Library;page 4:GL Archive/Alamy;page 7:Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 10:Carver Mostardi/Alamy;page 12:George H.H.Huey/Alamy Stock Photo;page 18:Wayne Green/C
4、orbisFront cover:A European painting of Columbuss arrival in the AmericasBack cover:Anasazi ruins at Cliff Palace,ColoradoCorrelationLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA23Notes3Table of ContentsChapter 1:Christopher Columbus .4Chapter 2:The Maya .8Chapter 3:The Anasazi .11Chapter 4:The Inc
5、a.14Chapter 5:Point of View .17Explore More .20Glossary .22Note:There are four maps in this book.They use names like“North America”and“Colorado”even though those places didnt have those names when the events in this book occurred.The modern names are used so that you can use modern maps to see where
6、 things were a long time ago.Discovery in the Americas?Level W22Glossaryarchaeologists people who study things from long ago by looking at the items left behind(p.12)architecture the design and construction of buildings (p.8)civilizations the culture and way of life of particular places(p.7)flourish
7、ing doing very well;at its peak(p.17)intact put together;not broken or changed (p.12)kivas underground rooms used by the Anasazi for ceremonies(p.13)murals large paintings painted on walls(p.8)native belonging to a country or location by birth(p.18)Native people who were living in the Americas Ameri
8、cans before Christopher Columbus arrived (p.18)perspective a point of view or way of looking at something(p.19)petroglyphs an old rock carving(p.12)quinoa a starchy,nutritious plant found in the Andean mountains(p.15)ruins the remains of an old building(p.10)suspension bridges held up by cables or r
9、opes,suchbridges as the Golden Gate Bridge(p.14)terraces hillsides that are carved into large stairstep shapes to make flat ground for farming (p.15)4 CHAPTER 1:Christopher ColumbusIn 1492,Columbus sailed the ocean blue.This is a famous rhyme about a famous voyage.On August 3,1492,Christopher Columb
10、us set sail from Europe with a group of three ships.He was looking for a shortcut to a group of islands in Southeast Asia called the Indies.Thats why he tried to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean.Columbus didnt realize that large continents would block his way.He and his crew spotted land on Octob
11、er 12.They thought it was the Indies.Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer.Do You Know?Have you ever wondered where the word“America”comes from?America is actually named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.He explored the American mainland in 1497.Then a German mapmaker labeled the la
12、nd“America.”Ever since then,the name has stuck.213 Try To Decipher Maya Math!The Maya used a different counting system than we do.Instead of numerals like “1,2,3,”they used dots and bars.One dot equaled“1”and one bar equaled“5.”See if you can guess what these numbers are:A)B)C)D)E)F)Answer KeyA)2 B)
13、4 C)5 D)7 E)10 F)14Key:Discovery in the Americas?Level W5But instead,it was a place that Europeans had never seen before.These continents became known as the Americas.Every year in October,the United States celebrates the feats of Christopher Columbus.Many people say that Columbus discovered the Ame
14、ricas.But other people disagree.They say that he wasnt the first to discover this land.So did Columbus really“discover”the Americas?Discovery is when something is found or seen for the first time.But was Columbus really the first person to walk on the American continents?Had anyone come before him?T
15、he VikingsSome people say that Columbus wasnt even the first European to arrive in America.The Vikings,sailors and warriors from northern Europe,may have explored the northern part of the Americas years before Columbus set sail.The Vikings discovered many northern lands,including Iceland and Greenla
16、nd.A possible Viking landing site has been discovered in Canada.It is nearly 1,000 years old.Discovery in the Americas?Level W20Explore MoreTheres a lot more to learn about Native Americans.You can read about the Maya,Anasazi,and Inca.1 At the LibraryTell your librarian youre interested in learning
17、more about these Native Americans.Ask where you can find books about them.2 On the WebA.In the address window,type:.B.Then type:Native Americans or the name of a particular group,such as Maya.Click on“Google Search.”C.Read the colored links.Click on one that looks interesting.D.When you want to expl
18、ore other links,click the back arrow on the top left.E.Or try some different searches:Anasazi,Inca,or Christopher Columbus.6On Columbuss first trip across the Atlantic,he visited the Caribbean Islands.AfricaIndiesIndian OceanEuropeCaribbean SeaAtlantic OceanNorth AmericaPacific OceanSouth America19S
