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1、高考3500高频词汇讲解181. optimistic adj.一、变形：二、词义：1）乐观主义的e.g. Shes not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.她对会谈的结果不太乐观。三、派生词adv. optimistically 乐观地n.optimism乐观；乐观主义optimist乐观主义者；乐天派vt. optimize使最优化，使完善2. surprise v.一、变形：s,ing,ed,ed二、词义：1）使吃惊e.g. It surprised me that such a driver should make thos
2、e mistakes.令我吃惊的是，像阿莱恩这样有经验的一位司机竟然会犯那些错误。2）使措手不及sb.e.g. The army attacked at night to surprise the rebels.军队在夜间发起攻击，把叛乱者打了个措手不及。三、词组1） to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是e.g. To ones surprise, he succeed finally.让我们吃惊的是，他最后成功了。2） by surprise出其不意地e.g. You should be aware of the shortcomings so they dont catch yo
3、u by surprise. 您应该意识到这个缺点，这样以来您就不会被它们意外地诱入陷阱。3） in surprise 惊奇地e.g. Everyone looked at him in surprise .每个人都惊讶地看着他。四、派生词adj.surprised感到惊讶的，出人意料的surprising令人惊讶的；意外的adv. surprisingly惊人地；出人意外地3. direction n.一、变形：directions二、词义：1）方向e.g. They hit a truck coming in the opposite direction .他们撞上一辆迎面开来的卡车。ad
4、v. conditionally 附有条件地n. conditioner 调节器四、辨析condition, terms都有“条件”的意思，其区别是：condition：通常指为实现许诺、协议、计划、合同等而订出的必须遵守或满 足的作为前提的条件或要求。terms：指谈判或订立合同等时，一方或双方提出或同意的条件。2）用法说明e.g. I should know by now not to throw away the directions until weve finished cooking.我现在应该明白，饭没做完之前，不要把食谱扔掉。三、词组1） in the direction of
5、 朝方向； 在方向e.g. You must constantly move in the direction of that goal.你必须坚持不懈的朝着目标的方向进发。2） in all directions四面八方；全面地；向各方面e.g. During the rush hours, you can often see a boiling sea of bicycles running in all directions.在高峰期间，你可经常看见沸腾的自行车海洋涌向四面八方。四、派生词adj. direct直接的；直系的；亲身的；恰好的n. director主任，主管；导演；人事助理
6、v. direct导演；指导；指挥4. silence n./v.一、变形：二、词义：1）沉默e.g. He never lets those long silences develop during dinner.他在晚餐时从不会让长时间的沉默出现。V. silences, silenced, silenced, silencing1）制止（发表不同意见）e.g. Like other tyrants, he tried to silence anyone who spoke out against him.像其他暴君一样，他试图压制任何公开反对他的人。三、词组1） in silence 沉
7、默地e.g. Outbreaks in silence or die in silence, you will choose which one?在沉默中爆发还是在沉默中消亡，你会选择哪一个？2） keep silence保持沉默，保持安静e.g. You have the right to keep silence, but each word you say will become the testimony.你有权保持沉默，但你所说的每一句话都可能会成为呈堂证供。四、派生词adj. silent沉默的；寂静的；无记载的adv. silently默默地；静静地5. contact v.一、
8、变形：contacts contacted, contacted, contacting,二、词义：1）联系，联络（如用电话或信件）e.g. Pve been trying to contact you all day.我一整天都在设法与你联系。n.1)联系，联络with sb.e.g. Have you kept in contact with any of your friends from college ?你和你大学里的朋友还保持联系吗？2)触摸；接触e.g. This substance should not come into contact with food.这种物质切莫与食物
9、接触。3)会见；交往e.g. We have good contacts with the local community.我们与当地社区关系甚好。三、词组1) in contact with接触；与有联系e.g. It is important not to come in contact with blood because of the health risks.一定不要直接接触血液，这很重要，因为这对健康有很大的危害。6. consequence n.一、变形：consequences二、词义：1)结果；后果e.g. Her lawyer said she understood the
10、 consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail.她的律师说她明白自己行为的后果并准备去坐牢。三、词组1) as a consequence 因此，结果e.g. After graduation, he became quite lazy. As a consequence, he lost what he owned.毕业后，他变得懒惰起来，结果失去了自己所有的一切。2) in consequence 因此；结果e.g. She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her
11、 application was rejected. 她超过了限定年龄，因此，她的申请被拒绝了。3) as a consequence of因此；由于的结果e.g. This eventually came true and the entire planet is a changed place as a consequence of it.最终，它实现了，所带来的结果是整个地球发生了翻天覆地的变化。4) in consequence of由于的缘故e.g. Most buyers have withdrawn from the market in consequence of unstab
