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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.GolfA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,594WritingChoose and research to learn about one winner of the Masters Golf Tournament.Write a biography of that person.MathChoose five countries from the Countries with the Most Golf Courses c
2、hart in the book and research their populations.Compare the populations with the number of golf courses.For each country,create a ratio showing the number of people to every golf course.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Kira FreedGolfLEVELED BOOK YLEVELED BOOK Ywww.readinga-What makes golf a popula
3、r sport?Focus QuestionWritten by Kira FreedGolfGolfSpectacular Sports Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.readinga-amateursdurabilityendorsementsetiquettefocusmechanicsprestigeprofessionalpropellingsimulatorstournamentuniqueWords to KnowFront cover:A golfer p
4、utting on a green near the oceanTitle page:A golf club(wood)on a teeing greenPage 3:A boy follows a balls path with his eyes.Photo Credits:Front cover: Hill Photographic/Alamy;back cover:Brandon Tucker/D;title page:Goodshoot/Goodshoot/Thinkstock;page 3:Yusuke Nakanishi/Aflo/Corbis;page 4(left):Lou K
5、rasky/AP Images;page 4(right):Joe Benton,File/AP Images;page 7(top):Asplosh/D;page 7(bottom):Igor Skrynnikov/Hemera/Thinkstock;page 8:Adrian Sawvel/Hemera/Thinkstock;page 9:Lewis Wright/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10:David Zanzinger/Alamy Stock Photo;page 11(left,center,right):Gerard Brown/DK Images;page
6、 12:Denis Iachimovschi/123RF;page 13(left):TongRo Images/TongRo Images/Thinkstock;page 13(right):Creatas/Creatas/Thinkstock;page 14(left):George Tiedemann/Corbis;page 14(center):Bettmann/Corbis;page 14(bottom):Andy Altenburger/Icon SMI/CorbisCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3
7、Golf Level YTable of ContentsThe Greatest Chip .4Amateurs and Professionals .5Golf Around the World .6The Birth of Golf .7Playing the Game .9Golf Legends .14Unusual Hazards .15Glossary .164Larry Mizes winning shot in the 1987 Masters Tournament has been described as the greatest chip in golf history
8、.The Greatest ChipIts the final day of the 1987 Masters Tournament at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta,Georgia.Larry Mize,a relative newcomer,has a challenge in front of himhe has to hit his ball over a patch of tall grass and onto the putting green.He takes a few calming practice swings before
9、 hitting a flawless chip shot,propelling the ball in an arc over the tall grass.The ball bounces a few times before rolling onto the putting green and directly into the coveted hole.Larry Mize wins the tournament!The crowd goes wild!At first glance,observers of golf may think that whacking a ball in
10、to a hole in the ground is a fairly simple task,but nothing could be further from the truth.To excel at golf,players need patience,balance,focus,and abundant practice.5Golf Level YAmateurs and ProfessionalsMore than sixty million amateurs around the world enjoy golf for recreation.An estimated 23 mi
11、llion Americans were playing the sport in 2013,practicing on private or public golf courses across the country.Some golf courses can be expensive,but there are also plenty of affordable public courses.Beginners can also find junior or collegiate golf programs,which offer young people opportunities t
12、o learn,practice,or compete.A small number of professional golfers compete full-time in tournaments and earn their income from prize money and endorsements.Top mens pro golfers compete in the U.S.-based Professional Golfers Association(PGA)Tour as well as the European Tour,the Japan Golf Tour,and se
13、veral others.Top womens pro golfers from around the world compete in the U.S.-based Ladies Professional Golf Association(LPGA)Tour.The Champions Tour is a mens tournament for pro golfers over age fifty,while the Legends Tour is for female pros over forty-five.In addition,mens and womens golf each ha
14、ve several top professional tournaments,called majors.Winning a tour or a major brings prestige as well as money.Most professional golfers earn a living by teaching golf or operating golf courses or clubs.6PACIFIC OCEANATLANTIC OCEANINDIAN OCEAN14729610835Countries with the Most Golf Courses Countri
15、es with the Most Golf Courses 1.United States(17,672)2.United Kingdom(2,752)3.Japan(2,442)4.Canada(2,300)5.Australia(1,500)6.Germany(684)7.France(559)8.China(500)9.Sweden(480)10.South Africa(450)Countries and Numbers of Golf CoursesGolf Around the World People play golf in more than 130 countries ar
