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1、辅导讲义学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级： 辅导科目： 授课日期时 间A / B / C / D / E / F 段主 题时态与语态学习目标1、掌握常见时态和语态的基本用法；2、时态和语态结合在一起的考查。教学内容处理上次课课后巩固作业及预习思考内容。1、 上次课后巩固作业复习； 2、 互动探索本节课我们将复习时态和语态的相关用法。请大家根据下面的时态轴来总结和归纳一下高中阶段所遇到的各种时态。教学建议：1、根据上节课预习思考的要求，让学生对自己所总结到的时态进行分享；2、老师引导学生进行状语从句的总结梳理，从而引出今天的话题时态和语态。时态【知识梳理1】一般现在时用法1.表示人、事物的现在状况特
2、点或日常生活中习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time，on Sundays等时间状语；2.表示客观规律和永恒真理；3.在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day；条件：if, unless, provided, so/as long as。4.用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。【例题精讲】例1. Around two oc
3、lock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.(2013湖南高考) 每晚两点左右，休就开始说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。例2. I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。例3. As long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时
4、候做完试验。例4. Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。【巩固练习】1.(2016新课标全国)“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step _.”Ahas shown Bis showing Cshows Dshowed2.(2016北京)In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the “r” sounds at the end of the words _.Aare dropped Bdrop Care being d
5、ropped Dhave dropped3.(2016重庆)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _now.Aremains Bis remained Cis remaining Dhas been remained4.(2016辽宁)I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done答案
6、：CAAB【知识梳理2】现在进行时1构成：am/is/aredoing。表示此刻或当前阶段正在发生的动作或进行的事，常与now, these days, this week等时间状语连用。2现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do等。3表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time 等连用。【
7、例题精讲】例1. Hurry up, kids！The school bus is waiting for us！孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！例2. I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我不真正在这里上班，我只是来帮忙，直到新秘书来了(我就走)。例3.“The moment is coming soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。例4. He is always m
8、aking the same mistake, which makes his teacher upset. 他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的老师生气。【巩固练习】1. Food supplies in the flood stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.Ahave run outBare running out Chave been run out Dare being run out答案：B【知识梳理3】一般将来时1构成：will/shall/be going to动词原形，表示将来某一时间发生的动
9、作或存在的状态。句中常见的时间状语有：tomorrow，soon，later，the day after tomorrow, next week，in the years to come，in the years ahead等。2will, shall表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。“be going to动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。3“祈使句and/or句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。4某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开
10、演、作息安排等时刻表上。【例题精讲】例1. “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs Crawford. “Oh, I will be president,” said the boy, with a smile.“你想成为什么样的人？”克劳福德夫人问。“哦，我要当总统。”小男孩笑着说。例2. -Do you know Mr Smith has come to our town? -No. I will go and visit him right now. 你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？不知道。我现在就去看他。例3. Look at the dark cloud
11、s. It is going to rain. 看这乌云，要下雨了。例4. Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of faith open before you. 关上你身后的恐惧之门，你将会发现信心之门在你面前敞开。【巩固练习】1. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life.Awill be repaid Bwas being repaid Chas been repaid Dwas repaid答案：A【知识梳理4】将来进行时构成：
12、will be doing。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。【例题精讲】例1. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai. 我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。例2. The places of interest in Xian attract my family all the time, and I hope we will be enjoying ourselves this time next year. 西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，
13、我希望明年的这个时候我们正玩得愉快。【巩固练习】1. Daniels family_their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.Aare enjoying Bare to enjoy Cwill enjoy Dwill be enjoying答案：D【知识梳理5】将来完成时构成：为will have done。主要表示某一动作在将来某个时间之前已经完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six oclock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。【例题精讲】例1. By the time Mr
14、Smith arrives at the supermarket, we will have stayed there for one hour. 等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待一个小时了。例2. By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了。例3. By the end of next year, we will save 50000 yuan. 到明年年底时，我们将节省下50000元钱。【知识梳理6】一般过去时1表示在过去某个时间发生
15、的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。2表示过去某一段时间内发生或完成的动作，有时候可与for引导的表示一段时间的短语连用。3表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。【例题精讲】例1. Could you please repeat your address? I didnt quite catch it. 你能不能再重复一下你的地址？我没听清。例2. -Long time no see!
