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1、 英文合同解读-(八)英语合同的常用句型分类有限责任公司，股份有限公司，外商投资公司 发文日期2009-08-17 作者王辉 正文内容:一、引导条件从句的句型in the event that(短语为in the event of), in case(短语为in case of), providing(that), provided(that), on the conditions that, if(if and whenever), where, in so far as(insofar as), should, suppose/supposing（that）在英文合同中，以上这些词常用来引
2、导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形，基础英语中常用的“as long as”在英文合同中非常鲜见。例一：In the event that the Contract Price or any other terms of the Contract changes after the issuance of the Letter of Credit (or Letter of Guarantee) the Owner shall arrange for such Letter to be amended accordingly as soon as possible after any such
3、 changes.如果在信用证（或保函）开出后，合同总价或合同其他条款发生变化，业主应尽快安排对信用证（或保函）进行相应的修改。例二：In case part of or all know?how of the above?mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secret and conf
4、idential the part already published.如上述专有技术的一部分或全部已由第三方公布，而甲方也掌握了已公布的证据，则甲方不再承担保密义务。例三：15% of the above contract price, e.g. US $ 21, 000. 00 shall be paid by Party A to Party B by M/T within 30 days after Party A has received from Party B the following technical documentations and documents and pro
5、viding that they are in conformity with the contract:甲方从乙方处收到以下技术资料和文件后30天内应信汇乙方上述合同总价的15%，也就是21000美元，但该技术资料和文件应符合本合同要求。例四：Either party may at anytime replace the chairman, deputy chairman or director(s) it has appointed, provided that it gives written notice to the Joint Venture Company and the oth
6、er party.任何一方可随时更换自己委派的董事长、副董事长或董事，但必须书面通知合资公司和合资的另一方。需要注意的是，provided that通常语气上有转折的含义，不宜翻译为“假如，如果”；译为“但是”，则译文过渡自然，符合汉语表达的规范。例五：Should the seller make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Clause18 to this contract, the Buyer shall agree to po
7、stpone the delivery on condition that the Seller agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.如果卖方并非因本合同第18条规定的不可抗力事件而未按合同规定的期限交货，那么，只要卖方同意支付罚金，并由付款行从议付款中扣除，买方便同意卖方延期交货。句中出现两处条件从句，should引导的从句属于非真实条件句，即虚拟语气，表示该条件发生的可能性很小，也就是说是当事人不希望出现的不利情况。而on c
8、ondition that引导的条件从句，往往表示只要某情况出现，就如何如何。例六：Notwithstanding the completion of the sale and purchase of theordinary shares in the Company, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall remain in full force and effect as between the parties hereto in so far as the same are not fulfilled.即使买卖公司股普通股已经结
9、束，只要该行为尚未履行完毕，本协议条款对双方仍然完全有效。例七：In all cases where Licensee desires artwork involving articles which are the subject of this license to be executed, the cost of such artwork and the time for the production thereof shall be borne by Licensee.如果被许可方需要的工艺品涉及本许可将履行的标的，则该工艺品的费用和生产该工艺品的时耗应由被许可方承担。例八：As an
10、 example, suppose that S has a partnership agreement with a company called “Internet Marketing”. In this example, “Partner Name” would be “Internet Marketing”.试举一例，如果S公司与一家名叫Internet Marketing的公司有一合伙协议。本例中，该“合伙名称”就是“Internet Maketing”。If and whenever the attorney at law designated by Party B comes t
11、o work with Party A, Party A shall offer all sufficient and necessary facilities, arrange the said legal counsel with an office, appoint a company officer to assist legal counsel with his function, provide relevant information and write and print legal draft for such legal counsel.乙方律师到甲方工作时，甲方应充分给予
12、安排，安排法律顾问办公场所，选派干部协助律师工作，提供有关情况，缮写、打印稿件等。相关链接：in no case, in no event, in the case of，in any case等in no case和in no event表示“决不”即无论怎样都不行。例如：Vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer.船龄超过20年的，买方概不接受。In the case of 就什么来说，关于，in any case 无论如何例如：In the case of dangerous and/o