16、ound the world,but it is especially popular in the United States,Great Britain,and Japan.The United States has more golf courses by far than any other country.However,when you compare each countrys population with the number of golf courses it has,Scotland has the most,followed by New Zealand,Austra
17、lia,and Ireland.In addition to outdoor courses,many locations have indoor digital golf simulators where golfers can improve their skills.7The dimpled surface on golf balls became a standard feature in the 1940s.The dimples help a balls fly higher and farther.Golf Level YThe Birth of GolfModern golf
18、began in Scotland in the 1400s.The sport probably migrated to England in the early 1600s and spread to Australia,India,and other British colonies soon after.By the late 1800s,golf had become popular around the world.Some historians think the first golf balls were made of wood.They were replaced in t
19、he early 1600s by feather-filled leather balls“featheries”which were costly and easily damaged.Golfers used clubs with wooden heads to reduce the damage to balls,but the high cost of featheries prevented most people from playing golf.In 1848,manufacturers invented a rubbery type of ball,the“gutty,”u
20、sing dried,heat-molded tree sap.More people began to play because the balls were more affordable,and their increased durability allowed golfers to begin using iron-headed clubs.Modern rubber-core balls wrapped in rubber thread first appeared in 1898 and were popular because they flew farther.feather
21、y golf ballnew ball8teeing groundfairwayputting green(“green”for short)fringe an area around the green that has longer grasshole marked with a flagstickrough an area that has trees,shrubs,and long grassbunker a shallow depression in the ground that is usually filled with sand;it usually has some typ
22、e of barrier or“lip”that makes it harder for golfers to hit the ballwater hazardGolf HoleGolf Hole9Golf Level YPlaying the GameGolf requires calculation and concentration.Golfers hit a small,hard ball with different kinds of sticks,or clubs.The goal of the game is to move the ball great distances th
23、rough the air,and then shorter distances on the ground,into a small hole in the ground with the fewest strokes,or hits.Golfers play on a golf course,which is a large area of land that is carefully mowed and trimmed to define the sections of each hole.The sport of golf uses the word hole in two diffe
24、rent ways.One type of hole is the small hole into which golfers hit the ball;the other is each of the nine or eighteen sections of the course.Each section,or hole,has a teeing ground,where golfers often place the ball on a small peg,called a tee,to hit it toward the hole.The fairway is the long stre
25、tch of grass over which the ball travels on its way to the hole.The area right around the hole is the putting green,or simply the green.Because of the long distance from the tee to the holebetween 100 and 600 yards(91549 m)it usually takes several strokes to get the ball there.Wooden tees pushed int
26、o the ground steady golf balls on the teeing green.10This hole is almost surrounded by water and rough,with a large bunker as well.Other holes might have fewer hazards.bunkerwater hazardroughTo make the game more challenging,most sections of the golf course have hazardsvarious types of obstacles tha
27、t golfers try to avoid.Getting a ball out of a hazard may require extra strokes,which is bad for a golfers game.The two main types of hazards are bunkers and water hazards.Each of a golf courses holes also has a roughan outer area that often has longer grass as well as shrubs and trees.Getting the b
28、all out of the rough is more difficult because the less manicured grass makes it harder to hit the ball cleanly,and the shrubs and trees can interfere with a shot.A golf game usually involves playing eighteen holes,so its common for golf courses to have eighteen holes with unique layouts.On golf cou
29、rses with only nine holes,golfers sometimes play the entire course twice.11A golf swing has three parts:backswing,downswing,and upswing.A good golf swing requires careful attention to many different factors.backswingdownswingupswingGolf Level YEach hole is given a rating,called the par,based on the
30、distance of the hole from the tee placement.Par is the ideal number of strokes needed to get the ball into the hole.Most holes are rated three,four,or five par,and great golfers sometimes use even fewer strokes.Adding up par for all eighteen holes yields a score called par for the course.A typical c
31、ourse has a par of seventy-two strokes.At the end of a game,golfers who play togetherusually in a group of two to fourcompare their totals for the entire course,and the person with the lowest score wins.Golfers can also play alone to practice the mechanics of their swing and improve their score agai
