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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载高中英语语法精讲精练 一、名词性从句的语法功能与分类在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句- 名词性从句Noun Clauses；名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句；主语从句： 假如一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句；1 What he is going to do is not clear. 2 Who will be our monitorha
2、sn t been decided yet.宾语从句： 假如一个句子在复合句中用作宾语,那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句；1 Jack said that he had something important to do. 2 I want to know if/whether there is a train to Beijing. 表语从句： 假如一个句子在复合句中用作表语,那么这个句子就叫做表语从句；The trouble is that I have lost his address. 同位语从句： 用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句；一般情形下同位语从句跟在某些名词,如 news,idea,f
3、act,word（消息）,question,thought ,doubt,order,promise,hope, message, information 等的后面,用以说 明该名词所表达的详细内容；关联词多用从属连词 that；1 They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 2 Where did you get the idea that I could not come. 3 Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on
4、 Russia. 【留意】 that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区分 定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词,因此,它是属于形容词性从句；而同位语从 句属于名词性从句,它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的,或者说是说明前面名词的内容；换而言之：同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关 系；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载定语从句同位语从句阐明它前面的名词详细内容；限定它前面的名词的范畴或补充一些The suggestion thatwe 情形；【should】 clean the
5、room buy turns The suggestion 【that】he put forward 区分is good. at the meeting is good. that 只起连接从句的作用,无意义； that 替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接在从句中不充当句子成分；不行省 作用,仍充当一个句子成分（主语或略；宾语） ；如在从句中作动词的宾语时 The news that Mr. Li will be our 可省略；new English teacher is true. 只有在内容方面可进一步阐明的名 The news 【that/which 】 he told me yesterd
6、ay is true. 几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句；词；（可以带同位语的名词多为 抽 The apple 【that/which 】 he gave 象名词 ）；如：news,fact, idea,me is a red one. question, suggestion 等；区分：Galileo collected facts _B_ the Earth goes round the sun. Galileo collected facts _D_ proved the Earth goes round the sun. A. which B. that C. of which D. A
7、and B 【考点点拨】在 suggestion,advice,request,order 等意为 “ 建议；命令；要求” 的名词后,名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“ should +动词原形 ” 的虚拟语气结构,句中的 should 可以省略；例如：My suggestion is that we should start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就动身； This is our only request that this （should）be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯独的恳求：尽快解决这个问题；此类词有：名师归纳总
8、结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载一“ 坚持 ” insist 二“ 命令 ” order, command 三“ 建议 ” adviseadvice, suggestsuggestion, propose proposal 四“ 要求 ” require, request, desire, demand二、名词性从句连接词的选用名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词：1. 从属连词 that,if 和 whether；that 在句中无实际意义,只起连接作用,但不行以省略；if 不行以用于句首；Whether he
9、ll come here isnt clear.He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 2. 连接代词主要有 who, whom,whose,what ,whoever,whomever,whosever, whatever,whichever 等；Whoever comes is welcome. What concerns me most is who will be my teacher next term. 3. 连接副词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howe
10、ver 等；None of us knows where these new books can be bought. The question under discussion is where we will hold the meeting. 留意 不能使用 if 的情形 a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 d. 介词后的宾语从句名师归纳总结 e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. 第 3 页,共 9 页f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. 留意1 ：that / what的辨用- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - -
11、 - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 4. He told us _ he felt ill. 5. The result is _ we won the game. 6. This is _ we want to know. 7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. 8. The fact_ she work
12、s hard is well known to us all. 规章：1.that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用2. what 除起连接作用外,仍在名词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语；留意 2 ：whether 与 if 的辨用 规章： 1.在由形式主语 it 引导的主语从句及在 vt 动词后面的宾语从句中,表“ 是否 ” ,whether/if 都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中,表“ 是否 ” , 只 能用 whether；3.在 whether or not 和 whether to do 中 whether 不能换
13、成 if 练习： if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. I dont know _ he is well or not. 3._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 4.It hasnt been decided_ we shall attend the meeting. 5.Were worried about _ he is safe.6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doc
14、tor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go or to stay at home附加练习1.I doubt_ he can speak English. 名师归纳总结 2.I dont doubt _ he can speak English.的辨用第 4 页,共 9 页留意3 ：whatever与no matter what- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Whatever 有两个用法,一是引导名词
15、性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句）,二是 用于引导让步状语从句；No matter what 只能引导让步状语从句（不能引导名词性从句）,其意为“ 无论什么 ”；【留意】这样用的 no matter what 与引导状语从句的 whatever 用法相同,有时可互换；如：无论你说什么,我都 No matter what you say, I believe you. =Whatever you say, I believe you. 信任你；一、 20XX 年高考真题链接1.全国卷 I 卷 33.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to plac
16、e our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where 2.全国 II 卷 10 Have you finished the book ？ No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where 3.北京卷 31.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 4.北京卷 32. Part of the rea
17、son Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 5.北京卷 33. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How 6.福建卷 35. We should respect food and think
18、 about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 7.湖南卷 35. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears .No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A. where B. whether C. th
19、at D. why 8.江苏卷 35.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. That s_ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what 9.辽宁卷 34. -It s no use having ideas only . -Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A. how B. who C.
