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1、英文合同解读一（八）英语合同的常用句型分类有限责任公司，股分有限公司，外商投 资公司发文日期2022-08-17作者王辉正文内容：一、引导条件从句的句型in the event that (短语为 in the event of), in case (短语为 in case of), providing (that), provided(that), on the conditions that, if(if and whenever), where, in so far as(insofar as), should, suppose/supposing (that)在英文合同中，以上这些词常
2、用来引导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形，基础英语中常用的“as long as”在英文合同中非常鲜见。例一： In the event that the Contract Price or any other terms of the Contract changes after the issuance of the Letter of Credit (or Letter of Guarantee) the Owner shall arrange for such Letter to be amended accordingly as soon as possible after any
3、such changes.如果在 信用证(或者保函)开出后，合同总价或者合同其他条款发生变化，业主应尽快安排对信用证(或者保 函)进行相应的修改。例二： In case part of or all know?how of the above?mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secre
4、t and confidential the part already published.如上述专有技术的一部份或者全部已由第三方发布，而甲方也掌握了已发布的证据，则甲方再 也不承担保密义务。例三：15% of the above contract price, e. g. US $ 21, 000. 00 shall be paid by Party A to Party B by M/T within 30 days after Party A has received from Party B the following technical documentations and doc
5、uments and providing that they are in conformity with the contract:甲方从乙方处收到以下技术资料和文件后30天内应信汇乙方上述合同总价的15%,也就是 21000美元，但该技术资料和文件应符合本合同要求。例四： Either party may at anytime replace the chairman, deputy chairman or director(s) it has appointed, provided that it gives written notice to the Joint Venture Com
6、pany and the other party.任何一方可随时更换自己委派的董事长、副董事长或者董事，但必须书面通知合资公司和合 资的另一方。需要注意的是，provided that通常语气上有转折的含义，不宜翻译为“假如，如果”；译为“但 是”，则译文过渡自然，符合汉语表达的规范。例五： Should the seller make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Clausel8 to this contract, the Buy
7、er shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seiler agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation,如果卖方并非因本合同第 18 条规 定的不可抗力事件而未按合同规定的期限交货，那末，只要卖方允许支付罚金，并由付款行从议付款中扣 除，买方便允许卖方延期交货。句中浮现两处条件从句，should引导的从句属于非真实条件句，即虚拟语气，表示该条件发生的可 能性很小
8、，也就是说是当事人不希翼浮现的不利情况。而on condition that引导的条件从句，往往表示 只要某情况浮现，就如何如何。彳列六： Notwithstanding the completion of the sale and purchase of theordinary shares in the Company, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall remain in full force and effect as between the parties hereto in so far as the same are
9、 not fulfil 1 ed.即使买卖公司月殳 普通股已经结束，只要该行为尚未履行完毕，本协议条款对双方仍然彻底有效。例七： In all cases where Licensee desires artwork involving articles which are the subject of this license to be executed, the cost of such artwork and the time for the production thereof shall be borne by Licensee.如果被许可方需要的工艺品涉及本许可将履行的标的, 则
10、该工艺品的费用和生产该工艺品的时耗应由被许可方承担。彳列，I： As an example, suppose that Stamps, com has a partnership agreement with a company called “Internet Marketing” . In this example, uPartner Name“ would be uInternet Marketing” .试举一例,如果Stamp, com公司与一家名叫Internet Marketing的公司有一合伙协议。本 例中，该“合伙名称就是Internet Maketing”。If and w
11、henever the attorney at law designated by Party B comes to work with Party A, Party A shall offer all sufficient and necessary facilities, arrange the said legal counsel with an office, appoint a company officer to assist legal counsel with his function, provide relevant information and write and pr
12、int legal draft for such legal counsel.乙方律师至lj甲方工 作时，甲方应充分赋予安排，安排法律顾问办公场所，选派干部协助律师工作，提供有关情况，缮写、打 印稿件等。相关链接： in no case, in no event, in the case of, in any case 等in no case和in no event表示决不即无论怎样都不行。例如： Vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer,船龄超过 20年的，买方概不接受。In the ca
13、se of就什么来说，关于，in any case无论如何例如： In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.关于危(wei)险或者有毒货物，卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应 在每一包装 上标注通常采用的标识。二、表示“某物所有权属于某人”的句型Sth.
