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1、第六十讲短文改错综合答题技巧一学习目标1 .掌握短文改错答题技巧二考点解析一、短文改错解题“6要诀”1 .左顾右盼查名词考生应注意搜寻名词本身出现的错误，还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词、该用何种限定词, 尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况。当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意。单句改错（2016全国卷 II ）If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.分析：knowledge为不可数名词，不能用复数。故knowledges改为knowledge。（201
2、5全国卷 I ）Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.分析：城市生活与乡村生活对比，此处特指乡村，故应在countryside前加the。2 .与时俱进查动词考生应认真分析动词时态、语态的使用是否正确，是否应用非谓语动词形式。尤其要根据上 下文所提供的时间信息，仔细推敲，从而确定正确的动词时态。同时还需要考虑主谓一致与 虚拟语气。单句改错（2016全国卷 II ）We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.分析：情态动词后跟动词原形，chose的
3、原形是chooseo故把chose改为chooseo（2015全国卷 I ）When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 分析：这两句话是回忆童年的事情，因此应用一般过去时。故把think改为thought。3 .起承转合查连词考生应认真分析句子结构，如果是并列句或复合句，要特别注意前后分句或主从句的关系, 确保在意义和结构上通顺流畅。单句改错（2016全国卷 I ）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high qua
4、lity oil are used for cooking.分析：fresh vegetables与high quality oil是并列关系，不是选择关系，故将or改为and。（2016全国卷 II ）If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.分析：it is comfortable与no need to spend money为并列关系，并非转折关系，应将but改为 ando4 .文通理顺查逻辑考生应特别关注文章的“文通理顺”，“文通”指行文合乎英文词法、句法；“理顺”指行 文逻辑符合
5、人们普遍认可的道理。单句改错（2016全国卷 I ）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live .Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.分析:由“My uncle is the owner of a restaurant”可知,餐馆是“我”叔叔的,故将our改为 hiso（2015浙江高考）Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it. Farthe
6、r in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.分析：根据上下文内容可知，从远处可以看到雪山。故将could后的not去掉。5 .搭配之中查介词英语中很多短语和固定搭配都是与介词构成的，短文改错中介词的考查具有举足轻重的地 位。考生应特别关注短语或固定搭配中的介词搭配。单句改错（2016全国卷 I ）My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. 分析：dream of doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“梦
7、想做某事，故dreams后加of。（2015全国卷 I ）Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.分析：句意：随着工业化的发展，环境被污染了。w汕表示“随着”，符合题意。故将on改 为 witho6 . 一见形、副思转换遇到形容词、副词时，考生应考虑它们之间的转换。无论是短文改错还是语法填空，形容词 与副词之间的转换都是经常考查的。单句改错（2016全国卷 I ）Instead, he hopes that his business will grow s
8、teady.分析：grow在此是实义动词并非连系动词，应用副词修饰。故steady改为steadily。（2014全国卷 I ）We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!分析:修饰名词tomatoes应该用形容词形式,而不能用副词，故将wonderfully改为wonderfulo 二、短文改错解题“4步走”1 .通读全文，了解大意。注意语篇结构和行文逻辑。切忌在不了解文章大意的情况下，逐 字逐行地进行修改。2 .先易后难，缩小范围。在通读全文的过程中，可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正，然 后再根据具体语境，仔细分析判断，将注意力集中在较难的
9、句子上。3 .把握句意，逐行判断。可依据以下口诀判断：动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子结构多分析，逻辑错误须关注。4 .再次通读，复查验证。把大部分错误改正之后，如果还有拿不准的地方，就应再次通读 全文，并利用语感来做最后的判断。三、短文改错解题“4原则”1 .改动处以最少为原则。短文改错题要求每句最多有两处错误。改动的方法可以是增词、 删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或将一个词改成另一个词。2 .实词以改变词形为原则。在短文改错题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词 的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。3 .虚词以添
10、加或删除为原则。历年的短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有2至3 处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词（如冠词、介词等），不是实词（如动词、名词等），否 则会改变句子的原意。4 .以保持句子原意不变为原则。做短文改错题时，一般不应改变句子原意。改错时，应该 针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意，做到“换词 不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意”。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从 之。课堂巩固训练Whats your attitude to April Foofs Day? A survey has done in our school and it s
11、hows that there are three different opinion. About 40% of the students thought it fun to have such a specially day to play jokes on each other. Besides, it adds many pleasure to our school life. At the same time, we can take this chance to test that our classmates are clever enough. But 30% of us do
12、nt like the day because everything that seems in disorder and you dont knowwhom to believe or how to do. Furthermore, most jokes are boring and some even go too far, but they often cause trouble or anger. The rest think people just play jokes; dont too serious.答案： 第二句：has 后力口 been; opinionopinions第三
13、句：thought一think; specially一special第 四句： many一much第五句：thatwhether/if第六句：去掉that; how-what第七句：butso第八句：don*t后加be三练习题AI was recent told that listening to loud music is gradually 1.making people hard of hearing. Pm sure it has already been 2.happened to my neighbor. For yeans she has turned a deaf 3.ear
14、to my requests to turn her radio down. When she gave a 4.party she isnt have to invite the rest of the street. Everyone 5.can dance in her music in his own room. Now a scientist has 6.discovered a certain electronic sounds have strange effects on 7.rats. He declares they break down, almost paralyze（
15、瘫）with, 8.legs trembled. Then it is simply a matter of throwing them 9.out by their laiL I wonder if the same thing will happen to 10.my neighbor someday.BDear Ralph,Im a” senior student. I have be in love with a boy for three 1.years. But he is a shy boy, so I wrote him a letter firstly 2.to expres
16、s my feeling. And he wrote back. In his letter 3. he said, nWe are students. Our task is study. Let us wait 4. to see until we have any chance after graduation.n So 5. after graduation I telephoned to him, asking him about 6.go out . But he said he didnt want to. He just7.8.9.wanted to sleep and wat
17、ched TV.What do you think I should do? Do you thinkI should continue to love him and give up Sheila? 10.Before leaving the class, the teacher, Miss White,said to her class, Dont leave yourseats. Read your books on yourselves. You1.would study hard and be good students. n As soon as the teacher went
18、away, the classroom becoming noisy. One boy drew a picture of the teacher on the blackboard. Another boy began to make face just to make the other students to laugh. The boy6.put his finger close to his mouth and tell theclass that Miss White is coming back. All the students sat down their seats and
19、 the classroomDOnce there lived a boy was very fond of reading. But he was so poor to buy any lived far away. The boy always tried hard to finish read the books and returned therm to the owner within the giving time. So the rich man was ready lending him any of the books he wanted them. In this way
20、he read a lotandrHowever, the rich mans son who didnt like to studyremained a man with a little knowledge.参考答案：A1 .recently 2. 去掉 been 3正确 4. gave-gives 5. isnt-doesnt6. in-to 7.去掉 a 8. with 后加 their 9. trembledtrembling 10. tail-tailsB1. be-been 2. firstlyfirst 3. feeling-feelings 4. study 前力H to 5
21、. until if / whether6. to 7. go-going 8. watchedwatch 9.对 10. and一orC1. on-by 2. would-should 3. becoming-became 4. N 5. face-faces6,去掉第二个 to J. tell-told 8. is-was 9.down-down on 10. open-openedDLboy 后力口 who 2. so-too 3. 4. Jived-who lived 5. read-reading6. giving-given 7. lending-to lend 8.去掉 them 9. late-later 10.去掉第二个 a