32、nst par or over their earlier scores on the same course.12There are four main types of clubs.Golfers use:irons for shorter shots woods/fairway metals to hit the ball long distances wedges for short,high shots or to get the ball out of the sand putters to roll the ball once it is on the greenThe firs
33、t three types have numerous clubs with heads of different shapes that affect how high the ball goes.Golf ClubsGolf ClubsironwoodwedgeputterIn golf,the score is calculated by comparing the number of strokes to par.A score of one stroke over par on a hole is a bogey,and two strokes over par is a doubl
34、e bogey.A score of one stroke under par is a birdie,and two strokes under par is an eagle.If a golfer hits a single perfect shot the entire distance from the teeing ground to the hole,its a hole in one and a cause for celebration.It can take between three and five hours to play a round of golf,or ei
35、ghteen holes.People who golf recreationally often ride the course in golf carts,while professional golfers are required to walk the entire course as they move from one hole to the next.Helpers called caddies carry their clubs.13Golfers wear loose clothing that allows them to move,a glove to help the
36、m grip clubs,and shoes with spikes.Golf Level YCourse etiquette is an important part of the game.Golfers respect the level of concentration it takes to make a good shot.They are careful not to distract other golfers with loud conversation or noise,and they stand back whenever someone is getting read
37、y to take a swing.If a golfer sees that an airborne ball he or she has hit is flying toward another person or group on the course,the golfer yells“Fore!”to warn them to watch out.Another aspect of course etiquette is replacing divotschunks of grass knocked loose by a golf club.Courteous golfers make
38、 sure they leave the golf course in good condition for the next players.14Golf LegendsJack Nicklaus,nicknamed the“Golden Bear,”is generally considered the greatest golfer in the history of the sport.During his professional career,from 1961 to 2005,he won over one hundred competitions,including a rec
39、ord-setting six Masters Tournaments among a total of eighteen majors.Patty Bergs professional golfing career began in 1940,after she had already won twenty-nine amateur titles.As a professional,she won an impressive sixty tournaments and fifteen major titles,and as one of the founders of the LPGA an
40、d its first president,she helped open doors for women in professional golf.Eldrick Tont“Tiger”Woods is considered by many to be one of the greatest golfers currently playing.His talents were evident by the time he was eight,and he became a professional golfer in 1996 at the age of twenty.The followi
41、ng year,he won the Masters Tournament,becoming the youngest man to earn the title.He currently has more career victories on the PGA Tour than any other active player.Jack NicklausPatty BergTiger Woods15The 2008 Womens World Cup in South Africa was interrupted by baboons.Golf Level YUnusual HazardsGo
42、lfers are aware of bunkers and ponds,but sometimes they encounter unexpected hazards as well.A baboon ran down a fairway at the 2014 Nedbank Challenge in South Africa,and a herd of kangaroos hopped around the course during the 2013 Womens Australian Open.No doubt the most unusual setting ever was .t
43、he Moon!Astronaut Alan Shepard went to the Moon in 1971 and hit a few golf balls while he was there.Few players will ever experience golfing on the Moon or with baboons,but the ancient sport of golf is available to anyone with a club and a golf ball.With lots of practice,young players will learn wha
44、t millions of golfers and at least one astronaut already know:golf is out of this world!16Glossaryamateurs(n.)people who do activities for fun or as hobbies instead of as professions(p.5)durability(n.)strength;the ability to last for a long time(p.7)endorsements(n.)paid statements of approval or sup
45、port for products or services(p.5)etiquette(n.)the rules of polite behavior in a society or among members of a group(p.13)focus(n.)concentrated attention(p.4)mechanics(n.)the details of how something operates(p.11)prestige(n.)a level of high standing or respect (p.5)professional(adj.)earning money f
46、or taking part in an activity rather than doing it purely for pleasure(p.5)propelling(v.)pushing somebody or something forward(p.4)simulators(n.)machines that model or imitate the appearance or condition of something,usually for training or practice(p.6)tournament(n.)series of games or competitions to determine final champions(p.4)unique(adj.)one of a kind;unlike others(p.10)