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1、模块三千变万化的动词第4讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致I.语法填空1. (2020 全国 I 卷)It means(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed(construct).2. (2020 全国 H 卷)Thisis why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries (carry) special significance.3. (2020 全国HI卷)The artist was sure he would
2、 be chosen(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.4. (2020 全国III卷)They smiled and pointed(point) down the river.5. (2019 全国卷H)I love ing here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made(make) over the years.6. (2019 江苏高考)The musici
3、an along with his band members has given(give) ten performances in the last three months.7. (2018 北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.I .语法填空四谨记1.明晰高考考查类型：动词的时态和语态题，大致可分为以下3种类型：一是题干中提供时间状语，考生可直接根 据所给的时间状语作出答案。二是提供的时间状语有较强的
4、干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接 据此进行答题。三是题干中不提供任何时间状语、而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为 复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出最佳答案。2掌握独特的时间状语标志(/)看至II a力侬ys, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等要想到用一般现在时；(2)看到 yes ter 血 y, last night, a few days ago, the other day 等要想到用一般过去时；(3)看到 since, so far, up to now, in the last/past few years 等要想到用现在完成时。注意：如果
5、题干中没有时间标志词，而是有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，这时我们应该将两个动词动作发生的时间进行比较，依据动词发生的时间先后，确定正确的时态。3,熟记固定句型中的时态意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一 个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, mittee, government, audience 等。XHis audience consists mainly of young people.The
6、 audience were clapping for over ten minutes.(2) “分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词 的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数 取决于主语实际表达的意义。Twothirds of the people present are against the plan.XThe majority of the damage is easy to repair.(3) “the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数
7、形式。The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。KFour thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.3.就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。(1)由 or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also., not. . . but.等连接的词语作主语，谓语动词的数常与
8、最近的主语保持一致。Either you or Paul is responsible for this thing.XNot only you but also your sister is lovely.由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class.名词”作主语，要想到谓语的数取决于名词；(4看到仍ue励等结构，要想到就近一致原则。I考点1一般时态1. 一般现在时(do/does; is/am/are)表示经常
9、发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually, every day/night 等连用。按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, e 等动词。普遍真理。(4)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。The film starts at two o clock.2. 一般过去时(did
10、; was/were)(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。表示过去习惯性动作。【点津】would/used to do:表示过去常常做呢 used to go there every year.怩 often played together when we were children.一Haven? t seen you for ages! Where have you been?一I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.【小题快练】单句语法填空Every few years, the
11、 coal workers have(have)their lungs Xrayed to ensure their health.The real reason why prices were(be), and still are, too high is plex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives(give) us a sense of fair p
12、lay and team spirit.It has been a long time since we met (meet) in China last time.唐融 进行时态1 .现在进行时(am/is/are doing)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进 行。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的这类动词有：go, e, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear 等。(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always, constantly,
13、continually 等副词连用)。尼 is listening to a tape, but he can t hear it clearly.卜匕 is leaving tomorrow to play his first match.收 are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare? s poetry.2 .过去进行时(was/were doing)(1)表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常 同表示过去的时间状语从句以及 at that time, at that moment, at this
14、time yesterday, at ten o clock yesterday 等连用。过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。匕 were playing football at this time yesterday afternoon.(2018 北京高考)Susan had quit her wellpaid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.They are to attempt to be t
15、he first to circle the Earth nonstop by balloon.you kindly obey the instructions I am about to give?2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去将来时是“立足过 去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。XThey said they would give the police their full cooperation.【点津】除“should/would+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would), 过去将来时还有以下常见表达方
16、式：was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were to do,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时，常用would do/used to do。had a feeling you were going to be difficult about this.此 was about to offer an explanation, but she was beginning to laugh.【小题快练】单句语法填空一What time is it?一I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check
17、(check) it for you.If it doesn, t rain tomorrow, the sports meet will, be held(hold) in the playground of our school.(3)You promised you would keep(keep)us safe.唐点心完成时态1 .现在完成时(have/has done)(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间状语：already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last (past) few yea
18、rs, up to now, so far 等。表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for, since等表示一段时间的状语 连用。在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4)This/It is the first/second. . . time+that 从句，that 从句中谓语要用现在完成时(5) It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting 等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现 在完成时。X (2018 北京高考)China s highspeed railways have grown from 9
19、, 000 to 25, 000 kilometers in the past few years.X (2020 天津高考)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level since.won t pay you until you have finished this job.XThis is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil.2 .过去完成时(had
20、done)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语：by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+句子等。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如 hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend) 用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。在 hardly(scarcely). . . when. . . v, “no sooner. . . than. ” 句型中,主 句用
21、过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一就”。By that time, I had already made the decision to leave.(2019 天津高考)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn t manage it.We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.M5完成进行时现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且
22、还要继续下去的动作。“匕 have been waiting for him for two hours.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。X (2020 天津高考)一You are a great swimmer.Thanks. It s because I have been practising a lot these days.【小题快练】单句语法填空For many years, people hav。been dreaming(dream)of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult tha
23、n predicted.By the time we arrived, everyone had received(receive) medical care.(3)(2020 江苏高考)Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected(expect), he examined the previous work again.This is the first time my cousin has adapted(adapt)to her new job.唐脑 被动语态被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语 态，除be外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/bee+过去分词。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。 常考的不及物动词或短语：last, cost, spread,