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1、高高 考考 英英 语语长长 难难 句句 分分 析析选自2023高考真题阅读01/02/写作句式拓展练习长难句分析长难句分析练习练习CONTENTRevision三长两短一平行的标记原则主干主干三三长两短两短一平行一平行主主谓SV介介词词短短语语非非谓谓语语短短语语从句从句形容形容词词副副词词并列并列结结构构主主谓宾SVO主主谓宾宾SVOO主主谓宾补SVOC主系表主系表SLPCompulsory(括号原括号原则则)不做不做标记下划下划线同位同位语、插入、插入语、强调句、省略句、倒装句的嵌套句、省略句、倒装句的嵌套Revision“一括二划三会意”三步法去繁存去繁存简简抓主干抓主干无无论论句子多句
2、子多长长,结结构多么复构多么复杂杂,句子都是由一些基本成分句子都是由一些基本成分组组成的。因此突破成的。因此突破长难长难句的关句的关键键在于在于先找到句子的主干先找到句子的主干,再分析其他成分再分析其他成分 借助连词借助连词/引导词划意群引导词划意群运用运用语语法知法知识识,借助借助连词连词/引引导词导词的提示的提示,将将长长句分解成若干意群句分解成若干意群,以降低理解以降低理解难难度度 调整语序明句意调整语序明句意理解句意理解句意时时,应应注意英、注意英、汉汉两种两种语语言的差异言的差异,合理合理调调整整语语序序。Revision攻克三个“拦路虎”非简单句非简单句并列句并列句：句子句子+并列
3、并列连词连词(and,but,or,while,so,notonly.butalso.,either.or.等等)十句子十句子主从复合句主从复合句：主从复合句中的三大从句主从复合句中的三大从句为为:定定语语从句、名从句、名词词性从性从句句和状和状语语从句。从句。非谓语动词非谓语动词(短语短语)非非谓语动词谓语动词(短短语语)在句中可作主在句中可作主语语、表、表语语、宾语宾语、定、定语语、补语补语和状和状语语，主要形式，主要形式为：为：todo，doing，done。非正常语序非正常语序非正常非正常语语序的句子主要指序的句子主要指倒装句倒装句和和强强调调句句。高考长难句分析高考长难句分析11.A
4、 person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺刺激激)with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.(2023年年北北京京卷卷阅读阅读表达表达)本句为本句为主从复合句主从复合句。主干：主干：A person is thought to develop a habitA person is thought to develop a habit。其修饰成分为：其修饰成分为
5、：inthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincueswithbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal翻译：人们认为，一个人在追求目标的过程中，会将某些特定的刺激与有助于实现目标的行为反应联系起来，从而养成一种习惯。2.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the aver
6、ages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.（2023年新高考年新高考I卷卷阅读阅读理解理解D篇）篇）本句含有多个从句。主句：本句含有多个从句。主句：The key finding of the study was.。that引导的引导的表语从句表语从句，that在句子中在句子中不作成分，无含义不作成分，无含义，该从句的主干是，该从句的主干是theaveragesweremoreaccurate。when引导的引导的时间状语从句时间状语从
7、句。that引导的引导的定语从句定语从句，修饰先行词，修饰先行词smallergroups。翻译：该研究最重要的发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组，允许彼此进行讨论时，这些小组的平均结果比同等数量独立个体的平均结果更加准确。3.In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerab
8、le,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.（2023年年新新高考高考I卷卷阅读阅读理解理解C篇）篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：本句是主从复合句。主句：I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism。starting作作非谓语动词非谓语动词，引导状语，相当于，引导状语，相当于whichstartwith.；其中，；其中，that引导的是引导的是定语从句定语从句，修饰，修饰theforces。movin
9、g作作非谓语动词非谓语动词，引导状语，且与，引导状语，且与形成形成先后顺序先后顺序的逻辑关系。的逻辑关系。注意在英译汉中，定语从句和注意在英译汉中，定语从句和“名介名名介名”的短语需要的短语需要从后往前翻从后往前翻。翻译：在第一部分里，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先分析了让许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的因素，然后详细探讨了什么是数字极简主义哲学。4.The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book
10、,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.（2023年全国乙卷年全国乙卷阅读阅读理解理解D篇）篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：本句是主从复合句。主句：The CT,AA,AP,I can speak to us。allofwhom引导的是引导的是定语从句定语从句。speak(tosb.)ofsth.意为意为“谈论，提及谈论，提及.”。through
11、theobjectstheymade作作方式状语方式状语，theymade是是定语从句定语从句，省略，省略了关联词了关联词that。ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice中中toldthroughthings作作定语定语，修饰，修饰history。翻译：翻译：加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的原住民、非洲的贝宁人和印加人，所有这些出现在本书中的人们，都可以通过他们制造的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过往的成就：通过物品讲述的历史让他们重新得到了发声的机会。5.The goal of this book is to make the case for di