14、is (shall remain) the property of sb. , the title of sth. shall be vested in sb.英语合同表示“某物所有权属于某人”时，常用到这两个句型。如果用Ihe ownership of sth. belongs to sb.,或者sb. owns/possesses sth.就不够正式，而且possess只指目前属于某人，并不能 说明获得的来源，而own只表示“对，中的合法占有”。例一： Any drawings or technical documents interested for use in the Constru
15、ction of the Plant or of part thereof and submitted to the Seller by the Buyer prior or subsequent to formation of the Contract remain the exclusive property of the Buyer.本合同订立先后由买方送交卖方用于建造设备或者其部份设备的图纸或者技术资料仍为买方的专有财 产。例二： Licensee hereby agrees that at the termination or expiration of this agreement
16、 Licensee will be deemed to have assigned, transferred and conveyed to Licensor any rights, equities, good will, titles or other rights in and to the Name which may have been obtained by Licensee or which may have vested in Licensee in pursuance of any endeavors covered hereby, and that Licensee wil
17、l execute any instruments requested by Licensor to accomplish or confirm the foregoing.被许可方特此允许本协议终止或者届满时，被许可方视为向许可方转让被许可方因该名称可能已获得 或者经努力已拥有的任何权利、权益、商誉、所有权或者其他权利，并且被许可方应在许可方的要求下 签署任何文件以完成或者确认上述转让。三、 It is + p. p that （past participle 过去分词） +clause英文合同在使用被动语态时，有一些常见的特殊句型：It is agreed that+clause例一： I
18、t is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity of weight issued by the manufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit.双方允许以创造厂出具的品质、数量或者分量检验证明书作为有关信用证项下付款的单据之一。例二： It is expressly agreed that Lessee will not, without obtaining prior writte
19、n permission of Lessor, assert on its behalf, or on behalf of Lessor, any immunity from taxation based on the tax?exempt status, if any, of the Lessor.双方明确允许承租人未经出租人 事先书面允许，不得自行或者代表出租人基于出租人的免税身份主张免税，如果出租人有该身份。It is understood that+clause例一： It is strictly understood that the Sellers can not be held
20、responsible for non?delivery of delayed delivery of the goods ordered if the situation is caused by Force Majeure, such as war, rebellion, fire, strike, new levies imposed by government, mistakes in telegrams, inability of, or refusal by the manufacturers to fulfill this Contract or any other causes
21、 beyond Seller?s control.严格明确卖方对于自己无法控制的不可抗力,如战争、叛乱、 火灾、罢工、政府新征税、电报错误、生产厂商无能力或者拒绝按合同生产，导致的已定货物不能发货或 者迟 延发货概不负责。例二： It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organ
22、izations and/or Post Office are liable.双方明确卖方概不承担属保险公司、装运公司或者其他运输机构、邮局责任范围内原因所造成已装运 货物的瑕疵责任。It is stressed that+clause例句： It is essentially stressed that the Buyers are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt. In the event of failure to do t
23、his, the Sellers reserve the right to cancel the Contract.必须强调：买方应于收到本合 同之日起3天内签字并退还合同的副本，如买方不这样做，卖方保留取销合同的权利。四、Saving Clause ?在英文合同中Saving Clause （除外条款，但书条款）通常有save that句型和save as句型，表示 者例外”。彳列： Subject to clause 18.4, each party shall bear its own costs arising out of or in connection with the prep
24、aration, negotiation and implementation of this Agreement save that if this Agreement is lawfully rescinded by the Purchaser the Vendors shall pay to the Purchaser its accountancy, legal and other costs and expenses in relation to the investigation of the Company prior to the date hereof and the pre
25、paration and negotiation of this Agreement.在遵守第18.4条的条件下，每一方应各自承担其准备、商议和实施本协议所产生的或者与之有关的 费用，除非如本协议系买方依法解除，则卖方应向买方支付与本协议订立前调查公司以及准备和商议本 协议有关的会计、法律和其他花费和支出。例二： Save as expressly provided herein, this Agreement may be amended or terminated, and any of the terms hereof waived, only by a document in writ
