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1、优点英语2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】专题21【培优小题狂练】阅读理解新闻报道狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）解析版【三年考情回顾】年份卷次主题语境题型分类2022年全国甲卷人与自然：会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉2个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个主旨大意题2020年全国III卷人与社会：影视作品动物拍摄数字虚拟化1个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个猜词词义题1个主旨大意题2019年全国I卷人与社会：固定电话是非必需品2个细节理解题2个推理判断题【题型应对策略】一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点新闻报道的第一句往往为全文的中心句(topicsentence)，因此在这个句子中主要讲清what(事
2、件)，when(时间)，where(地点)和who(人物)，而在下文则要补充事件的过程和细节，往往包括why(目的或原因)和how(具体过程)等。新闻报道的一些常用语包括Itisreportedthat.，Asisreported.，Accordingtothereport.，Itisestimatedthat.等。新闻报道亦为记叙文，时态一般要用过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实，往往没有过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。主要具有以下特点：选材新闻报道要突出新闻性，作者应避免对该新闻事件进行主观判断和评价。内容新闻报道的内容真实、新鲜、及时、重要、趣味可读，时效性极强。结构标题导语正文结
3、束语（倒三角形，越往后越不重要）语言短小精悍(常用代词)；客观真实(被动语态和间接引语的使用)。命题题型主要为观点推断题；考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容；考查主旨归纳题，文体判断题（A news report）。二、新闻报道应对策略新闻报道主要是提供事实信息，一般是简单叙述事件发生的五要素，事件经过和各方反应，很少去探究事件背后深层次的原因。新闻报道的体裁主要有消息、通讯，通常采用记叙的方式来讲清事实(即时间、地点、人物、事件、原因)，强调用事实说话，注重准确客观。因此，做题时要关注新闻报道的结构和细节。具体答题策略如下：【高考真题再练】1.（2022全国甲卷B篇）Goffin
4、s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presente
5、d with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year o
6、f age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffins cockatoos were
7、 able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffins cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, simi
8、lar to two-year-old babies.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?A. By following
9、instructions.B. By using a tool.C. By turning the box around.D. By removing the lid.25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?A. Using a key to unlock a door.B. Telling parrots from other birds.C. Putting a ball into a round hole.D. Grouping toys of different
10、shapes.26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?A. How far they are able to see.B. How they track moving objects.C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Cockatoos: Quick Er
11、ror CheckersB. Cockatoos: Independent LearnersC. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters24-27 BCDD 【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。24. B。事实细节题 根据第一段中的第二句 Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 以及该段最
12、后两句 . the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. 可知，凤头鹦鹉在笼子里使用工具很熟练，给它们形状不同的“钥匙”以供选择，插入正确的“钥匙”就能把盒子里的坚果取出来。25. C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左
13、右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。26. D。推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉
14、线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。27. D。主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffins cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockat
15、oos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。2.（2020全国III卷B篇）When Rise of the Planet of the Apes was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. In
16、stead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!The creative team behind Apes used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I re
17、cords an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet Apes is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatm
18、ent or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including Water for Elephants, The Hangover Part and Zookeeper, have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some ca
19、ses, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions fi
20、lmed in the Sates.24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?A. To see famous film stars.B. To oppose wearing fur coats.C. To raise money for animal protection.D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The cost of making Apes.B. The cr
21、eation of digitalized apes.C. The publicity about “Apes.D. The performance of real apes.26. What does the underlined phrase keeping tabs on in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.27. What can we infer from the la
22、st paragraph about animal actors?A. They may be badly treated.B. They should take further training.C. They could be traded illegally.D. They would lose popularity.24-27 DBDA 【导读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组
23、织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。24. D。细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。25. B。主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team
24、 behind Apes used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后
25、用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。26. D。词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”以及下文Already, a number of films, including Water for Elephants, The Hangover Part and Zookeeper, have drawn the anger of activists who say the cre
26、atures acting in them havent been treated properly.由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。 27. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raisin
27、g concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。3.（2019全国I卷C篇）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market
28、 is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. Th
29、is smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person.
30、Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a k
31、eyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error ra
32、tes. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To impr
33、ove accuracy in typing C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. D
34、ata security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? A. Itll be environment-friendly. B. Itll reach consumers soon. C. Itll be made of plastics. D. Itll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B.A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A
35、 magazine.【答案】28. D29. C30. B31. D【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，而指纹扫描等这些防盗技术仍然很昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，而且这项技术也不贵。28.细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around
36、 this problem: a smart key board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。29.细节理解题。根据第二段的The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine pe
37、oples identities可知，用户打字的力度和按键之间的时间是不同的，这使得智能键盘能够识别人。故选C。30.细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。31.推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，由此可推断本文最有可能来自于一本科学杂志。故选D。【名校好题强化】【01】（2023上安徽芜湖高三安徽师范大学附属中学校考期中）The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been
38、awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Louis E. Brus of Columbia University, and Alexei I. Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots (量子点).The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery, acco
39、rding to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awards several of the prizes each year. The work theyve done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio-imaging.Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning, Bawendi offered a stream of re
40、actions: “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”In a rare event, the winners names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement. But Bawendi said hed been sound asleep, so he didnt hear anything about it.Quantum dots are particles (粒子) that are so incredibly small
41、that their size actually starts to affect their properties. For example, blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material, with the only difference being the size of the particle itself. (The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.)In fact, changing the size can a
42、lter (改变) many different properties beyond just color, which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications, including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight.The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor (cl
43、ose to$995,000) in equal parts. This is the third science-focused Nobel Prize to be awarded this week. On Tuesday, the physics prize was awarded to Anne L Huillier, Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz. And on Monday, Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine.Officials pl
44、an to announce the literature prize on Thursday, followed by the peace prize on Friday. The economics prize will be awarded on Monday.1. How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning?A. Angry.B. Surprised.C. Bored.D. Sorry.2. What causes the difference in color between blue qu
45、antum dots and red ones?A. The size of the particles.B. The difference in materials.C. The change in shapes.D. The variety of applications.3. What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 7 refer to?A. The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics.B. The 2023 Nobel Prize in medicine.C. The 2023 Nobel Prize in
46、 literature.D. The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry.4. What is the text?A. A short story.B. A diary entry.C. A news report.D. A research article.【答案】优点英语优点英语1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2023年诺贝尔化学奖被授予麻省理工学院的Moungi G. Bawendi、哥伦比亚大学的Louis E. Brus和纽约纳米晶体技术公司的Alexei I. Ekimov，以表彰他们发现和发展量子点。文章介绍了他们的研究以及
47、其他奖项的获得情况。1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning, Bawendi offered a stream of reactions: “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”(在周三凌晨的新闻发布会上，记者通过电话联系到了巴文迪，他给出了一连串的反应：“震惊。困了。非常意外。我非常荣幸。”)”可知，在周三清晨接到电话时，Bawendi感到惊讶。故选B。2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“For exampl
48、e, blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material, with the only difference being the size of the particle itself.(例如，蓝色量子点和红色量子点可以由完全相同的材料制成，唯一的区别是粒子本身的大小)”可知、粒子的大小导致了蓝色量子点和红色量子点之间颜色的差异。故选A。3. 词句猜测题。根据画线词前“The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor(close to $995.000) in equal parts.(这三位科学家将平分1100万瑞典克朗（接近995,000美元）的奖金)”可知，20