12、gital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.（2023年新高考年新高考I卷卷阅读阅读理解理解C篇）篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：本句是主从复合句。主句：The goal is to make.and then to teach.。makethecaseforsth意为意为“说说明某物的情况明某物的情况”。incl
13、uding引导的状语用来引导的状语用来补充具体内容补充具体内容，后面只能加，后面只能加名词名词(性短语性短语)。why&who&how引导的是引导的是宾语从句宾语从句；work作为动词时意为作为动词时意为“起作用，生效起作用，生效”。if引导的是引导的是条件状语从句条件状语从句。itsrightforyou是是decide的的宾语从句宾语从句，省略了关联词，省略了关联词that。翻译：翻译：本书的目的是说明数字极简主义的理由，包括详细探讨它有何要求，以及为什么有效，然后教你如何应用这种哲学，如果你确定适合自己。6.Even though Britain has a reputation for
14、 less-than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.（2023年全国乙卷年全国乙卷阅读阅读理解理解C篇）篇）本句是主从复合句。本句虽然较长，但是结构简单，只需找准结构既可快速拆分本句是主从复合句。本句虽然较长，但是结构简单，只需找准结构既可快速拆分句子，理解整体大意。句子，理解整体大意。主句：主句：i
15、t is producing more top class chefs。eventhough引导的是引导的是条件状语从句条件状语从句。who&whose作为并列的作为并列的定语从句定语从句，修饰先行词，修饰先行词chefs。top在本句中作在本句中作谓语动词谓语动词，意为，意为“登上顶峰，名列前茅登上顶峰，名列前茅”。翻译：翻译：尽管英国的菜肴有个不怎么样的名声，但是越来越多的顶级厨师来自英国，他们经常出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常在畅销书列表上名列前茅。7.Its thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign t
16、hat Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.（2023年年全国乙卷全国乙卷阅读阅读理解理解C篇）篇）本句是本句是强调句强调句。该句主要结构为：该句主要结构为：Itis+强调内容强调内容+that/who从句，其主要特征是删除掉结构从句，其主要特征是删除掉结构后整个句子仍然完整。后整个句子仍然完整。主句：主句：Britons are turning away and becoming mor
17、e adventurous。from和和in引导的介词短语作为修饰词，对句子的内容进行引导的介词短语作为修饰词，对句子的内容进行进一步解释说明进一步解释说明。一般用连字符一般用连字符“-”连接在一起的合成词都为连接在一起的合成词都为形容词形容词。翻译：翻译：正是由于这些电视大厨而不是任何广告活动，英国人正在远离一荤两素和预制菜，他们的烹饪习惯变得更加大胆。8.Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would h
18、ave been prepared and managed my time wisely.（2023年全国乙卷年全国乙卷阅读阅读理解理解B篇）篇）本句是主从复合句。本句是主从复合句。主句：主句：they are some of my best shots。lookingback引导的是引导的是现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，意为，意为“回顾回顾”。thought引导的是引导的是让步状语从句让步状语从句。if引导的是引导的是条件状语从句条件状语从句；wouldhavedone为为虚拟语气虚拟语气，表示，表示“本应该，本本应该，本能够能够”，指代与现在事实，指代与现在事实相反相反。翻译：翻译：不过，
19、回顾这些照片，它们是我拍得最好的照片，虽然如果我能做好准备并且合理管理时间，它们可能会好得多。【真题再现】【真题再现】How does the author find his photos taken at DevilHow does the author find his photos taken at Devils s Lake?Lake?A.Amusing.A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging.C.Encouraging.D.Comforting.D.Comforting.9.Weiner enters into conver
20、sation with some of the most important philosophers in history,and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解解 读读)their messages and adding his own interpretation.（2023年全国甲卷年全国甲卷阅读阅读理解理解C篇）篇）本句是本句是并列句并列句。主句：主句：Weiner enters.and he becomes.。with的复合结构表示的复合结构表示伴随伴随。partof引导的介词短语作引导的介词短语
21、作becomes的的宾语宾语。by引导两个并列动词作引导两个并列动词作非谓语非谓语，表示，表示“通过通过.方式方式”。翻译：翻译：韦纳与历史上最重要的一些哲学家进行对话，在这个过程里，通过解读他们的话语并加入自己的解释，他也融入到了哲学家之中。10.Rather than setting plans in stone,Ive learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered,even if they dont sound perfect at the time,and make the most o
22、f them.（2023年年北北京京卷卷阅阅读读理理解解B篇）篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：本句是主从复合句。主句：Ive learned that I need to take the opportunities and make the most of them。ratherthan作作状语状语，是直接被转折短语否定掉的信息，侧重的内容，是直接被转折短语否定掉的信息，侧重的内容在后面在后面；set.instone意为意为“板上钉钉板上钉钉”。learned后的后的that引导引导宾语从句宾语从句；而；而opportunities后的后的that引导引导定语从句定语从句。evenif引导的是引
