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1、www.readinga-VikingsVikingsA Reading AZ Level T Leveled BookWord Count:1,358Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by William Houseman Illustrated by Maria VorisLEVELED BOOK TTWZWritten by William HousemanIllustrated by Maria VorisVikingsVikingsLevel T Leveled Book Learning
2、 AZWritten by William HousemanIllustrated by Maria VorisAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL TP3838Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34table of ContentsIntroduction.4Viking Warriors .7Discovering a New Land .10Eric the Red .12Leif Ericson.14Other Viking Conquests.18Glossary
3、 .20 IntroduCtIonWhen you hear the word Vikings,do you think of warriors or do you think of explorers?Do you think of merchants or do you think of poets?The Vikings were all of these things.They were also scientists,farmers,and fisherfolk.They were courageous fighters who loved to explore the world.
4、Vikings Level T56The Viking Age began about twelve hundred years ago.The Vikings came from the coastal lands in northern Europe that are now the countries of Norway,Sweden,and Denmark.The Vikings were used to cold weather and learned to sail and fight at an early age.Their ships were fast and could
5、carry many warriors.Over time,the Vikings spirit of exploration and adventure led them to places all around Europe.It even led them to discover new lands that no one in Europe knew existed.They seized land along the western coast of Europe.They even conquered land along the Mediterranean Sea.Vikings
6、 also went east into what is now Russia.Some Vikings sailed far west over the ocean,eventually reaching North America.And they did so hundreds of years before Christopher Columbus was even born.The Vikings navigation skills,courage,and sturdy ships led them to discover and develop rich new lands.Vik
7、ing expansion routesGREENLANDICELANDNORTH AMERICA(VINLAND)EUROPEAFRICADENMARKAT L A N T I C O C E A NNORWAYSWEDENNVikings Level T78VIkIng WarrIorsVikings are often pictured as tall,muscular people wearing helmets with horns.In fact,many Viking helmets were decorated,but they most likely did not have
8、 horns.Metal helmets were expensive,and leather caps and shields were a much more common form of defense.Some Vikings also used mail shirts for protection.The spear and the axe were the most common Viking weapons.Many warriors also used swords,knives,or bows.Berserkers were special Viking warriors w
9、ho fought without wearing any armor.They often wore the skins of bears or wolves and fought in a rage so great that they would ignore any wounds they received during battle.The Vikings liked to tell stories and create poems about their achievements and battles.Many of these Viking tales have been pr
10、eserved in heroic tales known as sagas.In Viking culture,land was handed down from a father to his firstborn son.Younger sons received no land.They could either work for the oldest brother or strike out on their own to seek fame and fortune elsewhere.Most young Viking men were well trained as warrio
11、rs.Many of them did not want to work on the land of the oldest brother.The stories of rich lands within sailing distance drew them away from their homeland.Vikings Level T910Viking warriors invaded other countries with quick attacks from the sea.Their fast boats were called dragons because they ofte
12、n had a carved dragons head rising from the bow.The dragons head warned others of the fierce warriors on board.Despite all the stories about the warlike Vikings,not all Vikings were warriors or stayed warriors.Viking warriors often settled down to live peacefully in the lands they conquered.They bec
13、ame farmers or traders.These former warriors lived much like other people of those lands.They became peaceful citizens.dIsCoVerIng a neW landOne brave Viking,Gardard Svavarsson,sailed beyond the seas where other Europeans had settled.His travels took him far to the north and west.After many days at
14、sea,he found a large island.Today,the island he discovered is known as Iceland.Iceland became the home for people who were banished by the first king of Norway.At that time,Norway was ruled by a very strict king.His rules were harsh.Many people were unhappy.The king feared being attacked by these pe
15、ople.He ordered anyone who wouldnt follow his rules to leave Norway.Viking longships were built with the same shape at both ends.Vikings could jump in the ship and row away from shore.They didnt have to turn the ship around to leave.Do You Know?Do You Know?Vikings Level T1112These families left Norw
16、ay and many sailed to Iceland.They built a village there.Within fifty years,four hundred people lived in this new island country.The new settlers in Iceland wanted choice in their lives.They didnt want a king.They created a democracy.In a democratic government,people can vote.People vote on ideas,la
17、ws,and rulers.Usually the idea or person with the most votes wins.Iceland continued to attract strong,brave people.Iceland eventually grew to become one of the happiest and most successful countries in the world.erIC the redTo many people,Iceland seemed an ideal place to live.But not everyone fit in
18、 there.Most people in Iceland wanted a peaceful life.One man,named Eric the Red,was often in trouble with the authorities.One day he killed three men in a fight.The officials of Iceland grew tired of Eric and ordered him to leave.Eric decided to look for a new home.He had heard rumors of a new land
