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1、形容词、副词比较级和最高级,语法知识汇总一)定义:形容词:形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质,状态和特征的 程度,好坏与否。副词:用来修饰形容词、副词、动词,表示程度或者做某件事的方式、方 法等。二)基本用法考点1:形容词的位置1)形容词作定语,通常放在所修饰的名词前There is a beautiful picture on the wall.2)形容词作表语,放在连系动词后。系动词+形容词It is very kind of you to help me with my English.注:系动词的主要分类:状态系动词:be持续系动词:keep, stay,表像系动词:seem
2、, look感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste变化系动词:become, grow, turn, get, go, come, run, fall考点2:副词的位置1)修饰动词作状语多数位于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语之后。The farmers are working hard in the field.The nurse looks after the babies carefully.频度副词放在动词前,情态动词和助动词之后。He always goes to school On foot.She was often late for school.2
3、)修饰形容词作状语,放在形容词前。He has a very nice watch.The box is too heavy.考点3:副词的分类频度副词:often, always, usually, seldom, never, sometimes.地点副词:here, there, everywhere, anywhere, inside, outside, back, home.方式副词:carefully, suddenly, normally, fast, well,程度副词:much, little, very, rather, so, too, quite, perfectly,
4、 almost.考点4:形容词变副词规则例词1.一般情况下直接加“ly”quick-quickly, sad-sadly2.辅音字母+y结尾,且y发音为/I/,改y 为i,再加“ly”happy-happily heavy-heavily3.以辅音+le结尾的,去e再加“y”simple-simply, possible-possibly4.以11结尾,直接加“y”dull-dully5少数以e结尾的,去e再加“ly”true-truly注意:常见形容词副词同形的有:hard, fast, early, high等有些单词以“ly结尾,是形容词,常见的有:ugly, lovely, frien
5、dly, silly等考点5:比较级、最高级的变化规则变化构成原级比较级最同级一般在词尾加-er-esthighhigherhighest以不发音字母e结尾只-r-estbravebraverbravest重读闭音节双写 加-er-estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest以y结尾变y为i 加-er-estbusybusierbusiest多音节词和部分双音节 词在词前加more mosthappyhappierhappiestinterestingmore interestingmost interesting不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / well
6、betterbestbad /badly/ illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittle(不可数,不规则变化)lessleastoldolder (表语)oldest (表语)elder (定语,“年长的”)eldest (定语,“最年长的”)farfarther (距离上,“更远的”)farthest (距离上,“最远的”)fiirther (程度上,“进一步 的”)furthest (程度上,仅取大程度 的”)考点6:比较级、最高级的用法一、原级的用法肯定句用“as+原级形容词+as”结构,表示两者的情况一样如:Mary is as tall as her
7、sister.否定句用not as/so+原级形容词+as结构,表示后者不如前者 如:It is not as/so warm as it was yesterday.二、比较级的用法比较级句型:主语A +谓语动词+形/副比较级+ than + BA比B如:He is older than me.他比我年长。She dances better than me.她比我跳得好。【拓展】比较级的其他表达方式the+形容词比较级+of the two+表示是两者中较的。如:He is the heavier of the two boys.比较级+and+比较级表示越来越o如:He is gettin
8、g taller and taller.他越来越高。the+比较级,the+比较级表示越越o如:The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越细心,就会越少犯错误。The harder you work , the better youll be.你越努力工作,你就会变得越好。三、最高级的用法最高级句型:主语+谓语动词+the+形/副最高级+介词短语如:He is the tallest in our class.他是我们班最高的。He runs fastest of the five boys.他是5个男孩中跑得最快的。注意:副词最高级前the常省略。【拓展】最高级的其他表达形式主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语表示是中最之一如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.序数词+最高级表示第几.如:Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.