16、Havent you graduated from college? -Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing. 好久不见！你大学毕业了吗？毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。例3. I always got up late, and never had enough time for breakfast. 我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。例4. I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed. 我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。【巩固练习】1.(2
17、015浙江)Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2013.Ahad abandoned Babandoned Cabandon Dwill abandon2.(2016天津)The three of us _ around Europe for about a month last summer.Atraveled Bhave traveled Chad traveled Dtravel3.(2016重庆)Kevin,
18、 you look worried. Anything wrong?Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result.Awill take Btook Chad taken Dtake4.(2014湖南)The food here is nice enough. My friend _me a right place.Aintroduces Bintroduced Chad introduced Dwas introducing答案：BABB【知识梳理7】过去进行时1构成：was/weredoing。表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作。2表示运
19、动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。【例题精讲】例1. Jim was watching a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 吉姆正在家里看午夜电影，就在看到一个惊险场面的时候，电视变得一片空白。例2. The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. 当那
20、个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。例3. I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 我打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是不得已打电话取消了。【知识梳理8】过去完成时1构成：haddone。表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before, after, by)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。2动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时，表
21、示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。3在“hardly (scarcely)，. when ., no sooner . than .”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一就”。4by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。 【例题精讲】例1. Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we had actually met several years before. 汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。例
22、2. I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。例3. Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions. 演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。例4. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子
23、已经大学毕业了。【巩固练习】1. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _ it. Was it you?Ahas done Bhad done Cwould do Dwill do 答案：B【知识梳理9】现在完成时构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词（done） 被动结构：have / has been + 动词的过去分词（done）。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：(1)already (多用于肯定)，yet（多用于否定、疑问），just(而just now用一般过去时)，never, ever, before, s
24、everal times，so far, up to now(到目前为止)，by now(到目前为止), 上述代表时间的副词和短语只能和现在完成时一起连用。(2) for+时间段，since+时间点/时间段加ago/从句(从句用一般过去时), for/over/in/during the past/ last +时间段, these days, all these years, recently, lately，上述代表时间的短语还可以和现在完成进行时一起连用。用法：1.表示过去发生的事或刚结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 He has turned off the light. 他已经把灯
25、关了。I have already spent all my money, so I dont have money to buy you a present. 我已经花光了所有的钱，所以我没钱去给你买一个礼物。2. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在（句中用延续性动词）。He has lived here since 1995. 自从1995年以来，他一直住在这儿。 I have not seen Justin since last Friday night. 自从上周五，我就没有看到贾斯丁。3. 表示过去曾发生过一次或多次的行为，也可以表示一种经历。Some villagers say th
26、at they have seen UFOs many times.My father has been to Beijing twice.4. 用于until, after, as soon as, if等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，强调动作的完成。如：I cant promise you anything until I have spoken to the manager.在和经理商谈之前，我不能向你承诺任何事情。Please turn off the electricity after you have finished the experiment. 试验
27、完成之后请关掉电源。现在完成时与一般过去时所表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，区别在于：1现在完成时不但强调这一动作发生在过去，而且还强调对现在造成的影响或结果，它不与表过去的时间状语连用。2一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，与现在毫无关系关系，它常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last night, 3weeks/months/years ago, in 1980, at that time, then, the other day, just now, once等。1. We have studied English for about five years.我已经学习英语大约5年
28、了。（我现在依然学习英语）We studied English for about five years.我曾经学过英语五年。（我现在已经不再学习英语了）2. They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.3. Eric left home last year and has just come back.4. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.【巩固练习】1. His sister left ho
29、me in 1998, and_since.Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard of Chad not heard ofDhas not heard of2. In the last few years, thousands of films_ all over the world.Ahave produced Bhave been produced Care producing Dare being produced答案：BB【知识梳理10】现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的构成为have/hasbeendoing，(注意区分have/ has