19、o why do people still say that Columbus discovered the Americas?Well,the answer to this question probably depends on perspective.Perspective is the point of view from which you see something.From the perspective of the Europeans,Columbus had found new land.So for them,it was a discovery.But from the
20、 perspective of the Native Americans,Columbus hadnt discovered their land.These people had already been eating,sleeping,and farming there for many years.So depending on the perspective,both sides could be right.Maybe we could better say that Columbus explored the Americas.Thats probably more accurat
21、e than saying he discovered them.Quechua porters serve as guides on the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu.Discovery in the Americas?Level W7Columbus was not the first person to set foot in the Americas.People had been living there for thousands of years.These people had already made pottery,built pyramids,
22、and studied astronomy.Many different civilizations were already there.In this book,you will learn about three groups of peoplethe Maya,the Anasazi,and the Inca.The Maya built cities in the rainforest.The Anasazi built houses in the sides of cliffs.And the Inca had cities high up in the mountains.You
23、 will read about how and where they lived in the Americas.You will also figure out when they lived.This will help us answer our question:Did Columbus actually discover the Americas?Early European drawing of Columbuss voyage showing the three ships,the King of Spain,and the AmericasDiscovery in the A
24、mericas?Level W18It is clear that many people lived in the Americas before 1492.Columbus himself even wrote about the local people he met.When Columbus first arrived,he thought he had landed in the Indies.Thats why he mistakenly called the local people“Indians.”For many years,the people from the Ame
25、ricas have been called Indians.But now more people call them Native Americans.This is because they are native to the Americas.Their families have lived here for many years.If you want to learn more about Native Americans,you can study their ruins.You already know that Chichn Itz is in Mexico,Cliff P
26、alace is in Colorado,and Machu Picchu is in Peru.These ruins are proof of the people who lived in the Americas before Columbus.If you are lucky enough to visit the ruins,you may meet Native American people in those areas.It was their ancestors who built these cities long ago.These ancient petroglyph
27、s are from Anasazi land in Utah.8CHAPTER 2:The MayaThousands of years ago,the Maya(MAH-yuh)built giant stone pyramids in southern Mexico and the Central American rainforest.Some pyramids were as tall as ten-story buildings,with steps going all the way up.Priests walked up the steep steps with offeri
28、ngs for the gods.At the top were temples for religious ceremonies.The Maya knew a lot about architecture,astronomy,art,math,and writing.They studied the stars and made calendars.They carved big sculptures and painted bright murals.Their math system used dots and bars instead of numerals.Their writin
29、g used pictures and symbols instead of words and letters.The Maya wrote on stone surfaces and in books made out of fig tree paper.A few of these books still exist today.A Mayan pyramid with stairs leading up to the temple at the top17CHAPTER 5:Point of ViewNow you have learned about different people
30、 from the Americas.You know about the Maya,the Anasazi,and the Inca.So lets go back to our original question.Did Columbus really discover the Americas?Lets look at the timeline below.On the right,you can see that Columbus arrived in 1492.More than fifty years before that,the Inca empire was already
31、flourishing.In 1200,the Anasazi lived at Cliff Palace.And long before all of that,the Maya were building giant pyramids.This timeline shows that people lived in the Americas long before Columbus arrived.Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas(1492)400TIMELINE FOR THE AMERICASInca empire stretch
32、ed far to the north and south(1438)Anasazi lived at Cliff PalaceMaya began to build giant pyramids600 B.C.E.2000200 C.E.4006008001000 1200 1400 1600Discovery in the Americas?Level W9The Maya were farmers who grew crops such as corn,beans,and chili peppers.They liked to eat flat corn cakes,which are
33、now called tortillas(tor-TEE-ahs).The Maya raised turkeys and hunted animals,such as deer.They traded jaguar skins,jade,and brightly colored bird feathers.At religious festivals,the Maya danced and had feasts.Most Mayan cities had large ball courts.These courts had walls with stone rings high above
34、the ground.They used these courts to play a sacred game in which players hit a rubber ball through the ring.But they werent allowed to use their hands.They had to hit the ball with their hips,shoulders,and thighs.The Maya lived in present-day Mexico and Central America.Today,over four million Mayan
