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1、Ships of DiscoveryA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:2,344Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-LEVELED READER ALEVELED BOOK YTWYShips of DiscoveryWritten by William Houseman Illustrated by Cende HillShips of DiscoveryLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten b
2、y William HousemanIllustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-Ships of DiscoveryWritten by William HousemanIllustrated by Cende HillShips of Discovery Level Y 1920Glossaryarchipelago(n.)a cluster or chain of islands(
3、p.9)bountiful(adj.)plentiful,abundant(p.4)buoyant(adj.)able to float(p.4)commerce(n.)the buying and selling of goods;business or trade(p.4)eliminated(v.)removed or took away(p.7)habitable(adj.)capable of supporting life(p.10)indigenous(adj.)native to a particular place(p.5)ingenuity(n.)cleverness or
4、 skill in solving a problem or challenge(p.19)scurvy(n.)a life-threatening illness common to early sailors caused by a lack of vitamin C(p.18)speculated(v.)guessed based on ideas and theories that were not definitely proven(p.4)streamlined(adj.)designed to move easily through air or water(p.7)tiers(
5、n.)rows or levels arranged one above another(p.8)triremes(n.)ancient galleys equipped with three banks of oars(p.8)ConclusionBy the mid-1800s,sailors had explored and mapped most of the worlds coastlines.Very fast sailing vessels called clipper ships carried people across oceans in a matter of days.
6、One clipper,Sir Lancelot,set a record by sailing from Australia to England in three months.Some of these ships had as many as thirty-five sails,and they could travel even in light breezes.By the 1870s,however,the steam engine largely replaced wind power.The industrial revolution swung into full gear
7、,and machines became more significant to everyone.Bigger and faster ships than had ever been imagined suddenly became possible.Today,steam power is outdated,and ships run on different types of engines.Some submarines and aircraft carriers even run on nuclear power!Cruise ships carry thousands of peo
8、ple at a time like floating cities.When we look at some of the ships used by early explorers to sail across oceans,we have to admire their courage and their ingenuity.Explorers and their ships of discovery helped create the world we live in.Ships of DiscoveryLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten b
9、y William HousemanIllustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-Ships of DiscoveryWritten by William HousemanIllustrated by Cende HillShips of Discovery Level Y 1920Glossaryarchipelago(n.)a cluster or chain of islands(
10、p.9)bountiful(adj.)plentiful,abundant(p.4)buoyant(adj.)able to float(p.4)commerce(n.)the buying and selling of goods;business or trade(p.4)eliminated(v.)removed or took away(p.7)habitable(adj.)capable of supporting life(p.10)indigenous(adj.)native to a particular place(p.5)ingenuity(n.)cleverness or
11、 skill in solving a problem or challenge(p.19)scurvy(n.)a life-threatening illness common to early sailors caused by a lack of vitamin C(p.18)speculated(v.)guessed based on ideas and theories that were not definitely proven(p.4)streamlined(adj.)designed to move easily through air or water(p.7)tiers(
12、n.)rows or levels arranged one above another(p.8)triremes(n.)ancient galleys equipped with three banks of oars(p.8)ConclusionBy the mid-1800s,sailors had explored and mapped most of the worlds coastlines.Very fast sailing vessels called clipper ships carried people across oceans in a matter of days.
