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1、www.readinga-NQTWritten by Rose BrookerVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.A Landforms AdventureA Reading AZ Level Q Leveled BookWord Count:980A Landforms AdventureLEVELED BOOK Qwww.readinga-A Landforms AdventureA Landforms AdventureLevel Q Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Ros
2、e BrookerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Written by Rose BrookerCorrelationLEVEL QN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover,back cover:courtesy of Kait Thomas/NPS;title page:Bob Gibbons/;page 3(left):Lorraine Swanson/D;page 3(top right):OceanPhoto/FLPA/Minden Pictures;page 3(
3、bottom right):Steffen&Alexandra Sailer/;page 5:iStock/alxpin;page 6:Dorling Kindersley;page 7:Andreus/D;page 8(top):SumikoPhoto/iStock/Thinkstock;page 8(bottom):courtesy of Neal Herbert/NPS;page 9:Della Huff/Alamy;page 10:Joel Zatz/Alamy;pages 11,12(top),13(top),15(top),17(top):iStock/Leontura;page
4、12(bottom):Fred Hirschmann/Science Faction/Corbis;page 13(bottom):145/Jim Bushelle/Ocean/Corbis;page 14(top):Kwiktor/D;page 14(bottom):National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy;page 15(bottom):Vladislav Gajic/D;page 16(main):Brizardh/D;page 16(inset):Layne Kennedy/Corbis;page 17(bottom):Patti McCon
5、ville/Alamy;page 18:Joanne Murray/iStock/Thinkstock;page 19:courtesy of Google Maps/Google EarthFront cover:Hikers rest beneath Skyline Arch in Arches National Park,Utah.Title page:Hikers walk across the Wave,a rolling area of banded sandstone rock in Vermilion Cliffs National Monument,Arizona.Page
6、3:(left)A sandstone formation rises above the river in the Wisconsin Dells.(top right)The Chocolate Hills in the Philippines are thousands of hills worn down by erosion.(bottom right)Wind and sand erosion bored a hole in red sandstone rock.34Table of ContentsRoad Trip!.4In Class .5Getting Ready to L
7、eave .9On the Road .10One Landform to Go!.19Glossary .20Road Trip!I just found out that Im going on a road trip this summer!My parents and I are going all the way from Boston to Seattle.My class is studying landforms in school.Mom says were going to see some amazing landforms along the way!Major U.S
8、.LandformsKEYCANADAMEXICOROCKY MOUNTAINSGREAT PLAINSCENTRAL LOWLANDSLake MichiganLake SuperiorMississippi RiverMissouri RiverOhio RiverRio Grande RiverGULF OF MEXICOATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANLake HuronLake ErieLake OntarioCOLORADO PLATEAUBostonSeattleSONORAN DESERTMOJAVE DESERTCOLUMBIA PLATEAUCASCA
9、DE RANGECOAST RANGECENTRAL VALLEYSIERRA NEVADA RANGEOZARK PLATEAULake OkeechobeeGrand CanyonGreat Salt LakeGREAT LAKESEDWARDS PLATEAUBADLANDSMISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTAGULF COASTAL PLAINATLANTIC COASTAL PLAINAPPALACHIAN MOUNTAINSPlainsPlateausHillsMountainsGREAT BASIN DESERTCHIHUAHUAN DESERTA Landforms
10、Adventure Level Q34Table of ContentsRoad Trip!.4In Class .5Getting Ready to Leave .9On the Road .10One Landform to Go!.19Glossary .20Road Trip!I just found out that Im going on a road trip this summer!My parents and I are going all the way from Boston to Seattle.My class is studying landforms in sch
11、ool.Mom says were going to see some amazing landforms along the way!Major U.S.LandformsKEYCANADAMEXICOROCKY MOUNTAINSGREAT PLAINSCENTRAL LOWLANDSLake MichiganLake SuperiorMississippi RiverMissouri RiverOhio RiverRio Grande RiverGULF OF MEXICOATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANLake HuronLake ErieLake Ontario
12、COLORADO PLATEAUBostonSeattleSONORAN DESERTMOJAVE DESERTCOLUMBIA PLATEAUCASCADE RANGECOAST RANGECENTRAL VALLEYSIERRA NEVADA RANGEOZARK PLATEAULake OkeechobeeGrand CanyonGreat Salt LakeGREAT LAKESEDWARDS PLATEAUBADLANDSMISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTAGULF COASTAL PLAINATLANTIC COASTAL PLAINAPPALACHIAN MOUNTAI
13、NSPlainsPlateausHillsMountainsGREAT BASIN DESERTCHIHUAHUAN DESERTA Landforms Adventure Level Q56In ClassMy teacher,Mr.Lopez,explained that Earth has layers like a hard-boiled egg.Both have a shell thats thin and hard.Earths crust is broken in pieces,like a cracked eggshell.Earths mantle is like the
14、white of the egg.Earths core is in the center,like the egg yolk.We also learned that Earths crust is made up of huge pieces of rock called tectonic plates.The plates sit above soft,almost-melted rock and slowly slide around because of heat deep inside Earth.These movements are the most important und
15、erground forces that create landforms.The movement of the many separate pieces of Earths crust is one of the forces that create landforms.mantlecrustliquid outer coresolid inner coreInside EarthTry This!Look at a United States map that shows all the interstate highways.Notice that the main east-west
16、 routes have even numbers(I-90,I-80,I-70,and so on),and the main north-south routes have odd numbers(I-5,I-15,I-25,and so on).Choose an interstate other than I-90 and research its main landforms.Then write a story about a trip along that interstate.The“Puzzle Pieces”of Earths CrustNorth American Pla