30、been done 结构)。现在完成进行时无被动语态。常与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语有：for+时间段，since+时间点/时间段加ago/从句(从句用一般过去时), for/over/in the past/ last +时间段, these days, all these years, recently, lately用法：1. 表示过去某一时间开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。I have been waiting for my mothers letter. 我一直在等待我妈妈的来信。I have not been sleeping well since I returned
31、home. 自从回到家，我就一直没有睡好。You have been saying you can succeed for five years. 五年来你一直在说你能成功。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.自从上午9点经理就一直告诉工人如何改善这一方案。2. 表示不久前一直进行的动作到说话时刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。-Why are you looking so tired? -I have been cleaning the whole room.Kelly:
32、 Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? Sally: Yes. I have been waiting for an hour.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：Weve been living here for ten years.这十年，我们一直住在这里。Weve lived here for ten years. 我们在这儿已经住了十年了。延续性动词可用于现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，唯一的区别是现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。Someone has been e
33、ating my bread.(Some of the bread is left) 某人一直在吃我的面包。Someone has eaten my bread.(The bread is all gone.) 某人吃光了我的面包。2）在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束） 学生们已经为考试作了准备。【巩固练习】1. In
34、 order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours.Adid Bdo Chad done Dhave been doing2. -Why，Jack，you look so tired!-Well，I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.Awas painting Bwill be painting Chave painted Dhave been painting3. I have to see the doctor b
35、ecause I _ a lot lately.Ahave been coughing Bhad coughed Ccoughed Dcough答案：DDA被动语态【知识梳理1】被动语态的构成：be done-The window is dirty. -I know. It hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 窗户脏了。我知道。好几周没擦了。All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了经理以外所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。The number of deat
36、hs from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables. 如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。 时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/sha
37、ll have been donewould/should have been done 点津“get过去分词”表示被动。【知识梳理2】主动表被动She proves very patient and warmhearted. 她被证明既有耐心又很热心。No matter how hard he tried, the door wouldnt open. 不管他怎么努力开门，门就是打不开。-What about the books? -Books of this kind sell well. 这些书怎么样？这种书很畅销。The house his grandmother lives in n
38、eeds repairing/to be repaired.他祖母住的房子需要维修。1“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep形容词/名词”构成系表结构。2表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主动形式表示被动含义。3动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的
39、主动形式意义相同。（此部分测试时间为15分钟左右，讲评时间为10分钟左右。对本次所学内容进行检测）教学建议：此部分必须由班级学员合作完成。建议步骤为：1) 在15分钟内学员独立完成测试；2) 老师给出答案，学员相互批改；3) 在5分钟内就错题学员间相互合作，讨论错题，保证每一位学员都懂；4) 老师随机抽查，根据学生的整体表现给出此部分的班级得分（评分标准参考课堂激励评分标准）1【2014安徽卷】 The twins, who _ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.Awill finish Bfini
40、sh Chave finished Dhad finished【答案】D考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，完成作业是在were allowed之前发生的动作，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。句意：已完成作业的双胞胎，被允许到操场上打羽毛球。故选D。2【2014北京卷】 Hi, lets go skating.Sorry, Im busy right now. I _ in an application form for a new job.Afill Bhave filled Cam filling Dwill fill【答案】C考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，回答人“正忙着”，所以是“正在
41、填写申请表格”，用现在进行时，选C。3【2014北京卷】 What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute，I _ it for you.Acheck Bchecked Cwill check Dwould check【答案】C考查动词的时态。根据句意可知说话人不知道现在几点，但是“将去核实一下”，应选一般将来时。故选C。4【2014北京卷】 I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived.Astarted Bwas starting Cwould start Dha
42、d started【答案】D考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，“我”不能跟上演讲的原因是，“我”到达的时候演讲已经开始了。“到达”为一般过去时，表述过去的动作。“已经开始”表达过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选D。5 【2014全国大纲卷】 Unless some extra money _， the theatre will close.A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found【答案】C考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则剧院将会倒闭。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，
43、所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。6 【2014全国大纲卷】 The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since.A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen【答案】C考查动词的时态。句意：那些报告2012年就丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since，此处意为“从那以后”，这是现在完成时的标志。故选C。7【2014福建卷】 Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and _ there
44、for one year, teaching as a volunteer.Astayed Bstay Chad stayed Dam staying【答案】A 考查动词的时态。句意：“很久没有见到你了！你去哪里了？”“我去了宁夏，在那里支教了一年。”根据句意可知，stay的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。8【2014湖南卷】 Since the time humankind started gardening, we _ to make our environment more beautiful.A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try【答案】B考