20、what D. where 10.山东卷 26. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which 11.陕西卷 18. It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 12.四川卷 14. How much one enjoys himse
21、lf travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why 13.天津卷 14. As a new graduate, he doesn_ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. when D. which 14.重庆卷 25. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had use
22、d the products. A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which 15.浙江卷 1.How about camping this weekend, just for a change. OK,_ you want. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 16.浙江卷 9. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will
23、 bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 17.上海卷 36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why 18.上海卷 37. When changing lanes, a driver should u
24、se his turning signal to let other drivers know . A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 二、句子翻译1. 请把奖品给先来的人；_ 2. 孩子长大后,要勉励他们做力所能及的家务；_ 3.越来越多的高校生面临着这样一个事实, 找一份合适的工作实属不易；face _ 4. 他近视眼的缘由是连续四五个小时不停地看书；_ 5.毫无疑问政府会实行措施来阻挡疾病的扩散
25、；（doubt）_ 6.会议是否会如期举办仍没有被最终打算；（decide）_ 7.她迟到的缘由是要照料她生病的妹妹；（take care of）_ 名师归纳总结 8.中国参与了世贸组织不仅是个庞大的挑战,而且是个很好的机遇；（not only but also第 7 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载_ 9.据报道,到目前为止,已经有2 个孩子在洪水中失去了生命；（It）_ 10. 人类不得不接受这样一个事实：由于温室效应,全球气候正在变暖； （because of）_ 参考答案：一、 20XX 年高考真题链接DDCB
26、B 6-10CDAAB 11-15CBBAC 16-18BAB 二、句子翻译1. 请把奖品给先来的人；Please give the prize to whoever comes first. 2. 孩子长大后,要勉励他们做力所能及的家务；When children grow up, they should be encouraged to do whatever housework they can do. 3. 越来越多的高校生面临着这样一个事实,:找一份合适的工作实属不易；face More and more college students are faced with the fac
27、t that it is very hard to find a suitable job. 4. 他近视眼的缘由是连续四五个小时不停地看书；The reason why he became short-sighted was that he often kept reading books for 4 to 5 hours. 5. 毫无疑问政府会实行措施来阻挡疾病的扩散；（doubt）There is no doubt that the government will take measures to prevent the disease form spreading. 6. 会议是否会如
28、期举办仍没有被最终打算；（decide）Whether the meeting will be held as planned hasnt been decided yet. 7. 她迟到的缘由是要照料她生病的妹妹；（take care of）The reason why she was late was that she had to take care of her sick sister. 8. 中国参与了世贸组织不仅诗歌庞大的挑战,而且是个很好的机遇；（not only but also）That China joined WTO is not only a great challen
29、ge but also a good opportunity. 9. 据报道,到目前为止,已经有91 个孩子在洪水中失去了生命；（It）It is reported that so far 91 children have died in the flood. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. 人类不得不接受这样一个事实,精品资料欢迎下载全球气候正在变暖； （because of）：由于温室效应,Human beings have to accept the fact that because of the green house effect, the climate over the earth is becoming warmer and warmer. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页