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1、高中英语必备的长难句分析（附历年高考英语长难句100例）阅读理解得分低，往往是因为文章看不懂，文章中的句子之所以难以 理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。 句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分, 如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等 等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。如何处理长难句？1找谓语，找定语一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们 可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现 两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句 （并列谓语动词的情况除外）。
2、如：People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermount
3、ain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁的棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的 爱心，狗能成为无判断力的(忠实的)听者，这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩 所需要的。简析：夹杂with构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea. 这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。简析：关键词sell on (to)使接受。13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506,
4、 and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.这个岛屿，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现，在1810年有人居住， 现在属于英国，人口数有几百人。简析：有两个过去分词短语作状语。14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge
5、stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系，这给他们充足的时间来修建1000 多座巨大的石像，被称为莫艾，因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。简析：夹杂有现在分词短语，过去分词短语及定语从句。15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.我们的（
6、生日）聚会针对两到十岁的小孩，它们互动感强，富有创新, 因为它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。简析：关键词aim for针对；in that在于。16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.在这里叙述的这种筹备（生日）聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父母和孩子的关系更加密切。简析：夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。17. He had realized that the
7、words： ”one of six to eight“ under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII s six wives. 他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些 方面将这个野兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英，即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第 一个妻子，联系起来。简析：夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。18. Until one day he came across two stone crosses in
8、Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. 直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才懂得 在1773年修建这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。简析：关键词come across碰巧遇见，in one s honor纪念某人。19. It is Sue Townsend s musical play, based on her best-selling book.它是苏珊汤森德的音乐剧本，根据她畅销的小说改编的。简析：关键词best-selling畅销的。20. Gold is one
9、 of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.戈德是对有机食品感兴趣众多购买者当中的一位，遍及英国的超市依 赖更多像他那样的购买者，因为他们要增加有机食品生意。简析：关键词count on依赖。21. Supporters of underground development say that building
10、 down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth s space.地下发展的支持者说在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一种利用 地球空间的办法。简析：关键词rather than而不是。22. Those who could were likely to name a woman.那些能够说出好朋友名字的单身男人，很有可能说出一个女人的名字。简析：省略句 who could (name a best friend )承前省。23. In general, women s friendships with each other
11、 rest on shared emotions and support, but men s relationships are marked by shared activities.一般来说，女人相互的友谊基于相互分享情感和支持，但男人间的关 系以共同参与社会活动为特征。简析：关键词rest on依靠。24. For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled 一a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior”.就大部分而言，男人
12、间的交往在感情上受控制，这与“男子汉气概” 的社会要求是相符合的。简析：关键词for the most part就大部分而言。25. Whereas a woman, s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn t unusual to hear a man say he didn t know his friend, s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking
13、if he could sleep on the sofa.一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚 姻；而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家 的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。简析:夹杂多种语法结构not unusual=usual； notuntil，直到 才。26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要
14、语 种的民族。简析：倒装句，并含有定语从句及分词短语。27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.如果这种情况延续下去的话，那么今天的英语将和德语很相近。简析：含虚拟语气。28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which
15、Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词，特别是肉类，取决于它是长在田 野里，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在 农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。简析：含对比。29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Fore
16、ign“ than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.当美国人第一次游览欧洲时，他们通常发现德国比法国对他们来说更 加“陌生”，因为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语，比起法语更加不 同于英语。简析：含比较级句型结构。30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and
17、emphasize it in their advertising.一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产当作他们主要的销售关键，并且 在他们的广告宣传中强调这一点。简析：make后接双宾语。31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure
18、.在他们逗留之后，所有的游客都会收到一份生存证明记录他们的成功, 也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明，表明他们 曾尝试过冒险。简析：含两个分词短语，关键词state表明。32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the incre
19、asing number of white-collar employees. 主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加，这些人付得起这种新型 服务，换句话说，上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快，主要因为白领工人人数的增加。简析：关键词rest in依赖。33. That you won t be for long means it won t be long before you 11 have to recycle your rubbish.你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。34. These words, I have just made up,
20、have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can t think of.这些词，是我编造的，只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。简析：关键词make up编造。35. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。简析：关键词picture活用为动词想象，设想。36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker 一 it often
21、matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.做决策像打扑克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，还包括别人对你的 想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。简析：含较复杂的句型结构not unlike=like not only-but also 不仅而且37. The easy way out isn t always easiest. 解决问题容易的办法并非总是最容易的。简析：关键词the way out解决问题的办法。
22、38. The hot sun had caused the dough （面 团）to double in size and the fermenting yeast （酵母）made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.炙热的太阳导致面团面积加倍，酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息，似乎它 在呼吸，它看上去像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。简析：比喻形象生动。禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。【分析】that引导宾语从
23、句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt, 根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt的主语是动名词短语 weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory02提主干，去枝叶一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状 语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就 不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如: Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal S
