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1、 1 课程主题：课程主题：语音、冠词、介词、阅读 学习目标学习目标 1.掌握掌握语音重点，掌握冠词介词的用法。语音重点，掌握冠词介词的用法。2.掌握阅读解题方法，扩大词汇量。掌握阅读解题方法，扩大词汇量。教学内容教学内容 课前热身：课前热身：1.The English students and teachers had a party last Friday evening.(改为一般疑问句)the English students and teachers a party last Friday evening?【答案】Did have 2.Tim has already enjoyed t
2、he French classic musical Notre de Paris.(改为一般疑问句)_ Tim enjoyed the French classic musical Notre de Paris_?【答案】Has.yet 3.They do some homework in the classroom before they leave school.(改为一般疑问句)_ they do _ homework in the classroom before they leave school?【答案】Do.any 4.All of us realize the importan
3、ce of keeping the air clean.(改为一般疑问句)_ all of you _ the importance of keeping the air clean?【答案】Do.realize 5.The Whites will move to a new house in two months.（对划线部分提问）_ _ will the Whites move to a new house?【答案】How soon 6.Anderson plays tennis twice a week.(对划线部分提问)2 _ _ does Anderson play tennis?【
4、答案】How often 7.Young people can learn a lot by keeping a pet dog.(对划线部分提问)_ _ young people learn a lot?【答案】How can 知识精讲：知识精讲：知识点一：知识点一：语音语音【知识梳理】1.元音字母在重读音节中的读音 字母 在开音节中读音 例子 在闭音节中读音 例词 a ei name plane Jane baby cake bag dad hat map black back e i:he these me Chinese e bed let pen desk yes egg i ai
5、bike fly drive time nice kite i fish big drink sit milk swim o ou those close go hoe home no clock not box shop sock u ju:student excuse duty Tuesday bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中，元音字母 u 在辅音字母 j，l，r，s 后面时读u:音，例如：June blue ruler super 2.-r 音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 元音字母组合 读音 例词 ar:car farm dark sharpener 在w音
6、后面 :warm quarter towards or/:/forty morning short 在w音后面 :word worker worse er ir ur:certainly bird Thursday 3 辅音字母 r 双写时，前面的元音字母不能与 r 构成-r 音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry-r 音节在非重读音节中通常读r音。例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 3.-re 音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 元音字母组合 读音 例词 are r care dare hare ere i
7、r here mere ire air fire hire wire or/:/more score before ure ju:pure cure are ere ire ore 很少出现在非重读音节中，ure 在非重读音节中读E音，例如：picture pleasure 重读元音字母加 Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re 音节拼读规则拼读，字母 Rr 读音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph 4.元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
8、元音字母组合 读音 例词 ai/ay ei afraid rain wait day play air r air hair chair pair repair al :small ball talk wall all :l always also salt almost au/aw :autumn daughter draw ea i:teach easy cheap please e heavy bread sweater weather 4 ei break great ear i r hear dear near clear year r bear pear wear swear:ea
9、rth learn early ee i:jeep week green three oa ou coat Joan boat goal oar/oor :roar board door floor oi/oy i noise point boy toilet our :r course your four 5.非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音 元音字母组合或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey i Sunday foreign monkey ow ou yellow sparrow tomorrow-sion-tion n impression nation-sten sn li
10、sten stle sl whistle-sure (r)pleasure measure 【例题精讲】【例题精讲】例 1.When it rains,it pours.Which is correct for the underlined part?（2017 青浦二模）A)e B)i:C)a D)e【答案】D【解析】元音字母 a 和 i 组合，在重读音节中读e，rain 的读音为ren,故选 D。例 2.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation？（2018 上海中考）5 A)back B)ch
11、at C)hate D)taxi【答案】C【解析】C 选项 hate 中的 a 发e，其他都发，故选 C。【巩固练习】【巩固练习】1.It is important for us to keep a promise.Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A)prmes B)pr:ms C)pr:mes D)prms 2.Which of the following is underlined parts is different in pronunciation with the th
12、ree others?A)Tom needs some information for his project.B)I have many questions to ask you.C)His situation is even worse than before.D)Cars are a major source of pollution.3.If you get nervous,take a deep breath to calm yourself down.Which of the following is correct in pronunciation for the underli