12、le prices.由于价格不稳定的缘故，大多数买主已退出市场。5) of consequence 重要，有意义e.g. Changes in the tax law are of consequence to all investors.税法中的变化对于所有投资者来说都十分重要。四、派生词adj.consequent随之发生的；作为结果的consequential间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的；自傲的adv.consequently因此；结果；所以7) bargain v.一、变形：bargains, bargained, bargained, bargaining, 二、词义：1）谈判
13、；讨价还价 bargain with sb.e.g. In the market dealers were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.在市场上商人正和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商谈。n.1）减价品；便宜货e.g. At this price the wine is a bargain.以这个价格，这葡萄酒算是物美价廉了。2）协议e.g. Fve done what I promised and I expect you to keep your side of the bargain . 我已经履约，希望你也能遵守协议。三、派
14、生词n.bargainer交易者；买卖约定者；讨价还价的人bargainor卖方；出让人8) quality n.一、变形：二、词义：1）质量 N-UNCOUNTe.g. Their quality of life improved dramatically when they moved to France.他们移居法国以后，生活质量大大提高。2）优良品质N-COUNTe.g. The man has such personal qualities as honesty and generosity.这个人有着诚实和宽容的好品质。三、派生词adj. qualitative 定性的9) acc
15、ount v.一、 变形：accounts, accounted, accounted, accounting二、词义：1）认为是；视为e.g. In English law a person is accounted innocent until they are proved guilty.按英格兰法律，一个人未经证实有罪之前被视为无罪。n.1）账户e.g. I paid the cheque into my savings account.我把支票存入我的储蓄账户。2）报道e.g. He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fa
16、teful night.他对那个决定命运的夜晚所发生的事情做了一个详细的报道。三、词组1） account for （数量、比例上）占；解释e.g. Computers account fbr 5% of the country!s commercial electricity consumption.电脑占了这个国家商业用电的5%oe.g. The gene they discovered today doesnt account fbr all those cases.他们今天发现的那种基因解释不了所有的那些情况。2） take sth. into account 将纳入考虑e.g. Yo
17、u should take into account not only the price but also the quality.你应予以考虑的不仅是价格，而且还有质量。四、派生词1） adj. accountable有责任的；有解释义务的；可解释的2） n. accounting会计，会计学；帐单10. permit v.一、变形：permits, permitted, permitted, permitting,二、词义：1）允许e.g. Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.参观者请勿拍照。2）使有可能e.g. We hope
18、to visit the cathedral, if time permits.如果时间允许，我们希望能参观一下主教座堂。三、词组1） permit of允许；容许有e.g. His health did not permit of staying there.他的健康状况不允许他留在那里。四、派生词adj.permissible可允许的；获得准许的permissive许可的；自由的；宽容的adv. permissibly获准地；得到许可地n. permission 允许，许可11. develop v.变形：develops, developed, developed, developing
19、词义：1）发展，成长e.g. The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing community into a thriving tourist resort.这地方由原来的小渔村迅速发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地。2）开发；研制e.g. The company develops and markets new software.这家公司开发并销售新软件。3）患（病）；出现（问题）e.g. The car developed engine trouble and we had to stop.汽车发动机出了故障，我们只好停下来。e.g. He
20、r son developed asthma when he was two.她的儿子两岁时患了哮喘。三、派生词adj.developed发达的（国家或地区）；成熟的developing发展中的developmental发展的；启发的n.development发展;开发；发育；developer 开发者12. influence v./n.一、变形：influences, influenced, influenced, influencing二、词义：1）影响；对起作用e.g. His writings have influenced the lives of millions.他的作品影响了
21、千百万人的一生。2）支配；左右e.g. A number of social factors influence life expectancy.诸多社会因素左右着人的预期寿命。n.1） 影响；作用（on/upon sb/sth）e.g. What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对儿童究竟有什么影响？2）权势e.g. He used his influence to get his son into medical school.他利用权势把儿子弄进了医学院。3）有影响的人（或事物）e.g. cultural infl
22、uences 文化影响e.g. Those friends are a bad influence on her.那些朋友对她有负面的影响。e.g. His first music teacher was a major influence in his life.他的第一位音乐老师是他一生中对他影响非常大的人。三、派生词adj. influential有影响的；有势力的adv. influentially有影响地；有力地四、辨析effect, influence都有“影响”的意思,其区别是：effect：用作动词意为“造成”，“产生”，用作名词强调由于影响而产生特殊 效果。e.g. The
