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1、 过去将来时常见考法：对于过去将来时的考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去将来时，以及如何正确使用。过去将来时多用于宾语从句中。过去将来时的含义过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。如：I didnt know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来。They never knew that population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。She didnt tell me whe
2、re she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。过去将来时基本构成同一般将来时，把系动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。句型如下：肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形+其他主语+would（should）+动词原形+其他否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形+其他主语+would（should）not+动词原形 +其他疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going
3、to+动词原形+其他Would（Should）+主语+动词原形+其他过去将来时的表达1. would + 动词原形。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。如：He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。2. was/were + going to + 动词原形。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。如：She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。I was told that he was going to r
4、eturn home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。如：It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。3. was/were about toI couldnt go to Toms birthday party as I was about to go to hospital.我不能参加汤姆的生日会，因为我要去医院。4. was/were to这些形式可以表示曾在过去预计发生并且发生了的事，或者表示过去无法预见的结果，常用在间接引语的宾语从句。如：Little did they know they
5、 were to be reunited ten years later. 他们不会知道十年后他们将会重逢。5. come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。She told me she was going to go shopping.她告诉我她要去购物。6. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：I didnt know when she would come, but when
6、 she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。7. 过去将来时态中的否定形式。如：The radio broadcast said that it was not going to snow tomorrow.电台广播说明天不会下雪。He explained that he was not going to take p
7、art in the sports meeting.他解释说他将不参加运动会。过去将来时的基本用法1. 表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。如：I didnt know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来。（指过去不知道。）She told us that she would not go with us, if it rained.她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。It was six oclock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟，太阳即将落山。In Berlin, he f
8、irst met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。2. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。如：When I worked on a farm, I used to get up at 5 a.m. 我在农场劳动时，总是早上5点钟起床。Most often we would find him lying on a couch, reading. 我们经常看到他躺在一张长沙发上看书。在该用法中，有时也可用used to代替would，但是当表示过去的状态或今
9、昔对比时，只能用used to。如：She used to be a thin girl, but now shes on the fatty side. 她曾是个苗条女孩，但现在却变得很胖。3. 表示主观打算、计划要做的事情或根据过去的某种迹象做出的推测，用was/were going to + 动词原形表示。如：Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。五、过去将来时与一般将来时的比较一般将来时是表示从现在看来将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则是表示从过去看来将要
10、发生的情况，所以从理论上说，只要把考查的时间从现在移到过去，那么一般将来时的用法就变成了过去将来时的用法。He says that he wont lend me a penny. 他说他一便士都不愿借给我。He said that he wouldnt lend me a penny. 他说过他一便士都不愿借给我。Tom says that he will never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。Tom said that he would never get married. 汤姆说过他永远不结婚。过去将来时典型错例分析1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。 误：We di
11、dnt know whether he is going to speak at the meeting. 正：We didnt know whether he was going to speak at the meeting. 析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。 误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up. 正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be
12、 when he grew up. 析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。 误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday. 正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didnt rain the next Sunday. 析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。 误：Wang L
13、in rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books. 正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books. 析：过去将来时可以由助动词should/would+动词原形构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。5. 上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。 误：Last time I saw you, you had started to go to Tibet by train. 正：Last time I sa
14、w you, you were going to start to go to Tibet by train. 析：last time是一般过去时或过去将来时的显著标志。用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long. 3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year. 4. The scientists said the worlds popula
15、tion _ (slow) down in future. 5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning. 6. I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning. 7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight. 8. Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work.1.（2019 江苏省无锡市）Uncle Sam said he _ my
16、 birthday party, but he never showed up. Thats Uncle Sam. He forgets everything! A. will attendB. would attendC. has attendedD. had attended2. （2019 湖北省武汉市）He_ his English teacher when he was sightseeing in Paris. A. has metB. had met C. metD. would meet3. （2019 泰州市）Have you ever been to Shanghai? O
17、f course. Actually, I _ there for six years but now I live in Taizhou. A. workedB. was working C. would workD. have worked4. （2015 上海）Tim told us that his company _ robots to do some of the work.A. uses B. will use C. has used D. would use 5. （2018 绥化中考）He asked me _.A. if I would go skating with hi
18、mB. when did I buy the CDC. that I had a good time1. Li Ming said he _ happy if Brian _ to China next month. A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come 2. Jenny said she _ her holiday in China. A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend 3. What did your son s
19、ay in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming 5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next
20、 year. A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take 6. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables. A. are going to grow B. were going to grow C. will grow D. have grown 7. She _ to work when the telephone rang. A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go8. The plane is leaving right no
21、w, but Jim hasnt arrived yet. Well, he said he _ here on time. A. came B. would come C. can be D. will be 9. As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _. A. was going to cry B. cried C. began to cry D. was crying 跟踪训练1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving 6. would
22、lend 7. would be 8. would help真题再现1. B【解析】句意：山姆大叔说他会参加我的生日聚会，但他没来。那就是山姆大叔。他什么都忘了！A为一般将来时；B为过去将来时；C为现在完成时；D为过去完成时。分析句子Uncle Sam said he _ my birthday party, but he never showed up. 的结构可知，本题是一个宾语从句，主句Uncle Sam said是一般过去时，因此在宾语从句中应该用过去范畴的某一种时态，排除A/C；根据my birthday party可知，应该是将要参加我的生日聚会，因此应该用过去将来时，故选B。2.
