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1、LEVELED READER ALEVELED READER ZThe ApachesA Reading AZ Level Z Leveled BookWord Count:2,717Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-Written by David L.DreierIllustrated by Kathie KelleherThe ApachesLEVELED READER ALEVELED BOOK ZThe ApachesA Reading AZ Level Z Leveled Bo
2、okWord Count:2,717The ApachesLevel Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David L.DreierIllustrated by Kathie KelleherAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Title page:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-USZ62-48207;page 17:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 23:Joanna B.Pinneo/Aurora Photos
3、Editors Note:During the time this story is set,many people,including Native Americans,called Native Americans“Indians.”Today,the terms Native Americans,American Indians,or First Nations refers more generally to the many different people indigenous to North America.Title page:Nearly 20 million people
4、 attended the 1904 Worlds Fair in St.Louis,Missouri,with about 100,000 visiting each day.This photograph shows the fairs midway,called The Pike.Read other books in Reading AZs Native Americans series:The Algonquins,Level XThe Cherokees,Level ZThe Cheyennes,Level ZThe Haidas,Level YThe ApachesWritten
5、 by David L.DreierIllustrated by Kathie Kelleherwww.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAThe Apaches Level Z 34Table of ContentsThe Apache Village .4The Early Days of the Apaches .8Goyathlay Becomes Geronimo .11Cochises War .14Geronimos Desperate Resistance .16Prisoner
6、s of War .19An Honorary Apache .20Afterword .23Glossary .24The Apache VillageTo a twelve-year-old boy from rural Missouri,the 1904 St.Louis Worlds Fair was a spectacle almost beyond belief.As he passed through the entryway with his parents,young Tom Richards gazed above him.“The Louisiana Purchase E
7、xposition,”he said,reading the official name of the fair.It had been 101 years since the United States had obtained the huge territory of Louisiana from France.The fair celebrated a century of progress since that timea century in which the entire American continent had been settled.It was a warm Sep
8、tember evening.As the sky darkened,the fair glowed with electric light.On a huge lagoon at the center of the fairground,boats glided by,filled with laughing people.Tom felt as though he was in an earthly paradise.Never had he seen so many beckoning attractions.United StatesPACIFIC OCEANCanada(As com
9、pared to the current United States)MexicoApacheApacheApache Territorycirca 1700s1800sThe Apaches Level Z 56“Well,”said Mr.Richards,as they walked along a crowded promenade,“what should we see first?How about the Palace of Machinery?”His wife consulted a map of the fair.“Well,were closer to the Palac
10、e of Education.”Mr.Richards shrugged.Mrs.Richards looked down at Tom.“What do you think,Tom?”The boy wasnt particularly interested in either of those suggestions.He wanted to see something exciting.As he looked around,he spied an attraction that caused his eyes to widen.“There,thats where I want to
11、go!”he said,pointing to a colorful entrance on the Pike where cultures from around the world could be seen.“The Apache Village!”A banner above the entrance promised,“WILD INDIANS!Have your picture taken with the infamous CHIEF GERONIMO25 cents!Autographs just 10 cents!”Toms mother was not enthused.“
12、I think we should see something more .educational,”she said.Toms face dropped with disappointment.Toms father stepped in to settle the disagreement.“Listen,your mother and I will visit the uplifting Palace of Education,and you will go see the Apaches.”Ignoring his wifes disapproving glare,he handed
13、Tom some money.“Well meet you back here in an houreight oclock sharp.”Tom nodded happily,and before there could be any further discussion on the matter,Tom was off to the Apache Village.At the buildings entrance,Tom bought a 25-cent ticket and passed through the admission gate.Inside,there was a re-
14、creation of an Apache settlement.Apache men and women in full tribal dress went about village life.In front of dome-shaped dwellings called wickiups,the women sewed buckskins or tended to pots of food simmering over small fires.A few men sat on buffalo robes making arrows,while others groomed their
15、horses.The Apaches Level Z 78 Toms attention was drawn to one of the wickiups on the far side of the village exhibit.There,several dozen people were lined up at a small table.At the table,an old Apache man sat writing with a pencil.Two armed guards stood nearby.“Wow!”Tom exclaimed.“That must be Gero
16、nimo!”“It is indeed,”said a mans voice.Tom looked around.A well-dressed gentleman about forty years old smiled down at the boy.On his lapel was a badge that said,“Official Guide.”He extended his hand to Tom.“John Collins,”he said.Tom took the mans hand and shook it.“Im Tom Richards.”“Glad to meet yo
17、u,Tom.Welcome to the fair.How would you like to learn about Geronimo and the history of the Apaches?”“Sure!”said Tom.“But I have to meet my parents in less than an hour.”“Well,then,”said Mr.Collins,“I guess wed better get started.”The Early Days of the ApachesTom couldnt take his eyes off Geronimo.“