13、ned word in the sentence?A)/deip/B)/dep/C)/dip/D)/di:p/4.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A)If we dont smoke,our health will become better and better.B)We spent half a day going over all the lessons before the Chinese test.C)Dont cross the road when t
14、he red light is on.D)Shall we collect some colorful stones for Mary?5.Which of the following word matches the sound/sl/?A)single B)singer C)think D)thank 6 6.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A)You cant imagine how hard their life is.B)The car went
15、 out of control and crashed over the cliff.C)Do we really have to invite all my relatives to the wedding?D)His birthplace is Washington,but he lives in San Francisco.7.The serious haze(雾霾)caused many problems.Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A)/s i:ris/B)/si:
16、ris/C)/seris/D)/siris/8.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A)She looked confident,but in fact she was very nervous.B)I was excited to hear that I had passed the driving test.C)Cars had to be driven slowly because of thick fog.D)Jill hid his sisters
17、bike to play a trick.on her.9.We always say please whenever we ask someone to do things.Which of the following is correct for underlined word in the sentence?A./plz/B./plez/C./pli:z/D./plz/10.He did very well,but he failed to break the record.Which of the following is correct for the underlined word
18、 in the sentence?A)brek B)brek C)brk D)brk 【答案】DBDCA CDBCB 知识点二：知识点二：冠词冠词 7 1.不定冠词 a/an a 用在辅音因素开头的单词 a+university,uniform,useful,useless make a living,in a hurry,go for a swim；have a good time；have a look at,have a walk/talk/cold;Its a pleasure an 用在元音因素开头的单词前 an+hour，honest take an active part in
19、积极参加 26 个字母中有 12 个字母的读音以元音开头，要用 an:(A,E,F,H,I,L,M,N,O,R,S,X)2.定冠词 the 特指 The boy in blue 乐器前 play the piano/violin/guitar/drum/独一无二、最高级、序数词前 the sun；the only；the thinnest；the first same 前面一定要加 the the same；专有名词 the United States；the Peoples Republic of China.The Great Wall 搭配 make the bed 铺床；by the
20、way 顺便说一下 其他用法 the+adj.表示一类人 the poor，the rich，the blind the+姓氏复数，表示一家人。the Whites 3.零冠词 三餐、球类、棋牌类、官职 have breakfast;play tennis;play chess;play cards;manager;monitor 8 by+交通工具 by underground the 的省略 1前面有谁谁的(名词所有格或者物主代词的时候)，the 省略 2前面有数词的时候(包括基数词和序数词)，the 省略 3副词最高级前面通常省略 the。注意区别 go to school 去上学；go
21、 to the school去学校这个地方。go to hospital;go to the hospital go to church;go to the church【例题精讲】【例题精讲】例 1.It is not good manners to find excuse when you are late for school.（2018 金山一模）A)a B)an C)the D)/【答案】B【解析】excuse 为名词，有借口，理由的意思，发音是元音，故选 B。例 2.Wechat is useful tool to communicate with others nowadays.
22、（2018 宝山一模）A)an B)/C)the D)a【答案】D【解析】useful 并非元音发音，故选 D。【巩固练习】【巩固练习】1._ sign here stands for _ mistake.A)Aa B)Athe C)Thea D)Thethe 2.Kitty is such _ honest student that she is often praised by her teachers.A)a B)an C)the D)/3.Little Tom got up late and went to school in _ hurry this morning.9 A)a B)
23、an C)the D)/4.There is _ beautiful garden behind Marys house.A)a B)an C)the D)/5.Its time for fun.Lets play _ tennis,OK?A)/B)a C)an D)the 6.Ted told us a funny story,but he forgot _ending himself.A./B.a C.an D.the 7.Hello,sir.Could you show me _dictionary on the bookshelf?A)the B)a C)an D)/8.My fath
24、er is _ university teacher.He always works very hard.A)an B)a C)the D)/9.Many companies are planning to work four days_ week nowadays.A)a B)an C)the D)/10.Cathy has got _ new job at a childrens hospital.A)a B)an C)the D)/【答案】CBAAA DABAA 知知识点三：识点三：介词介词 知识梳理 1.介词表示时间、方位、方式的基本用法。2.一些易混介词的辨析及介词短语的用法。【点睛
25、】介词是虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，只能与名词、代词、数词、动名词等构成介词短 10 语作句子的成分。知识点 1.at,on,in 用于时间词前 介词 用法 例子 at 用在具体的时刻前 at 3:50 在 3 点 50 分 on 用在具体某一天前（具体某一天的上、下午等；星期几；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）on Monday 在周一；on a rainy evening 在一个下雨的晚上 in 用在年、月、季节及上午、下午、晚上等词前 in spring 在春天【注意】1.at night=in the night 在晚上，at noon 在中午，at this/that time 在这/那
