《原版英语RAZ 教案(U) Thomas Edison.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案(U) Thomas Edison.pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Thomas EdisonA Reading AZ Level U Leveled BookWord Count:1,248WritingResearch to learn more about one of Thomas Edisons inventions.Create a brochure about the invention to share with your classmates.Social StudiesMake a timeline of Thomas Edis
2、ons life.Include at least five of his inventions on your timeline.Connectionswww.readinga-LEVELED BOOK UORUThomas EdisonThomas EdisonWritten by Joanne C.Wachterwww.readinga-What traits describe Thomas Edison,and how did they affect his actions?Focus QuestionWritten by Joanne C.WachterThomas EdisonPh
3、oto Credits:Front cover,page 8(top):Bettmann/Getty Images;title page:ullstein bild/Getty Images;page 3:Hulton Archive/Archive Photos/Getty Images;page 4:Print Collector/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 6:courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division LC-USZ62-55326;page 7(left):SPL/Scie
4、nce Source;page 7(right):Prisma/Universal Images Group/Getty Images;page 8(bottom):Chris Hunter/Schenectady Museum;Hall of Electrical History Foundation/CORBIS/Getty Images;page 9(left):AFP/Getty Images;page 9(right,all):courtesy of Thomas Edison Papers at Rutgers University;page 10(top):Science&Soc
5、iety Picture Library/SSPL/Getty Images;page 10(bottom):INTERFOTO/Alamy Stock Photo;page 11:Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 12:Early light bulbs:left:first commercial light bulb,right:electric filament lamp made by Thomas Alva Edison(1847-1931)in 1879(glass&wood)/Science Museum,London,UK/Bridgeman I
6、mages;page 13:Roger Viollet/Getty Images;page 14(left):Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 14(right):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/Getty Images;page 15:FPG/Archive Photos/Getty ImagesWords to Knowapprenticeshipdiscouragedfilamentfor-profitinventedinvestorsmanufac
7、turemodelspatentpeepholesketchedtechnologyCorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAThomas EdisonLevel U Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Joanne C.WachterAll rights reserved.www.readinga-3Table of ContentsA Curious Boy .4Young Al .5Edison the Inventor .7A New Lab .8Important Inventi
8、ons .10A Special Project .12Other Exciting Ideas .14A Remarkable Man .15Glossary .16Thomas Edison Level U4A Curious BoyFrom an early age,Thomas Edison loved to question things.He spent his whole life exploring why and how things worked.Once he understood how things worked,he tried to figure out how
9、to make them work better.Thomas Edison invented or improved over a thousand things,some of which we use every day.Many people consider him one of the greatest American inventors of all time.Thomas Alva Edison in 19145Young AlThomas Alva Edison was born on February 11,1847.He was the youngest of seve
10、n children,four of whom survived to adulthood.Al,as he was called as a boy,lived in Ohio with his family until 1854,when they moved to Michigan.Although smart and curious,Al did not do well in school.In those days,students memorized and recited facts and didnt have the opportunity to explore and ask
11、 their own questions,which is what Al loved to do.Als mother eventually removed her son from school and taught him at home.She taught him to love to read.His father encouraged his reading by giving him ten cents for every classic book he read.Als parents allowed him to take a job with the railroad w
12、hen he was just twelve years old.He sold food and newspapers to the passengers.Al used the money he earned to buy books and science supplies.He was allowed to set up a science lab in a baggage car until an accidental fire ended his experiments.Also around this time,Al lost most of his hearing.As an
13、adult,he would say someone grabbed him by the ears and pulled him onto a train.The story could not be confirmed.Thomas Edison Level U6When Al was fifteen,he saved a young boys life.The boy was about to be run over by a boxcar when Al grabbed him and carried him to safety.The childs grateful father,w
14、ho was a telegraph operator,offered Al an apprenticeship.As Al grew older,he traveled around the country as a telegraph operator.He now preferred to be called Tom.He continued to be interested in science and spent much of the money he earned on books and supplies.He liked to work the night shift and
15、 use his days for experiments.Thomas Edison at fourteen years old7Edison the InventorAfter a few years,Thomas Edison decided that he wanted to become a full-time inventor.Some of his early inventions were improvements on the telegraph machine.For example,he found a way to send two messages and recei
16、ve two messages at the same time.Earlier telegraphs could only send or receive one.Edison received his first patent,for an electric vote counter,in 1869.The invention did not do well.Edison continued to invent.He once said,“I never allow myself to become discouraged under any circumstances.”Do You K
17、now?The telegraph let people communicate before the invention of the telephone.It used a code of dots and dashes,or short and long beeps,to form letters.Edisons improved telegraphEdisons electric voting machineThomas Edison Level U8A New LabEdison found business partners and began to manufacture som
18、e of his inventions.In 1876,he built a lab for his science experiments in Menlo Park,New Jersey.It was the first for-profit research lab in the world.People called it the“invention factory”since multiple inventions could be worked on at once.There,Edison worked tirelessly for many hours each day,and
19、 many of his employees worked just as hard.Edison at work in his Menlo Park lab(top)and the outside of the lab(bottom)9Edison sketched his ideas in notebooks and gave the sketches to his twenty-five workers,who then made working models.In all,Edison filled 3,500 notebooks with ideas for inventions.N