13、r poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.关于危险或有毒货物，卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。二、表示“某物所有权属于某人”的句型Sth. is (shall remain) the property of sb., the title of sth. shall be veste
14、d in sb.英语合同表示“某物所有权属于某人”时，常用到这两个句型。如果用the ownership of sth. belongs to sb.,或者sb. owns/possesses sth.就不够正式，而且possess只指目前属于某人，并不能说明获得的来源，而own只表示“对的合法占有”。例一：Any drawings or technical documents interested for use in the Construction of the Plant or of part thereof and submitted to the Seller by the Buy
15、er prior or subsequent to formation of the Contract remain the exclusive property of the Buyer.本合同订立前后由买方送交卖方用于建筑设备或其部分设备的图纸或技术资料仍为买方的专有财产。例二：Licensee hereby agrees that at the termination or expiration of this agreement Licensee will be deemed to have assigned, transferred and conveyed to Licensor
16、any rights, equities, good will, titles or other rights in and to the Name which may have been obtained by Licensee or which may have vested in Licensee in pursuance of any endeavors covered hereby, and that Licensee will execute any instruments requested by Licensor to accomplish or confirm the for
17、egoing.被许可方特此同意本协议终止或届满时，被许可方视为向许可方转让被许可方因该名称可能已获得或经努力已拥有的任何权利、权益、商誉、所有权或其他权利，并且被许可方应在许可方的要求下签署任何文件以完成或确认上述转让。三、It is + p.p that（past participle过去分词） +clause英文合同在使用被动语态时，有一些常见的特殊句型：It is agreed that+clause例一：It is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity of weight issued by the m
18、anufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit. 双方同意以制造厂出具的品质、数量或重量检验证明书作为有关信用证项下付款的单据之一。例二：It is expressly agreed that Lessee will not, without obtaining prior written permission of Lessor, assert on its behalf, or on behalf of Lessor, any immunity from taxa
19、tion based on the tax?exempt status, if any, of the Lessor.双方明确同意承租人未经出租人事先书面同意，不得自行或代表出租人基于出租人的免税身份主张免税，如果出租人有该身份。It is understood that+clause例一：It is strictly understood that the Sellers can not be held responsible for non?delivery of delayed delivery of the goods ordered if the situation is cause
20、d by Force Majeure, such as war, rebellion, fire, strike, new levies imposed by government, mistakes in telegrams, inability of, or refusal by the manufacturers to fulfill this Contract or any other causes beyond Seller?s control.严格明确卖方对于自己无法控制的不可抗力，如战争、叛乱、火灾、罢工、政府新征税、电报错误、生产厂商无能力或拒绝按合同生产，致使的已定货物不能发
21、货或迟延发货概不负责。例二：It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organizations and/or Post Office are liable.双方明确卖方概不承担属保险公司、装运公司或其他运输机构、邮局责任范围内原因所造成已装运货物的瑕疵责任。It is stres
22、sed that+clause例句：It is essentially stressed that the Buyers are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt. In the event of failure to do this, the Sellers reserve the right to cancel the Contract.必须强调：买方应于收到本合同之日起天内签字并退还合同的副本，如买方不这样做，卖方保留取消合同
23、的权利。四、Saving Clause?在英文合同中Saving Clause（除外条款, 但书条款）通常有save that句型和save as句型，表示“者例外”。例一：Subject to clause 18.4, each party shall bear its own costs arising out of or in connection with the preparation, negotiation and implementation of this Agreement save that if this Agreement is lawfully rescinded
24、by the Purchaser the Vendors shall pay to the Purchaser its accountancy, legal and other costs and expenses in relation to the investigation of the Company prior to the date hereof and the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement.在遵守第18.4条的条件下，每一方应各自承担其准备、协商和实施本协议所产生的或与之有关的费用，除非如本协议系买方依法解除，则卖方应
25、向买方支付与本协议订立前调查公司以及准备和协商本协议有关的会计、法律和其他花费和支出。例二：Save as expressly provided herein, this Agreement may be amended or terminated, and any of the terms hereof waived, only by a document in writing specifically referring to this Agreement and executed by the parties hereto or, in the case of a waiver, by