26、时，at Christmas 在圣诞节 2.时间词（morning,afternoon,evening,Sunday.）前有 last,next,this that 时，不再用介词，tomorrow,tonight 前也不用介词。如：I will go to the cinema this evening.今晚我将去看电影。知识点 2.at,in on 用于地点词前 介词 用法 例句 at 用在小地点前 They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达了上海。in 用在大地点前或指在某个范围之内 He arrived in Shangha
27、i yesterday.他昨天到达了上海。11 on 表示在某个物体的表面 There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。知识点 3.across 与 through 1.Across 表示从表面穿过。如：Can you swim across the river?你能游过这条河吗？2.through 表示从内部穿过。如：The road runs through the forest.这条公路穿过森林。知识点 4.in 与 after 1.in+时间段表示一段时间之后，与将来时连用，回答 how soon 引导的问句。如：Ill leave in ten minut
28、es.十分钟之后我将要离开。2.after+时间段与过去时连用；after+时间点可与将来时连用。They left after two weeks.他们是两周之后离开的。What are you going to do after supper?晚饭后你打算做什么？知识点 5.in the tree 与 on the tree;in the wall 与 on the wall 1.in the tree 意为在树上，表示外来事物在树上停留；on the tree 意为在树上，表示花、果、叶等长在树上。如：There is a bird singing in the tree.有只鸟儿正在树
29、上唱歌。There are many apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。2.in the wall/on the wall 都意为在墙上。in the wall 表示物体镶嵌在墙上，on the wall 表示物体贴/挂在墙表面。如：There is a big window in the wall.墙上有一扇大窗户。12 There is a map on the wall.墙上有一张地图。知识点 6.by,with 与 in 介词 意义及用法 例句 by 表示用/靠/通过.的方法 I learn English by listening to the radio.我通过
30、听收音机学英语。with 指用工具、手、口等 Please write the letter with a pen.请用钢笔写这封信。和.一起 I often go to school with my sister.我经常和妹妹一起去上学。带有.She is a girl with blond hair.她是一个有金黄色头发的女孩。in 指用语言、话语、声音等 Please say it in English.请用英语说它。后加表示颜色或服装的词 She is always in red.她总是穿着红色的衣服。知识点 7.between 与 among between 表示在两者之间；amon
31、g 表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：Tom sits between Lucy and Lily.汤姆坐在露西和莉莉之间。They lived among the mountains in the past.过去他们住在山里。知识点 8.besides 与 except 13 1.Besides 表示一种累加关系，意为除了.之外（还有.）。如：Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him.除他妻子外，他的女儿也去看过他了。2.except 表示一种排除关系，指除了.之外，不再有.。如：No one passed the exam excep
32、t Jim.除吉姆外，没有一个人通过了考试。知识点 9.since,for 与 until 介词 意义及用法 例句 until 用于否定句中，意为直到.才，谓语动词多为非延续性动词 We dont see any flowers until May.直到五月，我们才会看到一些花。用于肯定句中，意为直到.为止，谓语动词须用延续性动词 You must wait until 10:00.你必须等到十点。since 意为自从.以来，常用于现在完成时 I have live here since ten years ago.自从十年前我就住在这儿了。for 意为历时.之久 He has been a
33、teacher for nine years.他当老师已经 9 年了。介词固定搭配：1.介词与动词的搭配 ask for 寻求.agree with 同意.arrive in/at 到达 catch up with 赶上 do well in 在.做得好 depend on 取决于 14 look after 照顾 look at 看 pay for 为.付钱 wait for 等候 hear from 收到.来信 worry about 担心 spend.on.在.花费 think of 认为，想起 help sb.With 在.帮助某人 turn on/off/up/down 打开/关上/
34、调高/降低 2.介词与名词的搭配 at the end of 在.末端 at once 立刻；马上 at the same time 同时 at home/school 在家/学校 by bus 乘公交车 in time 及时 in the sun 在阳光下 in trouble 在困境中 in the end 最终 on foot 步行 on time 按时 on duty 值日 3.介词与形容词的搭配 be late for 迟到 be afraid of 担心 be angry with 生.的气 be good at 擅长 be full of 充满 be interested in
35、对.感兴趣 be famous for/as 因/作为.出名 be good/bad for 对.有好处/坏处 【例题【例题精讲】精讲】例 1.Every year November,people from all over the city come to Hangzhou to enjoy Golden Autumn.（2018奉贤一模）A)in B)at C)on D)during【答案】A【解析】月份前用介词 in,故选 A。例 2.He had learned more than 600 words the age of five.（2018 宝山一模）A)about B)by C)
36、at D)of 15【答案】B【解析】By the age of.到.岁时，用于完成时中，at the age of.在.岁时，用于一般过去时。故选 B。【巩固练习】【巩固练习】1.A terrible earthquake with Tsunami hit Japan _March 11.A)at B)on C)in D)by 2.The boys are talking _the football match between Class One and Class Three.A)about B)in C)from D)with 3.Its getting warmer and warme
37、r.Do you still get up_6:30 every day?A)on B)in C)at D)by 4.The forest fire in Yunnan started to spread up suddenly _ the night of March 1st.A)at B)in C)for D)on 5.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Thursday November.A)in B)on C)at D)for 6.The plane will take off three hours.I must get to the airpo
38、rt at once.A)at B)in C)on D)by 7.Dont add too much salt _ the soup,or it will be too salty.A)in B)on C)to D)at 8.Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping started his visit to the United States February 13.A)in B)on C)at D)for 9.Shelly plans to visit Shanghai with her parents _ August.A)at B)on C)in D)by 10
