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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Thomas EdisonA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:1,018WritingResearch to learn more about one of Thomas Edisons inventions.Create a brochure about the invention to share with your classmates.Social StudiesMake a timeline of Thomas Edis
2、ons life.Include at least five of his inventions on your timeline.Connectionswww.readinga-Thomas EdisonThomas EdisonLEVELED BOOK RORUWritten by Joanne C.Wachterwww.readinga-What traits describe Thomas Edison,and how did they affect his actions?Focus QuestionWritten by Joanne C.WachterThomas EdisonPh
3、oto Credits:Front cover,page 8(top):Bettmann/Getty Images;title page:ullstein bild/Getty Images;page 3:Hulton Archive/Archive Photos/Getty Images;page 4:Print Collector/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 5:courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division LC-USZ62-55326;pages 6,14(right):Uni
4、versal History Archive/Universal Images Group/Getty Images;page 7(top):Prisma/Universal Images Group/Getty Images;page 7(bottom):SPL/Science Source;page 8(bottom):Chris Hunter/Schenectady Museum;Hall of Electrical History Foundation/CORBIS/Getty Images;page 9(left):AFP/Getty Images;page 9(right,all)
5、:courtesy of Thomas Edison Papers at Rutgers University;page 10(top):Science&Society Picture Library/SSPL/Getty Images;page 10(bottom):INTERFOTO/Alamy Stock Photo;page 11:Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 12:Early light bulbs:left:first commercial light bulb,right:electric filament lamp made by Thoma
6、s Alva Edison(1847-1931)in 1879(glass&wood)/Science Museum,London,UK/Bridgeman Images;page 13:Roger Viollet/Getty Images;page 14(left):Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 15:FPG/Archive Photos/Getty ImagesWords to Knowcapableexperimentsfilamentfor-profitinventedoperatorpatentpracti
7、calsketchedCorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAThomas EdisonLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Joanne C.WachterAll rights reserved.www.readinga-3Table of ContentsA Curious Boy .4Young Al .5Edison the Inventor .7A New Lab .8Important Inventions .10A Special Project .12Oth
8、er Exciting Ideas .14A Remarkable Man .15Glossary .16Thomas Edison Level R4A Curious BoyFrom an early age,Thomas Edison loved to question things.He spent his whole life learning why and how things worked.Once he knew how things worked,he tried to figure out how to make them work better.Thomas Edison
9、 invented or improved over a thousand things,some of which we use every day.Many people think of him as one of the greatest American inventors of all time.Thomas Alva Edison in 19145Young AlThomas Alva Edison was born on February 11,1847.Al,as he was called as a boy,did not do well in school.In thos
10、e days,students memorized facts.They didnt explore and ask their own questions,which is what Al loved to do.Als mother took her son out of school and taught him at home.She taught him to love to read.His father gave Al ten cents for every classic book he read.Thomas Edison at fourteen years oldThoma
11、s Edison Level R6Al started to work on the railroad when he was twelve years old.He sold food and newspapers.Al used the money he earned to buy books and science supplies.He set up a lab in a baggage car until an accidental fire ended his experiments.Also around this time,Al lost most of his hearing
12、.As an adult,he would say someone grabbed him by the ears and pulled him onto a train.When he was fifteen,Al saved a young boys life.The boy was about to be run over by a boxcar when Al grabbed him.The childs thankful father offered to teach Al how to be a telegraph operator.As Al grew older,he trav
13、eled around the country as a telegraph operator.He wanted to be called Tom and continued to be interested in science.He spent much of the money he earned on books and supplies.A drawing of a train telegraph operator7Edison the InventorAfter a few years,Edison decided to become a full-time inventor.S
14、ome of his early inventions were improvements on the telegraph.For example,he found a way to send two messages and receive two messages at the same time.Earlier telegraphs could only send or receive one.Edison received his first patent,for an electric vote counter,in 1869.The invention did not do we
15、ll.Edison continued to invent.He said he would not give up,no matter what happened.Edisons improved telegraphEdisons electric voting machineDo You Know?The telegraph let people communicate before the invention of the telephone.It used a code of dots and dashes,or short and long beeps,to form letters
16、.Thomas Edison Level R8A New LabEdison found partners and began to build and sell some of his inventions.In 1876,he built a lab in Menlo Park,New Jersey.It was the first for-profit research lab in the world.People called it the“invention factory.”There,Edison worked for many hours each day,and many
