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1、优点英语2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】专题11阅读理解“写作手法”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版【近年高考考情】1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题【解题实用技法】一、设问方式1.How is the passage organized?2.The author develops the passage mainly by _.二、实用妙招高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。1.根据文章题材来判断。记叙文
2、多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。2.根据“原文定位”来判断。先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instanceby analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequenceby giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that
3、is to sayby listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字by describing a process通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadaysby making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while, by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, thenby analyzing cause
4、 and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because.by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内【高考真题再练】1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurol
5、ogy suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab ever
6、y 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held tru
7、e even after the scientists accounted for the participants overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like youre in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will fe
8、el tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”Its not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit. Then points out. A waiters job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And
9、“running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences o
10、r genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A. To assess their health status.B. To evaluate their work habits.C. To analyze their personality.D. To measure their mental ab
11、ility.29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?A. By using an experts words.B. By making a comparison.C. By referring to another study.D. By introducing a concept.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB. Old People S
12、hould Take Challenging JobsC. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C【分析】这是一篇说明文。神经病学杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。28. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered m
13、ore than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选29. B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise
14、,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。30. C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性
15、的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from
16、a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the da
17、y and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the
18、 mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep b
19、ecause of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at nigh
20、t.32. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_.A. started sleep more easily B. were more anxiousC. were less active D. woke up later33. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?A. Its been tested on mice for ten times. B. It can make people more energetic.C. It
21、 exists in milk in great amount. D. Its used in sleeping drugs.34. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat, Sugar and HealthC. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health35. How does the author support the theme of the text?A. By giving examples. B. By stating
22、arguments.C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research results.【答案】32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠。32. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with t
23、he milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.”（这项发表在The Journal of Medicinal Food上的研究显示，与那些喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活动更少，焦虑也更少，夜晚收集的牛奶含有的褪黑激素是白天收集的牛奶的10倍。）可知，与那些喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活动更少，焦虑也更少，换句话说，喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠比喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠更活跃，也更焦虑。故选B。33.
24、 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“taking melatonin drugs has been used to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”（服用褪黑激素药物已用于那些晚上难以入睡的人）可知，褪黑激素药物是用来帮助失眠的人入睡的。由此可推断出，褪黑激素已经被用于安眠药中。故选D。34. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第一段中“But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.”（但现在一项
25、研究发现，如果在晚上从奶牛身上挤牛奶，它确实能帮助人们打瞌睡。）可知，文章主要讲的是夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠。“Night Milk and Sleep”意为“夜间牛奶和睡眠”，能够概括文章主旨。故选A。35. 推理判断题。题目需要我们判断作者是如何支持文章的主题的。文章第二段中引用了“The Journal of Medicinal Food”发表的研究报告。文章倒数第二段中“Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of
26、the calcium content, which helps people to relax.”（先前的研究也表明，牛奶对帮助睡眠很有效，因为它含有帮助人们放松的钙质。）引用了先前的研究结论。由此可推断出，作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章的主题的。故选D。【名校好题强化】（2324上镇江期中）An author with cerebral palsy(脑瘫) who fulfilled his dream of writing a childrens book said he hoped it could help young people “be themselves”.Gavin Cl
27、ift on wrote Max and the Magic Wish, about a boy with cerebral palsy who wishes to be like other children before starting school.Clifton wanted to convey the message that it is OK for children to be different. Clifton was expected to never walk, talk or go to mainstream school due to his condition.
28、Clifton now walks and drives and can speak through a specialist machine.He said he wanted to show others what people with disabilities can do, “The person you become is the most important thing because you learn to adapt your life in your own way. And I want to show children and others with disabili
29、ties that being yourself is always the best that they should do. It has always been a dream of mine to write a childrens book and if I can educate more people and inspire them whilst making a difference to their lives, I would be so happy. It would be my biggest achievement yet.”Clifton said he want
