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1、八年级英语下册Unit 1知识点【Useful expressions】have a cold 感冒have a stomachache 肚子痛have a sore back 背痛have a toothache 牙齿痛lie down and rest 躺下来休息take ones temperature 量体温have a fever 发烧take breaks 休息get off 下车to ones surprise 让某人惊讶的是right away 立刻，马上get into 进入，陷入without thinking twice 毫不犹豫expect sb.to do sth.期
2、待某人做某事wait for 等待agree to.同意thanks to.幸亏 in time 及时think about 考虑 fall down 摔倒feel sick 感到恶心put a bandage on it 把绷带绑到cut ones knee 割伤某人的膝盖put some medicine on it 把药涂在.上get hit on the head 击中头部 hurt ones back 伤到背be used to doing sth.习惯做某事take risks(take a risk) doing sth.冒险做某事run out (of) 用完，用尽cut of
3、f 切除，砍掉 get out of 离开，从.出来be in control of 掌管，控制be interested in 对.感兴趣because of 由于，因为save ones life 就某人的命be ready to do sth.准备做某事so that 以便，为的是so.that.如此.以至于.the importance of .的重要性keep on doing sth.坚持做某事give up 放弃in a difficult situation 在困境中see a dentist 看牙医go to the doctor 看医生get an X-ray 拍X光片ta
4、ke some medicine 吃药in the same way 以同样的方式shout for help 大声呼救make a decision 做出决定have prbolems breathing 呼吸困难 【Target sentences】Whats the matter with you?I have a cold.She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water.She has a very sore throat now.What should I do? You should lie down and r
5、estWhats the matter with him? He has a toothache.What should he do?He should see a dentist and get an X-ray.Does he have a fever?Yes, he does.Should he take his temperature?Yes, he should. She shouldnt eat so much next time.What happened? I felt sick. Aron Ralston is an American man who is intereste
6、d in mountain climbing.Aron almost lost his life three times because of climbing accidents.Aron ran out of water after three days.As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.He was not ready to die th
7、at day.This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 【Language points】1.Whats the matter?该句型常用来询问某人发生了什么不愉快的事情或者周围发生了什么事情。用于健康话题时，旨在询问某人哪里不舒服。其后可加介词with, 引出询问的对象。
8、拓展延伸：常用于询问疾病、不适的表达还有：Whats wrong (with).?Whats the trouble (with).?What happened (to) .?2. I have a stomachache.（1）have 在此处作及物动词，意为“患病”，可与get或catch 互换。 cold 前可用bad，heavy等词修饰。Because the temperature dropped sharply, many students caught a bad cold.（2）【拓展延伸】“人体部位+ache” 常表示“痛”，常见的还有：3.lie down and rest
9、lie down 躺下lie 的用法：Dont lie to me! =Dont tell lies to me!4.when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事see sb.doing sth.强调看到某个动作正在进行。see sb.do sth.意为“看到某人做某事”，强调看到整个动作发生的全过程或经常发生。I saw Tom playing chess with the old man when I passed by the park.I saw Jim g
10、o into the bank just now.5.He got off and asked the woman what happened.get off 下车get off多指从公交车、火车、飞机等空间较大的交通工具上下来，其反义短语为get on。They got off the bus and walked away.She said goodbye to her mother and got on the plane.【拓展延伸】 get in和get out of 指上/下小型交通工具，比如汽车、出租车等。【图解】6.He expected most or all of the
11、passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.expect sb.to do sth. 预料某人会做某事；期望某人做某事I didnt expect him to stay so long.【拓展延伸】expect的其他常见用法：I expect to be back within a week.Theres the doorbellI expect that it will be my mother.You are expected to shake hands.7.But to his surprise, they all agreed t
12、o go with him. (1)to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是To my surprise,he failed the exam.【拓展延伸】in surprise 惊讶地（2）agree to do sth. 同意做某事We agreed to go to Hong Kong after the exam.【拓展延伸】与agree相关的短语：8.Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passengers, the man saved by the doctors in time.（1）thanks to 多亏；由于Thanks to others help
13、, we live much more happily than before.【拓展延伸】thanks for (doing) sth.意为“因（做）某事而感谢你（们）”。Thanks for lending me your umbrella.（2）in time 及时Luckily,he caught the train in time.【拓展延伸】on time 准时，按时You should arrive at school on time.9.Its sad that many people dont want to help others because they dont wan
14、t any trouble.trouble n.问题；苦恼,trouble在此处作不可数名词。I know you have trouble, but I can do nothing for you.【拓展延伸】trouble常用短语10.Did you fall down?fall down 摔倒；摔下fall down为不及物动词短语，其后不能直接跟宾语。fall down from 表示“从摔下”，相当于fall off。Little babies often fall down when they are learning to walk.11.Run in under water.