35、people still live there.MexicoHondurasNicaraguaCaribbean SeaPacific OceanGulf of MexicoBelizeGuatemalaChichen ItzTikalEl SalvadorDiscovery in the Americas?Level W16Remaining Ruin:Machu PicchuMachu Picchu(MA-choo PEE-choo)is one of the most impressive ruins in the Americas.It is an ancient Inca city
36、built out of stone.It is perched high on a green mountaintop in Peru.Machu Picchu is so isolated that the outside world didnt know about it until 1911.Machu Picchu may have been a home for a royal family.The“Inca Trail”is a famous stone path that still leads to Machu Picchu.Today,tourists from all o
37、ver the world travel to Peru to hike the Inca Trail.They follow a four-day route over high mountain passes.They also walk by other Inca ruins.At the end,hikers arrive at a stunning view of Machu Picchu.Machu Picchu is famous for its beauty and location.10Remaining Ruin:Chichn ItzFor hundreds of year
38、s Chichn Itz (chee-CHEHN eet-SAH)was the most powerful Mayan city.It had a huge open plaza and a giant pyramid.There were also many other buildings,including a steam bath and an observatory for studying the stars.Chichn Itz was also home to the largest ball court in the area.Chichn Itz is not just a
39、 name from the past.You can still find it in southern Mexico.Many of its pyramids still exist.Tourists walk up these old pyramids.They also study the detailed stone carvings.Some sit by the ball court and imagine what the games were like.Nearby,there are even more ruins.But these are still buried un
40、der soil,plants,and trees.Chichn Itz is a popular tourist destination today.15The Inca were also master farmers.They cut terraces into steep mountainsides.This gave them flat places to grow food.They also dug irrigation canals that brought water to their crops.They grew corn,cotton,potatoes,and quin
41、oa(kee-NOH-uh).Llamas helped the Inca carry things up the mountains.Today relatives of the Inca still live high in the green Andes.On steep,sloping lands they grow foods like quinoa.Some still speak the ancient language,Quechua,and live like their Inca ancestors.Music groups play drums and make beau
42、tiful,haunting sounds with traditional flutes.Today,musicians from Ecuador and Peru play popular Andean music all around the world.The Inca used llama wool to make warm clothing.Discovery in the Americas?Level W11CHAPTER 3:The AnasaziThe story of the Anasazi(ah-nuh-SAH-zee)is amazing and mysterious.
43、The Anasazi were also known as the“cliff dwellers”or the“ancient ones.”They lived in the Southwestern region of todays United States.These people lived as hunters and then as farmers,growing corn,beans,squash,and cotton.They built sandstone houses in the sides of cliffs.But about 700 years ago,the A
44、nasazi simply vanished from their homes.The Anasazi lived in the Four Corners region of the United States.UtahArizonaFour CornersNew MexicoColoradoDo You Know?The Anasazi lived in an area called the Four Corners.It is where the corners of four states meetArizona,Colorado,New Mexico,and Utah.If you p
45、osition your body properly at the Four Corners,you can be in four states at the same time.Discovery in the Americas?Level W14CHAPTER 4:The IncaThe Inca lived along the western edge of South America.They built a large and rich empire.The Inca empire covered thousands of miles of jungles,mountains,and
46、 beaches.The Inca were good builders and engineers.They built a network of stone roads that connected towns.They even built long suspension bridges over rivers and canyons.Before the age of telephones and cars,they kept in close contact.Messengers ran between towns to relay messages from far away.Th
47、e Inca empire stretched down the Andean mountains to the coast for more than 4,020 kilometers(2,500 mi.).PeruAtlantic OceanPacific OceanColombiaQuitoEcuadorBrazilCuzcoBoliviaChileArgentina13Tourists from all over the world like to explore Cliff Palace.Remaining Ruin:Mesa VerdeYou can still find sign
48、s of the Anasazi today.Perhaps the most amazing Anasazi ruins are at Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado.Many tourists visit this site every year.They walk through ancient houses built into the sides of cliffs.The most famous ruin is called Cliff Palace.It sits under a big rocky ledge.There are sta
49、irs,courtyards,and rooms packed together.Circular rooms called kivas remain where the Anasazi held ceremonies.In the museum you can see authentic Anasazi pottery and baskets.Discovery in the Americas?Level W12Today we know about the Anasazi because they left many clues behind.It seems as if they lef
50、t one day,meaning to come back.But they never did.Their sandstone houses were still intact.Clothes hung from hooks,and pottery lay on the ground.Archaeologists later found sandals,baskets,blankets,and garden tools.There were many pieces of beautiful pottery,such as jars and bowls with black and red