30、ed it to go against “keyboard warriors” searching for people with disabilities on social media. “I have suffered abuse from keyboard warriors myself but the best advice I can give is to never bite back and let go of all the horrible comments and let them go over your head.”The authors father Martin
31、Clifton said, “The doctor said he would never walk or talk because of his cerebral pals y that affects one side of his body. I am so proud of him.”Illustrator and publisher of Cliftons book, Clare Thomas, said working with him was “an absolute honour”. She said, “He doesnt let anything stand in his
32、way.”1. How is the third paragraph developed?A. By describing a process.B. By analyzing causes.C. By giving an example.D. By following time order.2. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A. The motivation behind Cliftons writing a book.B. The reason for Gavin Cliftons recovery.C. The main charac
33、ter of Gavin Cliftons book.D. The cause of Gavin Cliftons illness.3. How does Clifton respond to keyboard warriors?A. He asks friends for help.B. He ignores their evil words.C. He bites back keyboard warriors.D. He accepts the horrible comments.4. Why did Clare Thomas feel honored to work with Gavin
34、 Clifton?A. Because Gavin Clifton enjoyed a high social status.B. Because Gavin Clift on was a man with disabilities.C. Because Gavin Clifton brought much confidence to Clare Thomas.D. Because Gavin Clift impressed Clare Thomas with his perseverance.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述脑瘫作家加文克利夫
35、顿（Gavin Clifton）实现了写一本儿童书的梦想的故事。1. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Clifton wanted to convey the message that it is OK for children to be different. Clifton was expected to never walk, talk or go to mainstream school due to his condition. Clifton now walks and drives and can speak through a specialist machine. (克利夫顿想传达这
36、样一个信息：孩子们与众不同是可以的。由于克利夫顿的身体状况，人们预计他永远不会走路、说话或上主流学校。克利夫顿现在可以走路、开车，还可以通过专业机器说话。)”可知，这一段用克利夫顿为例子来说明孩子们与众不同是可以的。故选C。2. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“He said he wanted to show others what people with disabilities can do, “The person you become is the most important thing because you learn to adapt your life in your own wa
37、y. And I want to show children and others with disabilities that being yourself is always the best that they should do. It has always been a dream of mine to write a childrens book and if I can educate more people and inspire them whilst making a difference to their lives, I would be so happy. It wo
38、uld be my biggest achievement yet.”(他说，他想向其他人展示残疾人的能力，“你成为的人是最重要的，因为你学会了以自己的方式适应自己的生活。我想向残疾儿童和其他人展示，做自己永远是他们应该做的最好的事。写一本儿童读物一直是我的梦想，如果我能教育更多的人，激励他们，同时改变他们的生活，我会很高兴。这将是我迄今为止最大的成就。”)”可知，这一段主要讲述克利夫顿写书的动力。故选A。3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Clifton said he wanted it to go against “keyboard warriors” searching for people
39、 with disabilities on social media. “I have suffered abuse from keyboard warriors myself but the best advice I can give is to never bite back and let go of all the horrible comments and let them go over your head.”(克利夫顿说，他希望这与在社交媒体上寻找残疾人的“键盘侠”背道而驰。“我自己也遭受过键盘侠的虐待，但我能给出的最好建议是，永远不要反咬回去，让所有可怕的评论都随它吧，让它们
40、越过你的头顶。”)”可知，克利夫顿忽略了所有键盘侠们可怕的评论。故选B。4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Illustrator and publisher of Cliftons book, Clare Thomas, said working with him was “an absolute honour”. She said, “He doesnt let anything stand in his way.”(克利夫顿书的插图画家兼出版商克莱尔托马斯表示，与他合作是“一种绝对的荣誉”。她说：“他不让任何事情妨碍他。”)”可知，克莱尔托马斯很荣幸能与加文克利夫顿共事是因为他的毅力给托马斯
41、留下了深刻的印象。故选D。（2223上牡丹江期中）Each year more than 2,500 people die and 12,600 are injured in home fires just in the United States, with direct property loss because of home fires at about $7.3 billion. Every day Americans experience the horror of fires, but most people dont understand fires.To protect yo
42、urself, it is important to learn something about home fires.In less than 30 seconds a small flame (火焰) can get completely out of control and turn into a major fire. It only takes minutes for thick black smoke to fill a house or for it to be in flames. Most deadly fires happen in the home when people
43、 are asleep. If you realize a fire, you wont have time to take valuables because the fire spreads too quickly and the smoke is too thick. The fire uses up the oxygen you need and produces smoke and poisonous (有毒的) gases. Breathing even small amounts of smoke and poisonous gases can make you tired an
44、d sleepy, and short of breath. The smoke can cause you to be a deep sleeper before the flames reach your door. You may not wake up in time to escape.Room temperatures in a fire can be 100 degrees at floor level and rise to 600 degrees at eye level. Breathing in this super-hot air will burn your lung
45、s. It can melt (熔化) clothes to your skin. In five minutes, a room can get so hot that everything in it starts to burn at once.Fires are bright at first, but quickly produce black smoke and complete darkness. If you wake up to a fire you may be blinded, confused about where you are or which direction
46、 you should go in and unable to find your way around the home youve lived in for years. Only when we know the true nature of fires can we prepare our families and ourselves.5. How does the first paragraph develop?A. By raising questions.B. By listing reasons.C. By expressing opinions.D. By giving ex
47、amples.6. What can we infer from the third paragraph?A. It is necessary to escape in time.B. It is important to find poisonous gases.C. It is impossible to keep away from smoke.D. It is dangerous to stay away from the door.7. How does black smoke trouble us?A. Causing us to feel hopeless.B. Making o
48、ur faces turn black.C. Getting us to lose our ways.D. Forcing us to walk around the home.8. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Different processes of home fires.B. Some basic knowledge of home fires.C. Great damage of home fires in the USA. D. Some good ways to prevent home fires.【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一些关于家庭火灾的信息，只有了解火灾的本质才有可能做好准备。5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Each year more than 2,500 people die and 12,6