26、ing specifically referring to this Agreement and executed by the parties hereto or, in the case of a waiver, by the partywaiving compliance.除非本协议明确规定，本协议可做修改或者终止，本协议任一条款可抛却，仅当通过书面文件特殊提 及本协议并由本协议双方执行或者一方通过弃权声明抛却遵守。?. 此外，也常见用provison表示限制条款或者但书。彳列： 5. 6 Legal Proceedings; Injunctions, (a) The Seller, t
27、he Buyer and the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts (subject to the provision in Section 5.6(b) to cooperate with each other in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation with any other person which relates to the execution and delivery of this Agree
28、ment or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder.法律诉讼；禁止令。(1)卖方、买方和本公司应竭尽全力(除本条第二款的但书规定外)互相配合 处理涉及本合同履行与交付及本合同项下预期交易完成的与他方有关的索赔、诉讼、案件、诉讼程式、质 询或者调查。例二： Tenant shall not be required to join in any proceedings referred to in the provision at the end of 4. 6 hereof unless the provisio
29、ns of any law, rule or regulation at the time in effect shall require that such proceedings be brought by or in the name of Tenant, in which event Tenant shall join and cooperate in such proceedings or permit the same to be brought in its name, but shall not be liable for the payment of any costs or
30、 expenses in connection with any such proceedings, and Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for, and indemnify and hold Tenant harmless from and against, any and all costs or expenses which Tenant may reasonably pay, sustain or incur in connection with any such proceedings.承租人不得被应要求参加本合同第四条第六款最后但书/限制性条款提
31、及的任何诉讼，除非当时生效 的法律法规要求该诉讼应由承租人或者以承租人名义提起，此种情况下，承租人应参加配合该诉讼或者允 许该诉讼以其名义提起，但概不承担任何与该诉讼有关的任何费用和花费，业主应偿还并保证赔偿承租 人合理支付的因该诉讼产生或者遭受的全部费用和花费且确保承租人免于以上责任。五、As句型参看本章第一节as的用法六、Upon sth.英文合同中表达“一经,就”的含义时，不用基础英语中的as soon as,而用upon sth.表 达。例如： Upon expiration of such term of contract, the contract shall automatica
32、lly become void and null.合同一经届满则自动失效。七、 Unless otherwise 和 except (as) otherwise英文合同中表示“除非另有规定”时，往往用到这两个句型。它们在句中的位置非常灵便，句首、句 末或者句中都能看到它们的身影，后接stipulate, provide, require, state, specify等动词或者其过 去分词。例一： On the Transfer Date, New Company shall transfer to B, free from any lien or encumbrance created by
33、 New Company and without the payment of any compensation, all its right, title to and interest in the infrastructure project, unless otherwise specified in the Agreement or any supplementary agreement.新公司应在转让日向乙方转让其在基础设施项目中的全部权利、所有权和权益，免于新公司创设的任 何质押或者财产担保，除非本协议另有规定或者补充协议。例二： The arbitration fee shal
34、l be borne by the losing Party except otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Institute.仲裁费由败诉方承担，除非仲裁机构另有裁决。例三： Except as otherwise provided herein, all import permits and licenses and the import duties, customs fees and all taxes levied by any government authority other than the Seller?s country shal
35、l be the sole responsibility of the Buyer.除非本协议另有规定，所有进口许可证照和政府机关(不是卖方国家)征收的进口关税和所有税费均 应由买方独自承担责任。八、表示“竭力做某事”的句型Use all reasonable endeavors (efforts) to do sth., make full endeavors (efforts) to do sth., exert one?s effort (s) to do sth., exert oneself to do sth.英文合同中表示“竭力做某事”时，往往用到这几个句型，而不用基础英语中tr
36、y one?s best to do sth.等句型。例一： Except as contemplated by this Agreement, from the date hereof through the Closing Date, Mattel shall cause each TLC Subsidiary to use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course in all material respects, and shall use commercially re
37、asonable endeavors to preserve intact its business relationships, keep available the service of its employees and maintain satisfactory relationships with its suppliers and customers.除非本协议预期，从本协议日期到成交口，Mattel公司应促使TLC子公司竭尽全力在所有实质方面 按通常程式进行交易。并应竭力来保持其商业关系完整，可获得其员工的服务并与供应商和客户维持良好 的关系。例二： However, both