17、teEurasian PlatePacific PlateAntarctic PlateIndo-Australian PlateAfrican PlateSouth American PlateIndian PlatePacific PlateA Landforms Adventure Level Q56In ClassMy teacher,Mr.Lopez,explained that Earth has layers like a hard-boiled egg.Both have a shell thats thin and hard.Earths crust is broken in
18、 pieces,like a cracked eggshell.Earths mantle is like the white of the egg.Earths core is in the center,like the egg yolk.We also learned that Earths crust is made up of huge pieces of rock called tectonic plates.The plates sit above soft,almost-melted rock and slowly slide around because of heat de
19、ep inside Earth.These movements are the most important underground forces that create landforms.The movement of the many separate pieces of Earths crust is one of the forces that create landforms.mantlecrustliquid outer coresolid inner coreInside EarthTry This!Look at a United States map that shows
20、all the interstate highways.Notice that the main east-west routes have even numbers(I-90,I-80,I-70,and so on),and the main north-south routes have odd numbers(I-5,I-15,I-25,and so on).Choose an interstate other than I-90 and research its main landforms.Then write a story about a trip along that inte
21、rstate.The“Puzzle Pieces”of Earths CrustNorth American PlateEurasian PlatePacific PlateAntarctic PlateIndo-Australian PlateAfrican PlateSouth American PlateIndian PlatePacific PlateA Landforms Adventure Level Q78Mr.Lopez also explained that Earths surface is always changing.He said that some changes
22、 take place slowly,while others happen really fast.Both types can change existing landforms and create new ones.Sometimes small areas high in the mantle get hot enough to melt and become magma.This melted rock can push up and erupt at the surface as lava.As lava cools and hardens,it can build up and
23、 form a volcano,which is a type of mountain.As tectonic plates and magma change Earth under the ground,other things are happening on the surface.Weathering breaks down rock and shapes it.Erosion carries away the pieces that have broken off,called sediments,and later deposits them.Wind,water,and ice
24、are the main tools of weathering and erosion.Mr.Lopez handed out a list of different landforms.Im going to take the list on my trip and try to see them all!volcanoocean plate moves under land plateheat causes mantle to moveHow Coastal Volcanoes Formocean plateland plateErosion from water and wind ca
25、rved the Grand Canyon.Weathering formed this rock arch.mantleheat from the ocean plate moving under the land plate causes magma to formA Landforms Adventure Level Q78Mr.Lopez also explained that Earths surface is always changing.He said that some changes take place slowly,while others happen really
26、fast.Both types can change existing landforms and create new ones.Sometimes small areas high in the mantle get hot enough to melt and become magma.This melted rock can push up and erupt at the surface as lava.As lava cools and hardens,it can build up and form a volcano,which is a type of mountain.As
27、 tectonic plates and magma change Earth under the ground,other things are happening on the surface.Weathering breaks down rock and shapes it.Erosion carries away the pieces that have broken off,called sediments,and later deposits them.Wind,water,and ice are the main tools of weathering and erosion.M
28、r.Lopez handed out a list of different landforms.Im going to take the list on my trip and try to see them all!volcanoocean plate moves under land plateheat causes mantle to moveHow Coastal Volcanoes Formocean plateland plateErosion from water and wind carved the Grand Canyon.Weathering formed this r
29、ock arch.mantleheat from the ocean plate moving under the land plate causes magma to formA Landforms Adventure Level Q910Getting Ready to LeaveMr.Lopezs list includes some landforms here in Boston.Mom and I start at Castle Island,in Boston Harbor.Its not really an island since its not surrounded by
30、water on all sides.Its connected to the mainland on one side,which makes it a peninsula.You can see a bunch of islands from there,though.Boston Harbor is part of Massachusetts Bay,an area of water connected to the Atlantic Ocean.Boston is on the east coast of the North American continent,an incredib
31、ly huge piece of land.On the RoadOnce we start driving west,the hills and valleys grow larger,and we seem to be climbing higher.Dad says well soon be in some mountains,but I dont see any tall mountains.Dad explains that because the mountains are very old,erosion has worn them down to big hills.The B
32、erkshires look more like big hills than what I think of as mountains.My mom and I saw these islands in Boston Harbor.RharborR islandRpeninsulaRmountainRplateauR hillA Landforms Adventure Level Q910Getting Ready to LeaveMr.Lopezs list includes some landforms here in Boston.Mom and I start at Castle I
33、sland,in Boston Harbor.Its not really an island since its not surrounded by water on all sides.Its connected to the mainland on one side,which makes it a peninsula.You can see a bunch of islands from there,though.Boston Harbor is part of Massachusetts Bay,an area of water connected to the Atlantic O