20、ot all of those ideas worked,but Edison said,“Negative results are just as valuable to me as positive results.I can never find the thing that does the job the best until I find the ones that dont do it.”Edison writing in a notebook(main)and some pages from his notebooks(right)Thomas Edison Level U10
21、Important InventionsEdison also improved other inventions.Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone in 1876.The first versions required people to yell into the receiver to make themselves heard.The farther away the telephones were,the worse it was.In 1877,Edison and his team developed a way t
22、o make a callers voice louder and clearer,even over long distances.Edisons FamilyEdison married Mary Stilwell in 1871.They had three childrenMarion,Thomas Jr.,and William.Mary died in 1884.Edison married his second wife,Mina Miller,in 1886.They had three childrenMadeleine,Charles,and Theodore.A tele
23、phone from 1877 with Edisons improvementsThomas Edison with Madeleine,Mina,Theodore,and Charles11From his work on the telephone and telegraph,Edison had an idea.He wanted to record words and play them back.This idea led to the creation of the phonograph.The first thing Edison recorded was the nurser
24、y rhyme“Mary Had a Little Lamb.”To everyones amazement,the machine played back the words.Some people didnt believe itthey thought someone was talking in another room!The phonograph was very simple compared to modern music players,but it was very exciting to people in the 1800s.Edison became famous,b
25、ut he had a difficult time figuring out what to do with his invention.He experimented with different ideas,such as putting a phonograph inside a doll to make it“talk,”but the toy soon broke.Years later,after many improvements to the technology,the phonograph became popular as a way to record and lis
26、ten to music.Edison working on an early version of the phonographThomas Edison Level U12A Special ProjectEdison wasted no time starting his next project.For many years,people had tried to find a practical way to use electricity to make light.Many inventors created light bulbs,but the bulbs either bu
27、rned too brightly or dimly,or burned out too fast.In 1878,Edison became determined to solve this problem and sought out investors to help him.Edison and his team worked around the clock.The first challenge was to find a material for the filamentthe part of a light bulb that glows.Edisons workers tri
28、ed thousands of different materials until they found one that worked.Edison opened the lab for visitors to see his teams accomplishments.People were astounded when they walked up a path and entered the lab,which was brightly lit with electric lights.Soon,everyone wanted electric lights.One of Edison
29、s first electric light bulbs13The second challenge was creating an electrical system that could light a building and even a city.In 1881,Edison moved to New York City to help start the first electric power plant.Eventually,power plants in hundreds of communities were making it possible for people to
30、 switch from gas and oil lamps to electric lights.The War of the CurrentsIn the 1880s and 1890s,Edison and his electric companies were involved in fierce competition with another electric company led by George Westinghouse.Edisons method of delivering electricity was called direct current,or DC.West
31、inghouse claimed another method called alternating current,or AC,which was invented by Nikola Tesla,was a better,safer method.AC eventually became dominant.Nikola TeslaThomas Edison Level U14Other Exciting IdeasIn 1887,Edison moved into a larger lab in West Orange,New Jersey.Around that time,he was
32、shown a machine that played multiple still images in very quick succession.The things in the images appeared to be moving!Edison requested that one of his workers,William Dickson,work on a machine that could record images and also a machine that could project them.Dickson and Edison would invent the
33、 Kinetograph,a motion picture camera,and the Kinetoscope,a projector that would allow one person to watch the movie through a peephole.Edison also tried to link sound with the images of this new invention.He found it too difficult to get the sound and pictures to match,so his films were silent.The K
34、inetograph(left)and Kinetoscope(right)15A Remarkable ManEdison continued to pour ideas into his notebooks and work with his team to turn his ideas into reality.Some of his other inventions included machines for mining,improved batteries,and new uses for cement.Throughout his life,Edison obtained 1,0
35、93 patents,which was a record at the time.He continued to work until he was more than eighty years old.Thomas Edison died on October 18,1931.President Herbert Hoover asked everyone in the country to turn out the lights for a short time to honor Edison.Sitting in the dark for a few moments,people cou
36、ld think about the great changes Thomas Edison had made in their lives.As Edison once said,“If we did all the things we are capable of doing,we would astound ourselves.”Edison conducting an experiment in 1910Thomas Edison Level U16Glossaryapprenticeship(n.)a period of training during which a person
37、learns a skill or trade from a skilled professional(p.6)discouraged(adj.)not feeling courageous,confident,or enthusiastic about something(p.7)filament(n.)a thread or threadlike object that conducts electricity,such as that found in a light bulb(p.12)for-profit(adj.)set up or done to make money(p.8)i
38、nvented(v.)created,designed,or built something that did not exist before(p.4)investors(n.)people,companies,or organizations that buy something or put money into a business hoping to make a profit (p.12)manufacture(v.)to make finished goods or products from raw materials(p.8)models(n.)smaller version
39、s of an object made to look like the real thing(p.9)patent(n.)a document granting the right to make money from an invention(p.7)peephole(n.)a small hole through which a person looks(p.14)sketched(v.)made a rough drawing or outline of something(p.9)technology(n.)the use of scientific knowledge or tools to make or do something(p.11)