26、the party waiving compliance.除非本协议明确规定，本协议可做修改或终止，本协议任一条款可放弃，仅当通过书面文件特别提及本协议并由本协议双方执行或一方通过弃权声明放弃遵守。?此外，也常见用provison表示限制条款或但书。例一：5.6 Legal Proceedings; Injunctions. (a) The Seller, the Buyer and the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts (subject to the provision in Section 5.6(b) to coope
27、rate with each other in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation with any other person which relates to the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder.法律诉讼；禁止令。（1）卖方、买方和本公司应竭尽全力（除本条第二款的但书规定外）互相配合处理涉及本合同
28、履行与交付及本合同项下预期交易完成的与他方有关的索赔、诉讼、案件、诉讼程式、质询或调查。例二：Tenant shall not be required to join in any proceedings referred to in the provision at the end of 4.6 hereof unless the provisions of any law, rule or regulation at the time in effect shall require that such proceedings be brought by or in the name of
29、Tenant, in which event Tenant shall join and cooperate in such proceedings or permit the same to be brought in its name, but shall not be liable for the payment of any costs or expenses in connection with any such proceedings, and Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for, and indemnify and hold Tenant ha
30、rmless from and against, any and all costs or expenses which Tenant may reasonably pay, sustain or incur in connection with any such proceedings.承租人不得被应要求参加本合同第四条第六款最后但书/限制性条款提及的任何诉讼，除非当时生效的法律法规要求该诉讼应由承租人或以承租人名义提起，此种情况下，承租人应参加配合该诉讼或允许该诉讼以其名义提起，但概不承担任何与该诉讼有关的任何费用和花费，业主应偿还并保证赔偿承租人合理支付的因该诉讼产生或遭受的全部费用和花
31、费且确保承租人免于以上责任。五、As句型参看本章第一节as的用法六、Upon sth.英文合同中表达“一经，就”的含义时，不用基础英语中的as soon as, 而用upon sth.表达。例如：Upon expiration of such term of contract, the contract shall automatically become void and null.合同一经届满则自动失效。七、Unless otherwise 和 except (as) otherwise英文合同中表示“除非另有规定”时，常常用到这两个句型。它们在句中的位置非常灵活，句首、句末或者句中都能看
32、到它们的身影，后接stipulate, provide, require, state, specify等动词或其过去分词。例一：On the Transfer Date，New Company shall transfer to B, free from any lien or encumbrance created by New Company and without the payment of any compensation, all its right, title to and interest in the infrastructure project, unless othe
33、rwise specified in the Agreement or any supplementary agreement.新公司应在转让日向乙方转让其在基础设施项目中的全部权利、所有权和权益，免于新公司创设的任何质押或财产担保，除非本协议另有规定或补充协议。例二：The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing Party except otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Institute.仲裁费由败诉方承担，除非仲裁机构另有裁决。例三：Except as otherwise provided her
34、ein, all import permits and licenses and the import duties, customs fees and all taxes levied by any government authority other than the Seller?s country shall be the sole responsibility of the Buyer.除非本协议另有规定，所有进口许可证照和政府机关（不是卖方国家）征收的进口关税和所有税费均应由买方独自承担责任。八、表示“尽力做某事”的句型Use all reasonable endeavors (e
35、fforts) to do sth., make full endeavors (efforts) to do sth.，exert one?s effort(s) to do sth.， exert oneself to do sth.英文合同中表示“尽力做某事”时，常常用到这几个句型，而不用基础英语中try one?s best to do sth.等句型。例一：Except as contemplated by this Agreement, from the date hereof through the Closing Date, Mattel shall cause each TL
36、C Subsidiary to use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course in all material respects, and shall use commercially reasonable endeavors to preserve intact its business relationships, keep available the service of its employees and maintain satisfactory relationsh