38、parties shall make efforts to get the ratification within 60 (sixty) days.然而，双方应努力在60天内获得批准。例三： Each of Quotesmith and IIS agrees to exert its commercially reasonable efforts so that IIS can begin providing instant quotes on QIM in as short a time as the capabilities and technologies of each party w
39、ill allow.Quotesmith和HS均允许尽其全力使得IIS在各方能力和技术许可的范围内尽快开始向QIM公司提 供即时报价。例四： Promptly following the Effective Time, the shareholders of Tunes who are employed by JAMtv or Merger Sub shall exert their best efforts to cause all employees of Tunes and Merger Sub to execute in favor of Merger Sub proprietary
40、rights agreements substantially similar to JAMtv?s existing employee proprietary rights agreement.生效时间后，被JAMtv公司或者Merger Sub公司所聘的Tunes公司股东应即将竭尽全力促使Tunes 公司和Merger Sub公司的所有员工执行Merger Sub公司控股权协议，该协议实质上与JAMtv公司现有 的员工控股权协议类似。第三节合同各部份常用例句与用词(Sample Wording and Sentences in Each Part)英文合同由标题(Title)、前言(Pre
41、amble)、正文(Habendum)、附录(Schedule)及证明部份即结尾 词(Attestation)五大部份构成。标题部份由于比较简单，在此就不多述，而附录由于不是所有合同都具 备，固定的句式用词很少，现就前言(Preamble)和证明部份即结尾词两个方面介绍如下。1 .前言部份前言又分为合同方(Parties)和叙述(Recital)两部份，合同方部份主要载明合同当事人的名称或 者 者姓名、国籍、主营业所在地或者住所地以及合同签订的日期等内容，通常有两种句型：一种是完整的句子,以 This Contract is made on, 20, by and between ABC Co
42、mpany Ltd. （hereinafter called Party A） and XYZ Company Ltd. （hereinafter called Party B）为代表。另一种则是由名词主语加动词过去分词构成的短语，如Agreement made thisday of , between(hereinafter called “Licensor ), and(hereinafter called “Licensee”)。其中，made后常用entered/concluded into等并列，this后直接接日期，或者用on,后接方式较 为灵便，但接日期更为正式。而表达合同各方时
43、还成对浮现of /as one part(y), of/as the other part (y),或者是 of/as one hand, of/as the other hando 表示以下简称时通常用 hereinafter cal led或者是hereinafter referred to as,甚至有直接把简称写到括弧里的情形。合同方(Parties)的句式范例：彳列This Contract made on April 1, 19, at, China, between ABC Co. with its principal office at, China (hereinafter
44、called Party A) , and XYZ Co. with its principal office at, USA (hereinafter called Party B).本合同于19年4月1日于中国签订，合同双方为ABC公司(以下 简称甲方)，其主营业地位于中国，和XYZ公司(以下简称乙方)，其主营业地为美国。例二： This contract is signed on this (date) of (year) in (place) by andbetween (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and (hereinafter refe
45、rred to as Party B).本合同 由公司(以下简称甲方)与公司(以下简称乙方)于年月日于地签订。例三： AAA Corporation, Beijing, China （hereinafter referred to as the Buyer） as one party and（hereinafter referred to as the Seller） as the other party agree to authorize their representatives to sign the present Contract under the following terms
46、 and conditions.合同 一方中国北京AAA公司（以下简称买方）和合同另一方公司（以下简称卖方）允许授权各自代表签署现有 合同，条款如下例四： This contract is made by and between the Sellers and the Buyers; Whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the undermentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below and overleaf.本合
47、同由买卖双方签订,凭此合同,卖方同 意出售、买方允许购买根据下文和背面规定条款的如下货物好前言的叙述（Recital）部份，往往由whereas引导的句子（鉴于条款）后，再接now therefore.（最为常见）等结构。例一： Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows.由此，以上述各点和以下规定契约为约因，甲乙双方约定如下,，彳列二： Now therefore, the parties he
48、reby agree as follows.由此，双方特约定如下,，例三： Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises herein contained, it is hereby agreed.由此，以相互本协议包含的承诺为约因，双方特此约定如下,彳列四：Now it is hereby agreed as fol lows.特此约定如下,彳列五： now, therefore, the parties agree as follows.由此，合同方约定如下,，彳列六： Tt is understood and expres
49、sively agreed that.双方确认并明确约定如下2 .证明部份，即结尾词(Attestation)英文合同的该部份，通常表达“双方签字盖章，特此为证”的含义。主要是由in witness where of 或者in testimony whereof后接常用的句子。通常有如下形式：例一： In witness whereof, the parties hereto have caused their respective duly authorized representatives to execute the Agreement on theday ofin the year of.合同双方授权其代表于年月日签订本协议，特此为