23、 C【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：他在巴黎观光时遇到了他的英语老师。考查句子时态。A. has met现在完成时；B. had met过去完成时；C. met一般过去时；D. would meet过去将来时。When引导的时间状语从句，从句可以表示一段时间或时间点，从句时态可以是一般过去时或过去进行时；主句时态要使用一般过去时或过去进行时。结合句意和选项可知填met；选C。3. A【解析】句意：你去过上海吗？当然。实际上，我在那里工作了六年，但现在我住在台州。A为一般过去时；B为过去进行时；C为过去将来时；D为现在完成时。根据Actually, I _there for six years b
24、ut now I live in Taizhou. 实际上，我在那里工作了六年，但现在我住在台州。可知，我是六年前在上海工作的，因此应该用一般过去时，故选A。4. D【解析】句意：蒂姆告诉过我，他的公司将会使用机器人做一部分工作。宾语从句要用陈述语序，如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态，如果主句是过去时态，从句也要用相应的过去时态。这里主句是过去时态，根据句意可知从句动作还没有发生，因此要用过去将来时，故选D。5. A【解析】句意：他问我A. if I would go skating with him是否愿意和他一起去滑冰。B. when did I buy the CD我什么时候买
25、CD；C. that I had a good time我过得好。从He asked me知本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除B选项；asked后的宾语从句是由疑问句转化来的，所以选项C的关系词不对，可排除，故正确选项是A。点睛：关于宾语从句，应注意：1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主从句是一体的。2. 时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应，包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他
26、将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。模拟检测15 CDDDB
27、 69 BCBAC 现在完成时常见考法：对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这一知识点。现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）过去分词变化规则如下：1. 规则动词
28、：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加-ed 。workworkedworkedvisitvisitedvisited（2）以 e 结尾的动词，只在词尾加-d 。 livelivedlived （3）以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加-ed 。studystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed 。stopstoppedstoppeddropdroppeddropped2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cu
29、tcutcutithithit现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响照片不在这里。2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿
30、。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。for + 时间段 译为：时间since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从以来)since + 时间段 + agosince + 从句(过去时)It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose.)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out finishbe over openbe open diebe dead buyhave
31、 Fall illbe ill Come backbe back Put onbe on/wear Worrybe worried Catch a coldhave a cold现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段，since+时间点。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年
32、起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：Ive just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。3. 与表示包
33、含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？The Browns have
34、visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等现在完成时与一般过去时区别1. 侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（
35、现在我仍记得电影的内容）I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）2. 时间状语不同现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及for+段时间，since+过去时间/从句等时间状语
36、连用；而一般过去时则常与时间段+ago，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。1. The life we were used to _ since
37、 smart mobile phones rushed in. A. has changed B. changed C. changes D. changing2. Where _ the dictionary? I cant see it. I _ it right here a moment ago. But its gone. A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put C. have you put; put D. were you putting; had put3. Betty _ a diary since she was
38、a primary school student. No wonder her writing skills are so good. A. keeps B. is keeping C. keeping D. has kept4. What do you think of the novel? Oh, I _ such a better book than before. A. didnt read B. am reading C. havent read D. dont rea5. The students _ the classroom, so its tidy and clean now
39、. A. clean B. have cleaned C. will clean D. cleans6. A TV series named In the Name of People which shows many corruption cases _ popular among millions of people since it began on March 28. A. have been B. is C. has been D. was7. Would you like to watch The Great Wall 长城with me? Certainly. I dont mi
40、nd _ it again although I _ it twice. A. to see; saw B. seeing; have seen C. to see; have seen D. seeing; saw8. Has Mr. Green travelled abroad yet? Not only Mr. and Mrs. Green but also their daughter _ abroad twice. A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been1.（2019 湖北省随州市）Your new bike is so n
41、ice! When did you buy it? In July. I _ it for two weeks. A. hadB. have had C. have boughtD. bought2. （2019 临沂市）Melting ice(融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _ at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years. A. roseB. have risenC. rise3. （2019 安徽省）Its ten years since we came here. How tim
42、e flies! We _ in China for so long. A. workB. worked C. will workD. have worked4. （2019 福建省）Look! My mother _ a new dress for me. Wow, it looks very nice on you. A. is makingB. has madeC. will make5. （2019 内蒙古呼和浩特市）The shop in Wanda Square _ for six years, but I _ there so far. A. has opened; havent
43、 gone B. has been opened; havent been C. has been open; havent gone D. has been opened; havent been6. （2018 河北中考）I _ an invitation to the concert. I cant wait to go.A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received7. （2018 黑龙江绥化中考）I _ this magazine for three months.A. have bought B. have had C. have borrowed8. （2018 湖北黄冈中考）Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?In April. I _ it for two months.A. have hadB. hadC. have boughtD. bought9. （2018 恩施州中考）Recently, school violence _ in some schools.Luckily, our gov