23、effects of the medicine arc very good.（药效彳艮好。）influence：可作动词、名词，指对某人的思想行为、性格等产生影响。e.g. She was influenced by her middle school teachers.（她受中学时的老师影响。）13. diversity n.一、变形： diversities二、词义：1）多样性e.g. There is a need fbr greater diversity and choice in education.教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。三、派生词adj. diverse不同的；多
24、种多样的；变化多的vt. diversify 使多样化，14. imagine v.一、变形：imagines, imagined, imagined, imagining二、词义：1）想像e.g. He could not imagine a more peaceful scene.他想像不出比这更幽静的场景。2）猜想e.g. Hes always imagining （that） were talking about him behind his back.他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲话。3）幻想e.g. Looking back on it now, I realized that
25、I must have imagined the whole thing.现在回想起来，我意识到这整个事情一定是我幻想出来的。4）料想；认为e.g. Can we still buy tickets fbr the concert?9I imagine so“我们还能买到音乐会的票吗？ ”“我想可以吧。”三、派生词adj.imaginary虚构的，假想的；想像的；虚数的imaginative虚构的；富于想像的；有创造力的imaginable可能的；可想像的n. imagination 心理想象力；空想；幻想物15. inspire v.一、变形：inspires, inspired, insp
26、ired, inspiring二、词义：1）鼓舞；激励e.g. Our challenge is to motivate those voters and inspire them to join our cause.我们的艰巨任务是要激励那些投票者并鼓励他们加入我们的事业。2）唤起；激起e.g. In the 1960s, the electric guitar virtuosity of Jimi Hendrix inspired a generation.20世纪60年代，吉米亨德里克斯演奏电吉他的精湛技巧激发了一代人的 热情。3）赋以灵感；给以启示e.g. The book was i
27、nspired by a real person, namely Tamara de Treaux.这本书是受一个叫塔玛拉德特罗的人启发而写成的。三、派生词adj.inspired有灵感的；官方授意的inspiring鼓舞人心的；灌输的；启发灵感的n. inspiration灵感;鼓舞;吸气;妙计16. branch n.一、变形： branches二、词义：1）树枝e.g. the upper branches of a row of pines.一排松树的上部枝条。2）（企业或机构的）分支e.g. The bank has branches all over the country.那家银
28、行在全国各地设有分行。3）（家族的）支系e.g. My uncles branch of the family emigrated to Canada.我们家族中我叔父的这一支移居到了加拿大。三、派生词adj.branching发枝的；分歧的branchy枝繁的；多枝的17. debate v.一、变形：debates, debated, debated, debating二、词义：1）讨论，辩论e.g. The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly debated（= strongly argued about） by s
29、cientists.关于宇宙起源问题，科学家仍在激烈辩论。2）仔细考虑；思考；盘算e.g. For a moment he debated going after her.他仔细思考了片刻要不要去追求她。n.辩论 （debate on sth.关于的辩论）e.g. After a long debate, Congress approved the proposal.经过长时间辩论，国会通过了这项提议。三、派生词adj. debatable成问题的；可争论的；未决定的n. debater讨论者；辩论家18. crime n.一、变形：crimes二、词义：1）罪行（against sb）e.g
30、. The massacre was a crime against humanity .这场大屠杀是一桩反人类的罪行。2）严重错误e.g. It would be a crime to travel all the way to Australia and not stop in Sydney.如果千里迢迢去澳大利亚而不在悉尼停留，那就是大错特错。三、派生词adj.criminal刑事的；犯罪的；罪恶的criminative控告的；使负罪的；责难的n.criminal 罪贸2criminology犯罪学；刑事学criminality有罪,犯罪；犯罪行为19. difficult adj.变形
31、：词义：1）困难的 （for sb） （to do sth）e.g. The lack of childcare provisions made it difficult for single mothers to get jobs.儿童保育服务的缺乏使得单身妈妈们很难找到工作。2）难相处的e.g. I had a feeling you were going to be difficult about this.我有种感觉，在这件事情上你将很难对付。三、派生词n. difficulty 困难,困境四、辨析difficult,hard都有“困难”的意思,其区别是：difficult：比hard
32、较为正式，侧重需要特别的能力、智力、判断力、技巧或 勇气才能克服障碍。也可指深奥或抽象的难题。hard：含义广，通俗用词，与easy相对，泛指任何难理解，不好处理或不易 做的事20. condition n.变形：词义：1）（尤指健康）状态；状况e.g. He remains in a critical condition in a California hospital.他在加利福尼亚的一家医院里，仍处于危急的状况。2）（某事完成或发生的）条件e.g.Its easy to make a wrong turn here even under ideal weather conditions.即使在非常理想的天气条件下，也很容易在这里拐错弯。3）（生活或工作的）环境e.g. People arc living in appalling conditions.人们生活在极其恶劣的环境中。三、派生词adj.conditional有条件的；假定的conditioned受制约的；习惯于的