37、ips with its suppliers and customers.除非本协议预期，从本协议日期到成交日，Mattel公司应促使TLC子公司竭尽全力在所有实质方面按通常程式进行交易。并应尽力来保持其商业关系完整，可获得其员工的服务并与供应商和客户维持良好的关系。例二：However, both parties shall make efforts to get the ratification within 60 (sixty) days.然而，双方应努力在60天内获得批准。例三：Each of Quotesmith and IIS agrees to exert its commerc
38、ially reasonable efforts so that IIS can begin providing instant quotes on QIM in as short a time as the capabilities and technologies of each party will allow.Quotesmith和IIS均同意尽其全力使得IIS在各方能力和技术许可的范围内尽快开始向QIM公司提供即时报价。例四：Promptly following the Effective Time, the shareholders of Tunes who are employe
39、d by JAMtv or Merger Sub shall exert their best efforts to cause all employees of Tunes and Merger Sub to execute in favor of Merger Sub proprietary rights agreements substantially similar to JAMtv?s existing employee proprietary rights agreement.生效时间后，被JAMtv公司或Merger Sub公司所聘的Tunes公司股东应立即竭尽全力促使Tunes
40、公司和Merger Sub公司的所有员工执行Merger Sub公司控股权协议，该协议实质上与JAMtv公司现有的员工控股权协议类似。第三节合同各部分常用例句与用词(Sample Wording and Sentences in Each Part)英文合同由标题（Title）、前言(Preamble)、正文(Habendum)、附录(Schedule)及证明部分即结尾词(Attestation)五大部分构成。标题部分由于比较简单，在此就不多述，而附录由于不是所有合同都具备，固定的句式用词很少，现就前言(Preamble)和证明部分即结尾词两个方面介绍如下。1.前言部分前言又分为合同方（Par
41、ties）和叙述（Recital）两部分，合同方部分主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业所在地或住所地以及合同签订的日期等内容，通常有两种句型：一种是完整的句子，以This Contract is made on, 20, by and between ABC Company Ltd. (hereinafter called Party A) and XYZ Company Ltd. (hereinafter called Party B)为代表。另一种则是由名词主语加动词过去分词构成的短语，如Agreement made thisday of , between(hereinaft
42、er called “Licensor”), and(hereinafter called “Licensee”)。其中，made 后常用entered/concluded into等并列，this后直接接日期，或者用on，后接方式较为灵活，但接日期更为正式。而表达合同各方时还成对出现of /as one part(y), of/as the other part(y), 或是of/as one hand, of/as the other hand。表示“以下简称”时通常用hereinafter called 或是hereinafter referred to as, 甚至有直接把简称写到括弧
43、里的情形。合同方（Parties）的句式范例：例一：This Contract made on April 1, 19, at, China, between ABC Co. with its principal office at, China (hereinafter called Party A) , and XYZ Co. with its principal office at, USA (hereinafter called Party B). 本合同于19年4月1日于中国签订，合同双方为ABC公司（以下简称甲方），其主营业地位于中国，和XYZ公司（以下简称乙方），其主营业地为美国
44、。例二：This contract is signed on this(date) of(year) in(place) by and between(hereinafter referred to as Party A) and (hereinafter referred to as Party B).本合同由公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）于年月日于地签订。例三：AAA Corporation, Beijing, China (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as one party and(hereinafter referred t
45、o as the Seller) as the other party agree to authorize their representatives to sign the present Contract under the following terms and conditions.合同一方中国北京AAA公司（以下简称买方）和合同另一方公司（以下简称卖方）同意授权各自代表签署现有合同，条款如下例四：This contract is made by and between the Sellers and the Buyers; Whereby the Sellers agree to
46、sell and the Buyers agree to buy the undermentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below and overleaf.本合同由买卖双方签订，凭此合同，卖方同意出售、买方同意购买根据下文和背面规定条款的如下货物前言的叙述（Recital）部分，往往由whereas引导的句子（鉴于条款）后，再接now therefore.(最为常见)等结构。例一：Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenant
47、s described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows.由此，以上述各点和以下规定契约为约因，甲乙双方约定如下例二：Now therefore, the parties hereby agree as follows.由此，双方特约定如下例三： Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises herein contained, it is hereby agreed.由此，以相互本协议包含的承诺为约因，双方特此约定如下例四： Now it is hereby agreed as follows.特此约定如下例五：now, therefore, the parties agree as follows.由此，合同方约定如下例六：It is understood and expressively agreed that.双方确认并明确约定如下2.证明部分，即结尾词(Attestation)英文合同的该部分，通常表达“双方签字盖章，特此为证”的含义。主要是由in witness where of或者in