34、cean.Boston is on the east coast of the North American continent,an incredibly huge piece of land.On the RoadOnce we start driving west,the hills and valleys grow larger,and we seem to be climbing higher.Dad says well soon be in some mountains,but I dont see any tall mountains.Dad explains that beca
35、use the mountains are very old,erosion has worn them down to big hills.The Berkshires look more like big hills than what I think of as mountains.My mom and I saw these islands in Boston Harbor.RharborR islandRpeninsulaRmountainRplateauR hillA Landforms Adventure Level Q1112Across New York State,the
36、land is low and hilly in some places and higher in other places.Dad says the higher places are part of a huge,high area of land called a plateau(pla-TOH).The high land built up over time from sediments deposited as a result of erosion.After stopping overnight,we continue west.The land is much lower
37、and flatter as we drive along the south shore of Lake Erie.Lake Erie is one of the Great Lakes.A glacier carved the Great Lakes about fourteen thousand years ago.Theyre Earths largest group of freshwater lakes.Mom says well see another one of the Great LakesLake Michiganwhen we get near Chicago.Lake
38、 Erie is much too wide to see across to the other side.Do You Know?The largest plateau in North America is the Colorado Plateau,which is in parts of Colorado,Utah,Arizona,and New Mexico.R lakeBuffaloKEYPlainsPlateausHillsMountainsNew YorkCATSKILLSALLEGHENY PLATEAUADIRONDACK MOUNTAINSPennsylvaniaCANA
39、DABostonChicagoBuffaloMichiganNew YorkPennsylvaniaOhioWisconsinCANADALake ErieOhio RiverIndianaIllinoisLake MichiganA Landforms Adventure Level Q1112Across New York State,the land is low and hilly in some places and higher in other places.Dad says the higher places are part of a huge,high area of la
40、nd called a plateau(pla-TOH).The high land built up over time from sediments deposited as a result of erosion.After stopping overnight,we continue west.The land is much lower and flatter as we drive along the south shore of Lake Erie.Lake Erie is one of the Great Lakes.A glacier carved the Great Lak
41、es about fourteen thousand years ago.Theyre Earths largest group of freshwater lakes.Mom says well see another one of the Great LakesLake Michiganwhen we get near Chicago.Lake Erie is much too wide to see across to the other side.Do You Know?The largest plateau in North America is the Colorado Plate
42、au,which is in parts of Colorado,Utah,Arizona,and New Mexico.R lakeBuffaloKEYPlainsPlateausHillsMountainsNew YorkCATSKILLSALLEGHENY PLATEAUADIRONDACK MOUNTAINSPennsylvaniaCANADABostonChicagoBuffaloMichiganNew YorkPennsylvaniaOhioWisconsinCANADALake ErieOhio RiverIndianaIllinoisLake MichiganA Landfor
43、ms Adventure Level Q1314After driving for a while,we stop to see the Wisconsin Dells.The Dells is a gorgea steep,narrow valleythat was carved by the Wisconsin River.Along its sides are canyons,which are similar to gorges but not as steep or narrow.Now it wont be long until we see the Mississippi Riv
44、er,one of the longest rivers in the world.This part of the Mississippi was mainly carved by glaciers.R isthmusWe stay overnight in Chicago and then get back on the road.After entering Wisconsin,we drive past the capital city of Madison.Downtown Madison sits on an isthmus (IS-muhs),a narrow strip of
45、land between two bodies of water.I grin and check it off my list.Wisconsin DellsMississippi RiverR riverR gorgeLake MendotaLake MononaDowntown MadisonisthmusWisconsins state capitol building is on Madisons isthmus.WisconsinA Landforms Adventure Level Q1314After driving for a while,we stop to see the
46、 Wisconsin Dells.The Dells is a gorgea steep,narrow valleythat was carved by the Wisconsin River.Along its sides are canyons,which are similar to gorges but not as steep or narrow.Now it wont be long until we see the Mississippi River,one of the longest rivers in the world.This part of the Mississip
47、pi was mainly carved by glaciers.R isthmusWe stay overnight in Chicago and then get back on the road.After entering Wisconsin,we drive past the capital city of Madison.Downtown Madison sits on an isthmus (IS-muhs),a narrow strip of land between two bodies of water.I grin and check it off my list.Wis
48、consin DellsMississippi RiverR riverR gorgeLake MendotaLake MononaDowntown MadisonisthmusWisconsins state capitol building is on Madisons isthmus.WisconsinA Landforms Adventure Level Q1516We stop overnight in western Minnesota and drive into South Dakota the next morning.Its pretty flat until we get
49、 near Badlands National Park.We hike in the park and see some amazing rock formations.After an overnight stay,we drive through a corner of Wyoming and pass the Bighorn Mountains on our left.Some of the mountains have snow,but Mom says even bigger mountains are still to come.Badlands National Parks r
50、ock formations were created by deposited sediments along with wind and water erosion.The park has many fossils such as this skull(inset)of a mammal that lived 38 to 16 million years ago.We just crossed the Mississippi!Soon well officially be in the Great Plains.I learned in school that a plain is a