17、of his workers stayed with him just as long.Edison at work in his Menlo Park lab(top)and the outside of the lab(bottom)9Edison sketched his ideas in notebooks.He gave the sketches to his workers,who then created the inventions.Edison filled 3,500 notebooks with ideas for inventions.Not all of those
18、ideas worked.Edison continued to work.He said he needed to find out all the ways something didnt work to find out the way it did.Edison writing in a notebook(main)and some pages from his notebooks(right)Thomas Edison Level R10Important InventionsThe telephone was invented in 1876,but it didnt work w
19、ell.People had to yell into the phone to make themselves heard.The farther away the telephones were,the worse it was.In 1877,Edison and his team developed a way to make a callers voice louder and clearer,even over long distances.Edisons FamilyEdison married Mary Stilwell in 1871.They had three child
20、renMarion,Thomas Jr.,and William.Mary died in 1884.Edison married his second wife,Mina Miller,in 1886.They had three childrenMadeleine,Charles,and Theodore.A telephone from 1877 with Edisons improvementsThomas Edison with Madeleine,Mina,Theodore,and Charles11Edison also wanted to find a way to recor
21、d words and play them back.He invented a machine called the phonograph.The first thing Edison recorded was“Mary Had a Little Lamb.”Some didnt believe the machine worked.They thought someone was talking in another room!The phonograph was quite exciting to people in the 1800s.Edison became famous,but
22、he could not figure out what to do with his invention.All his experiments failed.Years later,after many improvements,the phonograph became popular as a way to record and listen to music.Edison working on an early version of the phonographThomas Edison Level R12A Special ProjectFor many years,people
23、had tried to find a practical way to use electricity to make light.Many inventors created light bulbs.The bulbs either burned too brightly or dimly,or burned out too fast.In 1878,Edison decided to solve this problem.Edison and his team worked around the clock.They had to find a material for the fila
24、ment the part of a light bulb that glows.They tried thousands of materials until they found one that worked.Edison opened the lab to visitors.People were amazed when they saw the lab brightly lit with electric lights.One of Edisons first electric light bulbs13Edisons team then had to create an elect
25、rical system that could light a building and even a city.In 1881,Edison moved to New York City to help start the first electric power plant.In time,many places replaced gas or oil lamps with electric bulbs.The War of the CurrentsIn the 1880s and 1890s,Edison was involved in a competition with anothe
26、r electric company.Edisons method of delivering electricity was called direct current,or DC.The other company said the method called alternating current,or AC,was better.AC was invented by Nikola Tesla.AC eventually became more popular.Nikola TeslaThomas Edison Level R14Other Exciting IdeasIn 1887,E
27、dison moved into a larger lab in West Orange,New Jersey.Around that time,he was shown a machine that quickly played many still images one after another.The things in the images looked as if they were moving!Edison asked one of his workers,William Dickson,to work on two machines.One machine would rec
28、ord the images,and the other would show them.Dickson and Edison invented the Kinetograph,a motion picture camera.They also invented the Kinetoscope.This projector allowed one person to watch the movie through a small hole.Edison tried to link sound with the images of this new invention.He found it t
29、oo hard to get the sound and pictures to match,so his films were silent.The Kinetograph(left)and Kinetoscope(right)15A Remarkable ManEdison continued to put ideas into his notebooks and work with his team to build his inventions.Some of his other inventions included machines for mining,improved batt
30、eries,and new uses for cement.During his life,Edison had 1,093 patents,which was a record at the time.He worked until he was more than eighty years old.Thomas Edison died on October 18,1931.President Herbert Hoover asked people to turn out their lights for a short time.He asked them to think about t
31、he great changes Thomas Edison had made in their lives.As Edison once said,“If we did all the things we are capable of doing,we would astound ourselves.”Edison conducting an experiment in 1910Thomas Edison Level R16Glossarycapable(adj.)having the qualities,skills,or abilities to do something(p.15)ex
32、periments(n.)scientific tests(p.6)filament(n.)a thread or threadlike object that conducts electricity,such as that found in a light bulb(p.12)for-profit(adj.)set up or done to make money(p.8)invented(v.)created,designed,or built something that did not exist before(p.4)operator(n.)a person who controls a machine or other equipment (p.6)patent(n.)a document granting the right to make money from an invention(p.7)practical(adj.)sensible;realistic(p.12)sketched(v.)made a rough drawing or outline of something(p.9)