13、One clipper,Sir Lancelot,set a record by sailing from Australia to England in three months.Some of these ships had as many as thirty-five sails,and they could travel even in light breezes.By the 1870s,however,the steam engine largely replaced wind power.The industrial revolution swung into full gear
14、,and machines became more significant to everyone.Bigger and faster ships than had ever been imagined suddenly became possible.Today,steam power is outdated,and ships run on different types of engines.Some submarines and aircraft carriers even run on nuclear power!Cruise ships carry thousands of peo
15、ple at a time like floating cities.When we look at some of the ships used by early explorers to sail across oceans,we have to admire their courage and their ingenuity.Explorers and their ships of discovery helped create the world we live in.Ships of Discovery Level Y 1718While many previous explorer
16、s sailed to make war or find treasure,Cook was interested in knowledge and science.He brought three scientists with him when he traveled,one astronomer(a scientist who studies the night sky)and two naturalists(scientists who study plants and animals).He also took many artists to document their disco
17、veries.Cook observed the stars as he sailed,and whenever he came to a new land,he learned as much as he could about its plants and animals.His work broadened the European understanding of the world.Cook kept his crew healthy by making them eat foods such as limes and cabbages.Until Cooks time,up to
18、one-half of the crew on a long voyage would die of scurvy or other diseases.Cook knew his success as an explorer depended on keeping his crew in good health.Soon,all British sailors knew that they needed to eat vitamin C to survive.Sadly,although Cook attempted to remain diplomatic and friendly wher
19、ever he went,he was killed in a fight in Hawaii in 1779.Do You Know?British sailors use of limes to prevent scurvy led people of other nations to give them the nickname“limeys.”Later YearsAs sea exploration continued,the Spanish led the way.By the 1500s,European shipbuilding had experienced vast imp
20、rovements.The newest ships,called galleons,were larger,faster,and more comfortable.It took two thousand oak trees to build one galleon.These vessels were as long as 42.7 meters(140 ft),but were still small compared to the Chinese ships.Many of them had nice,comfortable living quarters,at least for t
21、he officers.Galleons were dual-purpose ships that served as both trading vessels and warships.Because of their great size,these warships were capable of mounting many cannons,making them dangerous in battle.In the late 1700s,Captain James Cook began some of the greatest explorations of his time.In h
22、is first ship,Endeavour,Cook sailed around the world.GalleonShips of Discovery Level Y 34IntroductionPeople often settle along rivers,lakes,and seas where they can find fresh water,nutrient-rich soil,and bountiful fishing.Long ago,people who lived near large bodies of water were curious about what m
23、ight exist beyond the horizon.They also speculated that traveling over water might be easier than traveling over land.They noticed that particular materials,such as wood,reeds,or skins full of air,were buoyant.These thoughts led to the construction of the first simple boat.As boats and ships became
24、more practical,people were able to travel farther from home.Advancing technology created new types of boats that were often safer,faster,more comfortable,and able to carry more cargo.Boats became important tools for commerce,exploration,and defense.Lets examine how boats were used to explore the wor
25、ld and how they have changed over time.Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Early Years.5The Polynesians.9The Vikings.11Age of Discovery.13The Chinese.15Later Years.17Conclusion.19Glossary.20Ships of Discovery Level Y 34IntroductionPeople often settle along rivers,lakes,and seas where they can find fresh
26、water,nutrient-rich soil,and bountiful fishing.Long ago,people who lived near large bodies of water were curious about what might exist beyond the horizon.They also speculated that traveling over water might be easier than traveling over land.They noticed that particular materials,such as wood,reeds
27、,or skins full of air,were buoyant.These thoughts led to the construction of the first simple boat.As boats and ships became more practical,people were able to travel farther from home.Advancing technology created new types of boats that were often safer,faster,more comfortable,and able to carry mor
28、e cargo.Boats became important tools for commerce,exploration,and defense.Lets examine how boats were used to explore the world and how they have changed over time.Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Early Years.5The Polynesians.9The Vikings.11Age of Discovery.13The Chinese.15Later Years.17Conclusion.19G
29、lossary.20Ships of Discovery Level Y 1718While many previous explorers sailed to make war or find treasure,Cook was interested in knowledge and science.He brought three scientists with him when he traveled,one astronomer(a scientist who studies the night sky)and two naturalists(scientists who study
30、plants and animals).He also took many artists to document their discoveries.Cook observed the stars as he sailed,and whenever he came to a new land,he learned as much as he could about its plants and animals.His work broadened the European understanding of the world.Cook kept his crew healthy by mak
31、ing them eat foods such as limes and cabbages.Until Cooks time,up to one-half of the crew on a long voyage would die of scurvy or other diseases.Cook knew his success as an explorer depended on keeping his crew in good health.Soon,all British sailors knew that they needed to eat vitamin C to survive