24、tudy of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向 研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千 名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。【分析】句子主干为 Economists analysed findings o fr
25、om the University of Sussex 作 economists 的定语；from the National39. After all, what lively children wouldn t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?毕竟，难道这些活泼可爱的孩子们不满足于半天搞普通教育的文化课, 半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞台训练吗？简析
26、：反问句式，语气强烈。40. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt一a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安 全带一这是75%的美国人每天犯的一个错误。简析：关键词for a run去跑步。41. The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary （周年）of presiden
27、t Nixon s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.这次高峰会是为了纪念尼克松总统访华25周年，尼克松访华是中美关系的转折点。简析：关键词mark纪念。42. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.很多问题是大学水平，这些小学生能够解答出来。简析：关键词be of college level大学水平，figure out解决， 解答。43. Rising through t
28、he roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160- - foot - tall Tree of Life.穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之树。简析：含有两个倒装句。44. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.目前的问题是，很多人把其实只要付诸努力就能做到的事情看成是做 不到的。简析：consider后的宾语后置。45. Ill and
29、suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. 她受过重罚，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用 尽她所剩的力量来帮助其他同志。简析：含有让步状语从句及形容词短语作状语。46. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, the
30、y might take a ride together to watch the sunset.如果他们从电视中的束缚中解脱出来，不得不自己安排活动，他们可 能会全家驱车去看日落。简析：含有两个过去分词短语。47. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.我绕到房子的前面，坐在台阶上，哭了一阵之后，我感到阵阵心痛, 我的父亲心里肯定也有一点不好受。简析：动作
31、描写，情真意切。48. It covered the whole distance from broken - hearted misery to bursting happiness一too fast.先是令人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端到另一个极端 一变换得实在太快了。简析：比喻形象生动。49. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would
32、 be on an island 885 miles away.他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无 线电能联系上的最近的人远在885英里以外的岛上。简析：含虚拟语气。50. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.八十大寿，毕竟非同一般，不管怎么说你又活了十年，或者说熬了十 年，是活还是熬，全在于你怎么看了。简析：关键词 endure (stand； bear； put up with)忍受。5
33、1. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败，没有达成协议。简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。简析：含主谓倒
34、装句。53. After all, Ed s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。简析：含比较级句型。54. As a result , at the point in our game when I d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9
35、- and Ed was leading.就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1, 结果比分反而是7比9,伊德暂时领先。简析：关键词figure on预计，估计；in one s favor对某人有利。55. So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speec
36、hless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时，我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤 里，而且几乎注意不到他的肚子，我感到很惊奇，以致无话可说，我的 表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好，保持很好的竞技状态。简析：含有not only-but also及sothat的句型结构，must have P. P表示对过去事实的推测。56. In a way , I think we both won ： I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.在一定程度上，
37、我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。简析：承前省略谓语动词worio57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。简析：含比较级句型。58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.这项研究设计得如此好以致一旦开始任何事都不可能改变它。简析：夹杂过去分词短语once begu
38、no59. The mother didn t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.妈妈不知道谁应该受责备，因为打破玻璃这件事是她不在家里的时候 发生的。简析：关键词be to blame受责备。60. When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160. 当我在军队服役时，我曾接受过所有战士都
39、参加的智力测试，与平均 分100分相比,我得了 160分。简析：关键词against与相比较。61. We didn t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well我们原不是那样计划艺术展览的，但出来的结果却很好。简析：关键词work out结果是62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。简析：句型结构little of的用法，例We see very little of ou
40、r children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown up. 孩子们已经长大了，所以我们现在很少见到他们。63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.这条河流已经遭受很重的污染，现在要清理为时太晚。简析：含tooto句型及现在分词的完成式。64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tr
41、acks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融 化再结冰而变大了。简析： 关键词 nothing more than only。65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem： would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?但若他们真的抓住一个“雪人”的话，那么他们可能面
42、临一个现实问 题：他们会把它放进动物园，还是在一个旅馆里给它一个房间呢？简析：含选择疑问句型。66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.产量增长了 60%,公司又经历了一个极好的年头。简析：含with构成的介词短语。67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.世贸组织如果没有一个占世界五分之一人口的大国加入的话，那么它
43、 就不能名副其实。简析：关键词live up to one s name名副其实。68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.重要的是你做这件工作的能力，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什 么身份。简析：强调句型It is +强调部分+that / who+从句。69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in
44、 front of the other girls,Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作 findings 的定语；a 15-year research project 作 the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同 位语；charting .作 project 的定语；who 引导定语从句修饰teenagerso3寻关联，辩逻辑一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或 复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能 够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，
45、分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义, 则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联 词谙熟于心。如：Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.【句意】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用，因 为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。【分析】此句为复合句，句中whether
46、引导主语从句，as引导原因 状语从句，how well引导从句作介词of的宾语。who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子 面前出洋相呢？我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。简析：关键词make a scene大吵大闹，出洋相。70. Dad s face turned decidedly less red before he could bringaa，out a yes .父亲在说出一声“是”之前,脸终于没有先前那么红了。简析：迂回表达，心情如释重负。71. Soon
47、I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.很快我听到好象是门被撞进的声音，接着是一阵上楼的脚步声。简析：that替代前而的sound o72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and firedanother shot, which killed the gorilla.爸爸从我手里拿起那只仍冒烟的枪，又开了一枪，这才杀死了那只大 猩猩。简析：关键词fire another shot又开了 一枪。73. It happene
48、d that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door一which was twenty feet away一before the animal reached it.事情发生是这样的，爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那 个动物赶到之前（距离20英尺远）将门锁上。简析：句型结构It happened that事情发生是这样的74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.当他在镜子前自我欣赏时，他想他当然看上去很适合那个角色。简析：关键词all right确实，无疑。75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lin