18、How come he has those guards standing near him?”he asked.“Because hes a prisoner of war,”said the guide.“Has been for close to twenty years now.But well get to his story in a minute.First,lets talk about his ancestorsthe early Apaches.”Mr.Collins led Tom to a wall of illustrations and photographs.Mr
19、.Collins stopped at a map of North America.“The Apache people originally lived up in Canada.Then,sometime after the year 1000,they started moving south along the east side of the Rocky Mountains.”He ran his finger down the map.“By the 1400s,they were living in what is now Texas and eastern New Mexic
20、o.They numbered about 5,000.“The Apaches called themselves the Indaythe People.The name Apache comes from a Zuni Indian word,apachu,which meant enemy.Obviously,the Zunis didnt care much for them,eh?”Mr.Collins took Tom to the next illustration.It was a painting of some men on horseback wearing stran
21、ge-looking metal helmets and armor.“These are Spanish soldiers,”the guide said.The Apaches Level Z 910“Life started changing in a major way for the Apaches and other native peoples when the Spanish began settling in the Americas in the 1500s.The Spanish brought horses with them.Indians had never see
22、n horses before.They were afraid of them at first,but they soon obtained horses from the Spaniards and became expert riders.The Apaches were among the first native people to use horses.“The horse transformed the lives of Indians throughout central North America.It enabled them to become nomads.They
23、began to move far and wide hunting buffaloes and other animals.Some Apaches did a bit of farming,but most of them were strictly hunters.”The next illustration showed a Spanish mission.“Life changed in other ways,too,”Mr.Collins said.“Spanish settlers began moving into the Southwest in the 1600s and
24、establishing towns and Catholic missions.The Apaches didnt want the Spanish taking their land,and they didnt want to become mission Indians.This was the beginning of nearly 300 years of almost continual warfare between the Apaches and people they considered invaders.First it was the Spanish,then the
25、 Mexicans,and finally the Americans.”“Did they fight other Indians,too?”Tom asked.“Oh,yes,”the guide answered with a sad smile.“I dont think there was ever a tribe that didnt fight other tribes.One of the Apaches main enemies was the Comanches.In the 1700s,the Comanches in Texas pushed many of the A
26、paches farther west.Those Apaches began settling in western New Mexico and in Arizona.”The Apaches Level Z 1112Goyathlay Becomes GeronimoThere was a bright flash of light from the opposite side of the room.Tom looked around,startled.He saw Geronimo standing next to a young man in front of a large ca
27、mera on a tripod.A photographer was holding a smoking tray mounted on a handle.“Flash powder,”the guide said.“Lights everything up so you can take a picture inside.”“I want to have my picture taken with Geronimo,”Tom said.“I have the money.”He pulled a quarter from his pocket and held it up.“Well,th
28、eres still a line.But while youre waiting,lets talk about Geronimo.Were coming to his part of the story now.”Mr.Collins led Tom to another picture.“This shows how Geronimo might have looked as a young man,”he said.“He was called Goyathlay,which means He Who Yawns.Funny name,huh?Not too scary.This sh
29、ows him in 1858,when he was about twenty-nine.”“By 1858,the Spanish were long gone,”Mr.Collins said.“Mexico was an independent nation,and the Southwest was made up of states and territories of the United States.Goyathlay was a member of the Chiricahuas(chir-ih-KAH-wuz),a group of Apaches that lived
30、mostly in the territory that would become Arizona.“The Chiricahuas were pretty much at peace with everyone at that time.They sometimes made trips into Mexico to trade with the Mexicans.On one of those trips,Goyathlay came back to his camp and found that Mexican soldiers had murdered his mother,wife,
31、and three children.“From that moment on,Goyathlay had a vicious hatred of Mexicans.He wanted revenge.But he was a religious man,so he went up into the mountains to pray and meditate.“As he stared up at the starry sky,Goyathlay The Apaches Level Z 1314Cochises WarMr.Collins showed Tom a picture of an
32、other Apache leader.“This is Cochise,”he said.“Although Geronimo was making a name for himself,it was Cochise who was the chief of the Chiricahuas.And he was keeping the peace with the Americans.“Then in 1861,a young army lieutenant named George Bascom did a really stupid thing.He accused Cochise of
33、 a crime he didnt commit and tried to arrest him.Cochise escaped but was wounded.Three of Cochises male relatives who were being held by the army as hostages were hanged.Mr.Collins shook his head in dismay.“As a result of that tragic incident,Cochise went on the warpath against the Americans.For the
34、 next ten years,his Chiricahuas attacked settlers and wagon trains and fought battles with the United States army.”heard a message:No gun can ever kill you.I will take the bullets from the guns of the Mexicans.”“That message from the Apache god,Usen,gave Goyathlay unlimited courage,”said Mr.Collins.