15、 run v. 流淌；流动run在此处作动词，表示“（液体）流动” 。 Water was running all over the bathroom floor.12.Someone felt sick.sick adj. 生病的；有病的sick作形容词， 意为“生病的；有病的”。sick leave意为“病假”。If you are unhappy, youll easily get sick.【特别提醒】sick和ill都有“生病的”的意思， 但sick可以充当定语或表语，而ill通常作表语。She is ill/sick in bed.He asked for two weeks le
16、ave to look after his sick father.【拓展延伸】sick还有“恶心；厌倦的”意思。feel sick 感到恶心be sick of 厌倦As soon as the ship started moving, I began to feel sick.She is sick of her present job.13.told him to rest tell sb.to do sth. 告诉某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.为固定结构，其否定形式为tell sb.not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”。He told me to leav
17、e a note on the desk.This story tells us not to fool ourselves.14.Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.be interested in 对感兴趣be interested in为固定短语，其后可以接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。Li Lei is interested in English and he watches BBC News every day.He was interested in playing soc
18、cer when he was young.15.As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.be used to 习惯于；适应于be used to 后接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。短语中的be还可以换为get，get强调动作而be强调状态。Im used to getting up early.You will soon be/get used to the weather here.【拓展延伸】be used to do 被用来做used to do 过去常常be used for doing sth.被用来做be use
19、d as 被用作16.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accident.because of 因为because of 和because的区别17.But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.(1)run out 用尽；耗尽run out与run out of 两个短语的意思都是“用尽”，但具体用法不同：His money soon ran out.= He s
20、oon ran out of his money.(2)动词不定式短语作目的状语本句中的to save his own life为动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。动词不定式短语既可位于句首，也可位于句末。如果置于句首，需要用逗号隔开。The government is setting up nature parks to help protect pandas.To draw maps well, you need a special pen.18.He was not ready to die that day.be ready to do sth.准备好做某事；愿意做某事(1) be r
21、eady to do sth.在此处意为“准备好做某事”，其同义短语为get ready to do sth.。be 强调状态，get 强调动作。Im ready to pick you up.(2) be ready to do sth.还可意为“愿意做某事”。Im ready to answer your questions.【拓展延伸】be/get ready for 意为“为做准备”。其中for为介词，其后跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。We are getting ready for the competition.Ive been ready for making dinner.19
22、.This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. mean v.意思是；打算；意欲(1) mean在此处作动词，意为“意思是”，其名词形式为meaning，意为“意思”。What do/doesmean?=Whats the meaning of? 意为“是什么意思？”What does this word mean?=Whats the meaning of this word?(2) mean作动词，还可表示“打算；意欲”。mean to do sth.“打算做某事”We mean
23、to visit you tomorrow.(3)拓展延申mean v.打算meaning意思meaningful有意义的meaningless毫无意义的20.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (1)so.that.如此以至于;引导结果状语从句。so为副词，后面常接形容词或副词的原级。He runs so fast that we cant catch up with him.知识链接：so that意为“以便；为了”
24、，引导目的状语从句。此时从句中常含有can, could, may, might, will, would, should等情态动词。Youd better take the map with you so that you wont get lost.(2)keep on doing sth.继续做某事Keep on learning as long as you live.【拓展延伸】keep的其他常见用法：keep (sb.) doing sth. （让某人）一直做某事 keep sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物保持状态
25、例句：Tom kept his friend waiting outside the gate.The heavy rain kept us from going to school.We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.【Grammar Focus】1.表示疾病及事故伤害的语言特征(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达Whats the matter/wrong/ the trouble (with sb .)?What happened (to sb.)? Are you OK?Is there anything
26、wrong with sb.? (2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构:某人+have/has+病症:Ihave acold/cough某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位He has asore throat.他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词:He hurt hisleg.他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位| have
27、a pain in my headThere is something wrong /Something is wrong +with ones 身体部位其他表达 She has a heart trouble.He got hit on the head.She cut her finger.2.情态动词 should 的用法（1）语法概述：情态动词should意为“应该；应当”，其后接动词原形，且没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式是在should后加not。（2）例句陈述句：You should have a rest.疑问句：Should we go now?否定句：You shouldnt
28、 eat so much.（3）情态动词should的用法表示征询意见和提出建议We should do sports every day.表示推测He should be a policeman.表示义务或责任You should finish your homework this evening.3.反身代词1.语法概述：表示反射或强调的代词叫作反身代词。第一、二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词加后缀-self或-selves构成，第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加后缀-self或-selves构成。2.反身代词的构成3.反身代词的用法（1）反身代词作宾语反身代词可放在及物动词（短语）或
29、介词的后面作宾语，强调宾语和主语是相同的人或物。We must look after ourselves very well.Tom taught himself math.The old man lives by himself in the countryside.（2）反身代词作同位语反身代词在句中通常作名词、代词的同位语，译作“本身；亲自”。反身代词作主语的同位语时，应放在主语之后或句子末尾；作宾语的同位语时，应放在宾语之后。I spoke to the manager himself.I never thought that he himself would come.（3）反身代词
30、作表语Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。Im feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。（4）含有反身代词的一些固定短语【Topic writing】How to Keep HealthyIts important for us to keep healthy.As middle school students, we should have a healthy lifestyle.Here are some suggestions.First, we should do exercise at least one hour a day, such as
31、 running and walking.Second, have a healthy diet.Eat more fruit and vegetables.Try not to eat junk food.Third, wed better not spend too much time going online.Its bad for our study and eyes.Fourth, go to bed early and dont stay up too late because enough sleep is good for our health.Finally, be happy as possible as we can.Learn to smile at any time. If we can do what is listed above, I believe we can keep healthy.9