23、导的是让步状语从句让步状语从句；and连接的是连接的是并列句并列句。翻译：翻译：我明白了有时需要去抓住出现的机会，并且充分利用它们，而不是一成不变地按照计划做，即使这些机会当时听起来并不完美。写作长难句拓展写作长难句拓展20101追加成分追加成分注意：注意：“1.“1.词数词数8080左右；左右；2.2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯”。目的：扩展句子，充实文章目的：扩展句子，充实文章 方法：在要点句基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语方法：在要点句基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句从句)、状语、状语(从句从句)()(如目的、条件、原因、结果、方式
24、等如目的、条件、原因、结果、方式等)、非、非谓语结构、独立主格结构、举例等，使表达更丰满，内容更充实，谓语结构、独立主格结构、举例等，使表达更丰满，内容更充实，主题更突出。主题更突出。特点：结构多变，句式多样特点：结构多变，句式多样1.(提醒演讲参赛选手提醒演讲参赛选手)要守时、讲卫生、守纪律。要守时、讲卫生、守纪律。Pleasearriveontime,keepquietanddontlitteraround.Pleasearrivethereontime,forwhoeverislatewontbeallowedtoenter(因为迟到的人不让进).Its bad manners toli
25、tteraround.Andalwayskeepquietwhilewaitingforyourturn(在等待轮到你的时候).2.(演讲注意事项演讲注意事项)要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。Besuretowearasmileonyourface.Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearly.Besuretowearasmileonyourfacewhenyouspeak(当你说话的时候),whichwillmakeyourelaxed(这能使你放松).Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearly
26、sothatyoucanleaveagoodimpressionontheaudienceandjudges(这样子你可以给观众和裁判留下好印象).1(2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达)(告知将举办音乐节告知将举办音乐节)我们学我们学校音乐厅将举办一场中国古典音乐会。校音乐厅将举办一场中国古典音乐会。Asweallknow,thereisaChineseclassicalmusicconcertthatwillbeheldinthemusichallofourschoolonNovember8th.Accordingtotheconcertposter,manymusicmasterpie
27、ceswillbeplayedbyafamousband.2(2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达)(介绍语言能力介绍语言能力)克服语言障克服语言障碍。碍。Whatsmore,withagoodcommandofEnglish,ImsureIcanovercomethelanguagebarrier,whichallowsmetocomm-unicatesmoothlywithBritishpaintinglovers.3(2018全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达)(通知学校放映电影通知学校放映电影)这部英这部英文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。TheEnglishs
28、hortfilmismainlyrelatedtothedevelopmentofourschool,which willgreatly help us students know theschoolshistorybetterandappealtoustomakecontributionstoourschoolsdevelopment.4(2018全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达)(介绍学校体育馆介绍学校体育馆)体育馆已体育馆已经建立起来，许多运动项目可在里面举行。经建立起来，许多运动项目可在里面举行。Tobeginwith,anewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup,whichhasb
29、ecomethenewlandmarkinourschool.Moreover,withthestadiumsetup,awiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld,of which table tennis,football as well as runningcompetitionsenjoygreatpopularity.5(2018北京高考书面表达北京高考书面表达)(咨询来北京上大学咨询来北京上大学)建议你建议你上北京大学，中国文学专业适合你。上北京大学，中国文学专业适合你。LearningyourkeeninterestinChinesecultur
30、e,Isuggestyouapply for Peking University,one of the best universities inChina.ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyouwhereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandrichculture.0202补加语句补加语句补加语句是常见的补加语句是常见的“增加细节增加细节”的方法，这可以使文章显得错的方法，这可以使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且
31、使文章读起来铿锵有力，从而使作文在内容上更加连贯、丰满。铿锵有力，从而使作文在内容上更加连贯、丰满。目的：充实文章，增强连贯性目的：充实文章，增强连贯性方法：根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或方法：根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既起到前引后联的作用，又能由要点衍生的句子，既起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关补充一些相关补充一些相关补充一些相关信息信息信息信息，帮助阅卷者理解所写内容。同时，还能协调句式，帮助阅卷者理解所写内容。同时，还能协调句式，避免句避免句式单调式单调的问题的问题特色：协调句式，结构多样特色：协调句式，结构多样技法技法1 1列举