39、.The Japanese held different kinds of activities to commemorate(纪念)the one-year anniversary of their 16 earthquake _ March this year.A)on B)in C)at D)to【答案】BACDA BCBCB 知识点知识点四：阅读四：阅读 知识梳理 知识点 1：解题步骤 1)先看问题，再读文章 带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题，摘取有用的材料。2)细读全文 认真分析与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，特别留心一些关键信息词。对于文章中出
40、现的生词或看不懂的句子，可以根据上下文意思猜测理解。3)复读全文，验证答案 这一步骤要用全文的主题思想统率各考题，把我们在阅读和答题时所得到的信息归纳整理一遍后重新再读一遍短文检查答案，看是否前后一致；意义和语言知识是否和原文相符；是否符合逻辑等。发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。要注意的是，改正原来选定的答案，一定要慎之又慎。一定要有充分的理由，才可改正先前的答案。知识点 2：题型的类型与解题方法 1)主旨题 主旨题主要测试学生对文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能力。这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，必须根据原文提供的有关信息，进行合理的推理和判断才能回答。在处理这类问题时，通常采用
41、快读方法，先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，特别注意要仔细阅读开头段和结尾段，因为大多数文章的中心思想都出现在这两段里。2)细节题 17 细节题主要测试学生识别阅读材料中的具体事实和细节的能力，通常以 what、who、which、when、where、how 或 why 等词引导。考生必须特别注意作者在陈述中谈到的是何人、何事、何处、何时、何故，在有关此类问题的地方作一个标记，以便在回答问题时迅速查找。属于细节类的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样，没有固定模式。可行的策略为：明确题意，寻找答案源，抓住关键词，仔细核对。3)词义题 在中考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是
42、被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度，可从以下三方面入手：(1)通过上下文的种种提示来准确猜出这个词的含义。(2)根据构词法辨认其中的词根的含义，就可以判断出其派生、转化或复合词的其他词义。(3)如果遇到非常熟悉的词汇，一定要尽量撇开其基本含义，注意其引申的意义。关键就是要牢牢树立上下文观念，用上下文去确定词汇的真正含义。4)数据推算题 此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。做此类题一要抓任有关的数据，二要从众多的信息中找出那些有用的信息，三要抓住一些关键词。5)推理判断题 考生
43、应当在阅读时抓住文章的主题和细节，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章中或者是作者隐含的倾向、意图、态度和观点等的实质性线索，如运用常识、根据情景进行猜测或举一反三。考生一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。【例题【例题精讲】精讲】例 1.Some days,dont you think，Wouldnt it be nice if the laundry（洗衣）would just do itself？Self-cleaning clothes may sound crazy.But Australian researchers have fo
44、und a way to make something like this possible!A team at RMIT University in Melbourne,Australia,found a way to put special nanostructures（纳 米 结 构）18 into clothing,which can then clean the clothes.When sunlight hits the nanostructures,they break down the dirt and stains（污渍）that dont belong on your cl
45、othes.The nanostructures dont break down the actual clothing because cotton and the other clothing materials are too strong to be broken down.According to CNN,the researchers cover the clothing in a solution made of silver and copper（铜）nanostuctures.All it takes is 40 minutes of sunlight and your cl
46、othes will look as good as new.So if you spill on yourself during lunch,you can step outside for a walk,and it will be clean by the time you go inside.It not only makes your life easier,but it can also be good for the environment.According to the US Department of Energy,the average load of laundry u
47、ses about 25 gallons（about 94 liters）of water.Water is a very important resource,so using less of it to wash clothes is better for the environment.But one of the scientists at RMIT University knows more needs to be done.Theres more work to do before we can start throwing out our washing machines，sai
48、d Dr Rajesh Ramanathan，but this is a strong foundation（基础）So whats the next step?Ramanathan wants to either start selling the solution by itself or convincing（说服）clothing makers to treat the clothing with the solution while clothes are being made.4.What can we learn from the passage?A.Silver and cop
49、per sell well.B.The solution is not put into practice.C.Clothing makers certainly like the solution.D.We dont need washing machines any more.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们可以从文章中学到什么？根据文章最后一段可知，Ramanathan 想的方法是要么卖掉这种设计，要么说服服装生产者在加工衣服时加入这种材料，因此可推知这种衣服没有被投入生产，故选 B。例 2.Ive loved my mothers desk since I was just
50、 tall enough to sit above the top of it.Mother sat writing letters.Standing by her chair,looking at the ink bottle,pens,and white paper,I decided that the action of writing must be a most wonderful thing in the world.19 Years later,during her final illness,Mother kept different things for my sister