35、“He led bands of Apaches in frequent raids across the Mexican border.He absolutely terrorized the Mexican soldiers .”Tom pictured the scene in his mind:Seeing the implacable hatred in the eyes of the attacking Apaches,the Mexican troops dropped to their knees and wailed,“San Geronimo!San Geronimo!”B
36、ut their cries did them no good.The Apaches killed them without mercy.“San Geronimothats Spanish for Saint Jerome,their patron saint.Goyathlay took the name for himself.He became Geronimo.”Apache ReligionThe Apaches believed in a god of the universe,whom they called Usenthe One Who Knows.They also b
37、elieved in spirits that dwelled in the mountains.They thought those spirits had taught their ancestors how to live.The Apaches believed in life after death,but Geronimo said he had no idea what the afterlife would be like.The Apaches Level Z 1516Geronimos Desperate Resistance“Well,back to Geronimo,”
38、said Mr.Collins.He took Tom to another picture,this one of Geronimo kneeling with his rifle.“This is the Geronimo who made Americans and Mexicans shake with fear.This photo was taken later in his life,after he had been captured for the last time.But he still looked fierce,didnt he?”“He sure did,”Tom
39、 agreed.“When Cochise surrendered to Howard,all the Chiricahuasincluding Geronimowent to live on the Apache reservation.It had been established exactly where Cochise had requested.But that was valuable land,and lots of white people wanted it.So what do you suppose happened?”“The army was determined
40、to end the Apache uprising,”the guide related.“In 1871,the army sent General George Crook to capture Cochise and his warriors.General Crook was an experienced Indian fighter,and he was determined to capture Cochise.But another army officer,General Oliver Otis Howard,beat him to it.“In September 1871
41、,Cochise met Howard in the mountains of Arizona.Cochise was now sixty years old,and he was tired of fighting.He said he would surrender if the Chiricahuas could have a reservation in their homeland in southeastern Arizona.General Howard consented to that request,and Cochise agreed to settle his peop
42、le on the reservation.So that ended Cochises war.”The Apaches Level Z 1718Tom took a guess.“The Chiricahuas got moved someplace else.”“You are correct,”said the guide.“Yes,after Cochise died in 1874,the government forced the Chiricahuas to move to the San Carlos Reservation.It was a terrible place o
43、ut in the desert.”Mr.Collins took out a pocket watch.“When do you have to meet your parents?”“At eight oclock,”Tom said.“Good,you have another fifteen minutes to spend,and were already nearing the end of the story.”He put the watch back in his pocket.“Sowhere were we?San Carlos.Several tribes of Apa
44、ches had been sent to that god-forsaken reservation.Most of them no longer had any fight left in them.But the Chiricahuas still had plenty of fight.They decided they would rather die in battle than waste away on a dry,scorching reservation.So Geronimo and some other Chiricahua leaders escaped with t
45、heir followers and returned to the mountains.That was the start of a new round of warfare and terror.“The army pursued the Apaches relentlessly.Geronimo was taken back twice to the San Carlos Reservation,but each time he escaped.”“So how did it finally end?”Tom asked.“Quietly,”said Mr.Collins.“Both
46、the U.S.and Mexican armies were looking for Geronimo.In September 1886,an American general named Nelson A.Miles cornered Geronimo and his small band of Chiricahuas.They found them in a place called Skeleton Canyon in southern Arizona.Geronimo met with one of the generals junior officers,Lieutenant C
47、harles Gatewood.”Tom again pictured the scene in his mind:Worn out from years of fighting,Geronimo laid down his rifle and shook Lieutenant Gatewoods hand.He asked the lieutenant about his fellow Chiricahuas in other renegade bandshow were they faring?“The ones who have surrendered have been sent to
48、 Florida,”said Gatewood.“And that is where you will be sent as well.Im sorry.”Geronimo nodded.He knew that this was the end.“Geronimo and his people had fought desperately to preserve their way of life.But they had lost.It was his final surrender.”San Carlos Reservation SchoolThe Apaches Level Z 192
49、0An Honorary ApacheTom looked over at Geronimo.The crowd of people was gone.And to Toms dismay,the photographer was taking his camera down.“Oh,no!”he cried.“Youd better run,”Mr.Collins said.Tom thanked the guide for his history lesson,and then he dashed across the room.“Hey,wait!”he said.“I want to
50、have a picture taken!”The photographer continued to dismantle his equipment.“Sorry,kid.Gotta go.Come back some other time.”Tom wouldnt budge.“No!I may not be able to come back!Come on!”The photographer rolled his eyes.“All right,all right.”A minute later,Tom was standing with Geronimo in front of a