32、具体的实例进行补充说明列举具体的实例进行补充说明我喜欢读书。I like reading books,+such as novels,short stories,magazines and newspapers.我要花一些时间和父母在一起。Ill spend some time staying with my parents.+chatting with them and doing some housework.我想找一个像我一样喜欢旅行的笔友。Id like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.+If
33、possible,we can travel together or share our unforgettable traveling experiences.技法技法2 2增添与所写信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写以增添与所写信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容及背景渲染等内容我有时去村西的小河游泳。I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then.+The water in the river is very clear.(背景渲染)+Weather permitting,I go swimmi
34、ng in the river of the west of the village now and then.(相关条件)旅行了一周后，他回到了家。After a weeks trip,he returned home.+tired but very happy.(心理描写)技法技法3 3增加相关信息的时间、地点等内容增加相关信息的时间、地点等内容我要和父母一起去超市购物。Im going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket.+and wont be back until about 5:00 in the after
35、noon.(增加时间)我已经带来了你让我归还的这两本书。I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return.+to the City Library.(增加地点)(谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给最急需的人。The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.+This will not only help them get through difficulties,but also give them warmth and hap
36、piness.(增加意义)1(2019全国卷书面表达)(介绍音乐节的情况)Asscheduled,thefestivalwillstartat9:00a.m.onAugust15th.(1)Itwilllasttwoandahalfhours.(持续时长)(2)Additionally,wewillbefullyabsorbedintheattractiveandfascinatingperformances.(活动内容)(3)Andatthesametimewewillsitonthegrassandenjoythetastyfoodanddrinksprovidedbysponsors.(
37、其它活动)(4)Furthermore,wealsoexpecttoseeyouonthestagethen.(表达期待)2(说明自己所擅长的两项技艺)AsaChinese,Imgoodatmanyskillsrelatedtoourtraditionalculture.Butamongthem,Taichiismyfavoritebecauseitdoesmuchgoodtomyhealth.(1)ImsureAmericanfriendswillbealsocrazyaboutitaftertheytouchit.(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)Andasyouknow,Chineseco
38、okingispopularallovertheworld.(2)IthappensthatImexpertatit,andImgladtopresentsometraditionalChinesedishestoeverybody.(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)3(2018天津高考书面表达)邀请他的原因(1)Wearedesperatelyinneedofyourhelp.(邀请的原因)Soasthegroupleader,Isincerelyinviteyoutojoinus.(2)Iamconvincedthatwithourjointeffortswecanundoubtedlyge
39、tgoodresults.(我坚信我们共同的努力会得到好的结果)(3)Whatsmore,Iwille-mailyouourtrainingplansoon,hopingyoucanoffersomeconstructivesuggestionsregardingit.(我邮件发你我们的培训计划，希望你可以提供一些建设性的建议)4(2018浙江高考书面表达)(应聘志愿者的相关经验)Firstly,IcanspeakfluentEnglishand(1)Ihavelittledifficultycommuni-catingwithforeigners.(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)Second
40、ly,Ihelpedreceivesomevisitingforeignerstoourschoollastyear.(2)Thisexperienceissuretoenablemetodobetterthisyear.(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)5(互联网的好处)TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.Wecannotonlyreadnewsfromhomeandabroad,butalsogetinformation,sendemailsandattendonlineschools.(不仅可以.而且可以.