19、even farther to the west than Iceland.He sailed off to search for this unknown place.Eric the Red was named for his thick red hair.Vikings Level T1314Eric the Red found the new land after only two days!He wanted other people to come to live there,so he told them stories about how green it was.He nam
20、ed this new land he had found Greenland.He led a group of twenty-five ships full of people who wanted to live in Greenland.The seas were very rough,and several ships sank,while others were forced to turn back.Fourteen ships arrived safely.The people built two new communities.They set up a democratic
21、 government as they had in Iceland.Within ten years,nearly 3,000 people had come to live in Greenland.Today,about 56,000 people live there.leIf erICsonPerhaps the most famous Viking was a son of Eric the Red.His name was Leif(pronounced leaf).Since he was the second son,he wasnt given land to farm f
22、rom his father.Family farms went to the oldest sons.Leif wasnt sure what he wanted to do with his life.He decided to sail to Norway to look for work.Nine hundred common English words come from the Viking language.Some of the words are sky,skin,scrape,skirt,husband,bubble,and window.Leif Ericson is o
23、ne of the most famous explorers in history.Do You Know?Do You Know?Vikings Level T1516While in Norway,Leif heard a strange story.A trader said his ship had been caught in a bad storm.He had been blown far off his course.While trying to find his way back home,he got lost.He saw a coast that wasnt on
24、his map.He didnt know exactly where he had been.But the trader described the coast clearly.Leif Ericson bought the mans ship.He and a small crew sailed to find this mysterious coast.One day,they saw a place that looked like the coast the man talked about.They found vines with fruit growing there,so
25、they called the place Vinland.Today,no one knows exactly where Vinland was.But archaeologists have discovered a small Viking outpost in Newfoundland,Canada,that was settled at about this time.Leif and his crew built a house.They spent the winter in Vinland.On the way home the next year,they found a
26、wrecked trading ship.As a reward for saving the crew,Leif was given all the ships cargo.People started to call him Leif the Lucky.But after that adventure,Leif stayed home.Leif never went on another voyage.Two years later,his younger brother asked a favor.He wanted to borrow Leifs ship.He wanted to
27、see for himself this new land that Leif had found.Leifs brother and his crew explored the coast of Vinland for over two years.They used Leifs former winter house as a base.This stone was used as a mold to make both metal Christian crosses and the Hammer of Thor symbol(the center shape).Thor was a po
28、werful Viking god.Vikings Level T1718Some of their explorations were tragic.Their arrival frightened the native people.Small fights happened.But then,men from the ships crew killed several native fishermen without reason.Striking back a few days later,angry native men attacked a group of Vikings.In
29、the fight,Leifs brother was wounded by an arrow.He died there,and his body was buried in Vinland.He became the first European known to have died and been buried in North America.other VIkIng ConquestsFor about 275 years,the Vikings swept across Europe in wave after wave.Many were hungry to fight and
30、 greedy for riches.They built trade stations along European rivers all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.Viking explorers and raiders even traveled to the Middle East and Asia.The Vikings were very skilled.They could do many things well.They were great warriors,sailors,and explorers.Their conquests l
31、eft lasting marks on world history.They will always be remembered for their bravery and strength in battle as well as for their explorations of new lands.Wagons,furniture,horses,and foods were some of the items known to have been buried with their Viking owners.Vikings Level T1920glossaryarchaeologi
32、sts (n.)people who study ancient cultures(p.15)banished (v.)forced to leave(p.10)berserkers (n.)special Viking warriors who wore animal skins and fought recklessly in battle(p.7)conquered (v.)attacked another country or group and won control of the land(p.6)democracy (n.)a form of government that is
33、 run by the people through free and frequent elections(p.11)ideal (adj.)perfect;couldnt be better(p.12)mail (adj.)armor made from metal rings linked together(p.7)sagas (n.)stories written in Iceland during the Viking Age about heroes and their adventures(p.8)tImelIne In VIkIng hIstoryYear790sViking
34、raids in Europe,including Scotland and Ireland,begin793Viking raid on Lindisfarne monastery844Viking raids on Spain845Conquest of Hamburg and Paris8567,861Paris conquered by the Vikings870930Norse settlement in Iceland880sHarold Finehair attempts to unite Norway8856Siege of Paris902Vikings expelled
35、from Dublin911Foundation of Normandy by Viking chieftain Rollo912Viking raiders on the Caspian Sea917Refoundation of Viking Dublin930Foundation of the Icelandic Althing980sConversion of Russia985Eric the Red settles in Greenland1000Iceland converted to Christianity;voyages to Vinland1066Battle of Stamford Bridge,Battle of Hastings,Norman conquest of England106687William the Conqueror,king of England1091Norman conquest of SicilyEventsVikings Level T