32、.Sadly,although Cook attempted to remain diplomatic and friendly wherever he went,he was killed in a fight in Hawaii in 1779.Do You Know?British sailors use of limes to prevent scurvy led people of other nations to give them the nickname“limeys.”Later YearsAs sea exploration continued,the Spanish le
33、d the way.By the 1500s,European shipbuilding had experienced vast improvements.The newest ships,called galleons,were larger,faster,and more comfortable.It took two thousand oak trees to build one galleon.These vessels were as long as 42.7 meters(140 ft),but were still small compared to the Chinese s
34、hips.Many of them had nice,comfortable living quarters,at least for the officers.Galleons were dual-purpose ships that served as both trading vessels and warships.Because of their great size,these warships were capable of mounting many cannons,making them dangerous in battle.In the late 1700s,Captai
35、n James Cook began some of the greatest explorations of his time.In his first ship,Endeavour,Cook sailed around the world.GalleonShips of Discovery Level Y 1516The ChineseWhile European explorers were sailing the world,the Chinese had also taken to the sea in another part of the world.By the 1400s,t
36、hey were skilled sailors.Chinese people had long since invented the magnetic compass.They also invented the rudder a thousand years before Westerners.They used rectangular sails reinforced with strips of bamboo called battens.The battens made the sails sturdier and easier to furl and unfurl,and sail
37、ors could even climb them like ladders!From 1405 to 1443,the most famous Chinese explorer,Zheng He,traveled on seven long voyages with a fleet of sixty-two treasure ships.The Chinese called these ships“junks.”Inside the hull,the ship was divided into many sections,partitioned off with watertight wal
38、ls or bulkheads to minimize potential damage.If the hull were breached,the leak could only flood a small section of the ship,rather than sinking the entire ship.Zheng Hes junks were much larger than European ships.His largest ship was so big that it could have held all three of Columbuss ships on it
39、s deck.This massive ship was 121 meters(400 ft)long and 45.7 meters(150 ft)wide.In addition to the sixty-two main trading ships,more than a hundred smaller support boats were in the fleet.The Chinese sailed all the way to Africa to trade as well as to show the might of the Chinese empire to the rest
40、 of the world.Zheng He even carried a giraffe home to the emperor.War with their Asian neighbors caused the Chinese to turn their attention away from exploration.The emperor made ocean voyages illegal and had all the treasure ships destroyed.If the Chinese had continued their explorations,we might b
41、e studying how the Chinese discovered America.And North and South Americans might be speaking Chinese instead of French,English,Spanish,and Portuguese.Chinese junkShips of Discovery Level Y 56Early YearsThe oldest record of sea travel comes from Egypt.People might have been sailing the seas before t
42、hem,but the Egyptians were the first to leave us records of their journeys.More than 6,000 years ago,the Egyptians took to the water and carved images of themselves doing so in stone.Since the mighty Nile River dictated much of ancient Egyptian life,its not surprising that Egyptians mastered the art
43、 of traveling by water.Originally,they built simple boats by carving out the trunks of trees.But the Egyptians were not the only people to make boats from trees.Far away in America,indigenous people were also building dugout canoes by hollowing out tree trunks.These were sturdy boats,but they couldn
44、t carry much.Egyptian boatOver time,people wanted to transport larger cargoes over waterways.It became necessary to construct boats that could carry many people for long voyages,as well as food,animals,and other items to trade.Canoes carved from a single oak tree and steered with a pole were adequat
45、e boats for crossing a lake or going down a river.However,they didnt work well for carrying bulky objects.Imagine trying to row a narrow canoe across a wide lake with six sheep crammed around you.The space just wasnt sufficient.Humans have always strived to perfect and upgrade their inventions.So it
46、 was natural that ancient people searched for methods to build bigger,faster,and safer boats.People realized that they needed better boats if they were going to explore places far from their homeland.Dugout canoeShips of Discovery Level Y 56Early YearsThe oldest record of sea travel comes from Egypt
47、.People might have been sailing the seas before them,but the Egyptians were the first to leave us records of their journeys.More than 6,000 years ago,the Egyptians took to the water and carved images of themselves doing so in stone.Since the mighty Nile River dictated much of ancient Egyptian life,i
48、ts not surprising that Egyptians mastered the art of traveling by water.Originally,they built simple boats by carving out the trunks of trees.But the Egyptians were not the only people to make boats from trees.Far away in America,indigenous people were also building dugout canoes by hollowing out tr
49、ee trunks.These were sturdy boats,but they couldnt carry much.Egyptian boatOver time,people wanted to transport larger cargoes over waterways.It became necessary to construct boats that could carry many people for long voyages,as well as food,animals,and other items to trade.Canoes carved from a sin
50、gle oak tree and steered with a pole were adequate boats for crossing a lake or going down a river.However,they didnt work well for carrying bulky objects.Imagine trying to row a narrow canoe across a wide lake with six sheep crammed around you.The space just wasnt sufficient.Humans have always stri