41、)0303增加过渡增加过渡增加过渡是常见的增加过渡是常见的“增加细节增加细节”的方法，过渡性词语和过渡性语句的使的方法，过渡性词语和过渡性语句的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些使用一些承上启下承上启下承上启下承上启下的的过渡过渡过渡过渡(连接连接连接连接)性词语性词语性词语性词语，句子可避免语句陡转直下，不联不，句子可避免语句陡转直下，不联不搭，通过合理过渡，实现语句的搭，通过合理过渡，实现语句的衔接顺畅衔接顺畅衔接顺畅衔接顺畅。这就需要考生在日常学习中积累。这就需要考生在日常学习中积
42、累背诵常用的过渡词。例如：表示列举的背诵常用的过渡词。例如：表示列举的firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally；表示；表示自己看法的自己看法的as far as Im concerned,from my point of view,in my opinion；表；表示转折的示转折的on the contrary,however,every coin has two sides等。等。目的：增加凝聚力，突出连贯性目的：增加凝聚力，突出连贯性方法：根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡性方法：根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡性词语，或者过渡
43、句，以使文章浑然一体，提高说服力词语，或者过渡句，以使文章浑然一体，提高说服力 特色：行文连贯，条理清晰特色：行文连贯，条理清晰1(话题：家长用车接送学生引起校门口拥堵)Ourtrafficdepartmentshouldstrengthenmanagementtomaketheparentsobeytrafficrules.Ourschoolshouldappealtousstudentstowalkorrideabiketoandfromschool,whichisnotonlyfriendlytoourtrafficenvironmentbutalsoisgoodforstudentsh
44、ealth.2(去美国学习英语询问具体问题)Imconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.Imwonderingwhetheraprivatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.Itendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustoms thatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?Imsureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot
45、.2(去美国学习英语询问具体问题)Imconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.Imwonderingwhetheraprivatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.Itendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustoms thatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?Imsureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot.1.(2
46、019全国卷书面表达)Firstofall/Tobeginwith(首先),ImabigfanoftraditionalChinesepaintings.Therefore(因此),IamcapableofofferingvisitorsdetailedexplanationsonthestoriesoffamousChinesepainters.2.(2018浙江高考写作)Welostourwayintheforestandtomakemattersworse/worsestill(更糟的是),itgotdark.3.(2018北京高考书面表达)Inmyopinion/view(依我看),s
47、tudyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnevereasy.4.Ontheonehand(一方面),theycansweepthetombsforthedead.Ontheotherhand(另一方面),theycangoforawalkinthecountryinspringwhenthegrasshasjustturnedgreen.5.Inaword/Inconclusion/Inshort/Inbrief(总之),successisimportant,andsoisfailure,becauseitsthemotherofsuccess.Recent
48、ly,it has been a great public concern that the students lack selfprotection awareness.There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all.1.For one thing,security comes first.2.For another thing,protecting ourselves c
49、ontributes to the healthy development of us students.3.Meanwhile,it also helps to build a more harmonious society.4.Personally,in order to protect us students,5.above all,we should strengthen our security awareness.6.Besides,when accidents occur,we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents fo
50、r help.7.In a word,only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.(2019全国卷书面表达)(话题：申请作为伦敦一家美术馆举办中国画展览的志愿者的优势)Firstofall,(1)havinglivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavinglearntEnglishsinceIwasachild,IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese,(2)whichisbeneficialforintroduc