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1、2023年高中英语语法精讲一主语从句详细讲解主语从句结构及用法在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主 句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末 尾。通常结构为“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。一.概念：在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身 放在句子末尾。主语从句使用陈述语序，其通常结构为“引导词+主 语+谓语+其他成分”，但当连接代词同时充当从句主语 时，其结构为“连接代词+谓语+其他成分”。二.引导词：1. that引导eg. That you are coming to London is the best ne
2、wsI have heard this long time.2. whether 弓| 导eg. Whether they would come to conference was a question.3. 连接代词弓I 导： who,whom, whose, what, which,whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever例：That you are leaving is a pity.你要走，真遗 憾。B大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语，接下来我 们就来详细地讲述这部分内容；为了保持句子平衡，主语从句常用it作形式主语，将主 语从句后置.用it作形
3、式主语的主语从句结构有如下几种:1、It is +名词+ that从句2、It is +形容词+ that从句3、It +动词+ that从句4、It is +过去分词+ that从句例如：Its a pity that we cant go.很遗憾我们不能去。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可 能他把一切都告诉她了。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天夕卜 出了。用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定 的语法和译法.常见的有：It is said that. 据说It is r
4、eported that. 据报导It is well known that. 众所周知It is announced that. 据宣布It is believed that.人们相信It is thought that.人11 认为It is understood that. 自 不待言It must be pointed out that. 必须指出It must be admitted that.必须承认eg. Whoever is top from wins the game when twomatched players meet.4. 连接副词弓1 导： therefore, b
5、esides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhileeg. How this happended is not clear to anyone.5. 关系代词型what引导三.形式主语it：1 .对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，可以使用形式 主语。eg. It is clear enough what he meant.2 .如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构.eg. Is it true that all of us need to to conference?主语从句有哪几类如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主
6、语，那么这个句子 就是主语从句。主语从句主要有以下三类：1.由what等代词引起的主语从句：这类从句可由三类代词引起：1 ） what （关系代词型的what）：What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。What I saw made me mad.我看到的情况使我非常生气。2)whatever：Whatever I have is yours, too.我有的一切也都是你的。Whatever has been said here must be kept secret.这里说的一切话都必须保密。3)whoever：Whoever comes will
7、 be welcome.准来都欢迎。Whoever wants it may have it.谁要都可以给他。2 .由that引起的主语从句(that有时可以省略)：这类主语从句大多数用先行词作it形式上的主语，而 把真正的主语放到句子后部，以保持句子的平稳(a),也有 少数直接用这种从句作主语，不用it(b)：a. It s a pity (that) you can t come.真遗憾你不能来。It seemed she had got the job.看来她已得到这份工作了。b That she is still alive is a consolat ion.她还活着，这是使人宽慰的
8、。That Shelley became a poet may have beendue to his mother s influence.雪莱成为诗人可能是受他母亲的影响。3.由连接代(副)词及whether引起的主语从句： 这类从句可以直接放在句首(a),也可以放到后部，前 面用先行词it作形式上的主语(b)：a Who are to be sent there will be dis cussed at the next meeting.究竟派谁去将在下次会上讨论。I am going anyway Whether or not she wi 11 go is up to her to
9、 decide.不管怎样我是要出的，她去不去由她自己决定。b. It was a mystery how the burglar got in.小偷怎么进去的是一个谜。It wont make too much influence whether he will j oin us.他是否参加不会有多大影响。主语从句的翻译技巧主语从句是英语中的一种特殊句型，我们在翻译时要格 外注意。构成主语从句的方式有下列两种：(1)关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其 他成分。它们一般是译在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。这样的 词有关联词 what, which, how, why, where, wh
10、o, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 及从属连词 that, whether, if.如：例题 1 ： What he told me was only half-truth.分析：其中关联词可译“的”，放在后面。参考译文：他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。例题 2： Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.分析：whether可以译成“是否，是还是“，然后适当 安排位置。参考译文：一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时使生物
11、 学家颇伤脑筋。(2) it+谓语+that (whether)引导的从句。如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从 句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译这。如：例题 3： It can be seen that precleaning alone wouldnot reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards.分析：这样的句子可以译成无人称句，常用来表示事实， 常理等。参考译文：可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗 选将不能降低到完全接近标准规
12、定的水平。例题 4： It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.分析：有时为了使译文成分完整，可以补充上泛指的主 语（如人们、大家）。类似的结构还有：it is（universally） known that大家都知道,it is believed that人们都相信。参考译文：物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共 有的经验。名词性从句之主语从句名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同 位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：a.连词：that, whe
13、ther, if （这三个词都不作从句的 成分，同时，that无含义，而whether和if都表“是否”）b.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, whichc.疑问副词：when, where, why, how（一）主语从句在复合句中充当主语的从句。引导主语从句that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词 义也不作成分，只起单纯的连接作用，且通常不可以省。为 了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时,that不可省。That the driver could not control his car was obvious.That she was chosen ma
14、de us very happy.That he will come is certain.That he would take the risk is true.That he should have married her isntsurprising.通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从 句置于句尾，此时that有时可省。例如：It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.It made us very happy that she was chosen.It is certain that he will
15、 come.It is true that he would take the risk.It isnf t surprising (that) he should have married her.如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如:Is it certain that he will come?Is it true that he would take the risk?it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：(1) it + be +形容词+ that-从句It is likely that he will come.It is strange that s
16、he has ever trusted him.It is important that he ( should) attend the meeting.It is best that he (should) go.此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从 句中的谓语动词也常用(should) + v原形。It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan.(2) it + be +名词 + that-从句It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.Its
17、a pity that he should have massed the train.(3) it + be + -ed 分词 + that 从句It is said that he is a famous writer.It is reported that there will be a storm thisafternoon.在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that 从句中的谓语动词常用(should) dOo (参见虚拟语气部分)It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.It is de
18、manded that he (should) leave at once.(4) it + seem/happen/appear 等不及物动词+that 从 句。(look不接that从句，它接to be结构或形容词)It seems that he is wrong.It appears that they are in urgent need of help.He looks (to be) surprised/happy/sad.2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作 用，不充当任何成分。(置于句首时必须用whether引导， 置于句尾时，间或可用if。)Whether he will win the game is not clear.Whether he will come is uncertain.Whether she comes or not doesn1t concern me.It is not clear whether/if he will come.It was uncertain whether he would come.复合句中的主语从句用法定义：在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。A为了强调主语从句的内容，可将从句置于句首