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1、高考英语词汇辨析1.occur,happen和take place 都有“发生”的意思,那么它们在用法上有什么异同呢?Occuroccur 意为“发生”时可表示偶然事件或计划之事,可与 happen 换用。但后接 to sb./sth. 时,两者含义不同:happen to sb./sth. 指某事发生在某人或某物身上;occur to sb./sth. 多指“被想起(到)”。例句:The earthquake occurred/happened at dawn.地震发生在黎明时分。A serious traffic accident occurred/happened yesterday.昨
2、天发生了一起严重的交通事故。It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.我没有想到要核实我的保险单条款。Happenhappen 为普通用词,多用于偶然事件。当指“偶然发生”时,主语为sth.;当主语是sb.时,意为“碰巧”。例句:The accident happened at 5 oclock.事故发生在5点钟。What happened then?后来又发生了什么事?Take placetake place 表示“发生,举行”,主要用于事先计划好的事情,可与 happen 或occur换用,但其后面一般不接 to sb./sth
3、. 结构。此外take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”。例句:Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。The parade will take place on Sunday, rain or shine.庆祝游行定于星期日举行,风雨无阻。2.official 和 officer 都有“官员;职员”的意思,那么它们具体有什么区别呢?Officialofficial意为“官员,高级职员”,一般指政府的文职官员,或机构的高级职员。例句:Everywhere he went he was accompanied by a gro
4、up of officials.他每到一处都有一群官员陪同。The public officials here are very qualified.这里的公职人员非常称职。Officerofficer 意为“军官;警官;职员”,常指军官、警官等,也可指公司的高级职员、政府的高级官员等。例句:The officer ordered his men to retreat from the battle.军官命令士兵撤出战斗。The police officer is on duty.警官在执勤。3.on earth,on the earth 和 in the earth都是和“earth”有关的
5、词组那么它们分别是什么意思呢?On earthon earth 一般作“到底”或“究竟”解,置于 what,when,why等疑问词之后,以加强问句的语气。作“世界上”解,用于最高级之后,以加强语气。例句:What on earth is it?这到底是什么东西?Why on earth would he want to go to such a place?他到底为什么想去那样一个地方?I must be the happiest person on earth!我一定是世界上最幸福的人!On the earthon the earth 意为“在地球上”。例句:When did mammal
6、s appear on the earth?地球上的哺乳动物起源于何时?In the earthin the earth 意为“地下,在地下。例句:That is actually a cavity in the earth.那其实是一个地下洞穴。The roots anchor the plant in the earth.根部使植物固定在土壤中。4.particular,especial,special 和 specific都包含“特殊的”的意思,那么要如何区分它们呢?Particularparticular 意为“特别的,特殊的,特有的”,强调个性或特殊性,即侧重于个别的、特别的、不同于
7、一般的情况、特点等。例句:Do you have anything particular planned?你有什么特别的计划吗?You should pay particular attention to grammar.你应该特别注意语法。Especialespecial 意为“特别的,特殊的”,和 special 基本同义,但更强调在程度上超出一般的,只作定语。例句:My sister has an especial fondness for mushrooms.我妹妹对蘑菇有着特殊的偏好。This is a matter of especial importance.这是一件特别重要的事
8、情。Specialspecial 意为“特别的,特殊的”,是普通用词,指事物在质量、特性、用途等方面不同于一般的,常含更重要或更好之意。例句:There is a special place in the bar for chatting.酒吧里有一块专门用于聊天的地方。Are you doing anything special for your 15th wedding anniversary?你们结婚15周年纪念有什么特别活动吗?Specificspecific 意为“特有的,特定的”指某一事物具有特定属性、风格等的,只作定语。例句:The picture has a specific
9、style.这幅画有一种独特的风格。The money is to be used for a specific purpose.这钱将用于某种特定用途。5.pity,sympathy 和 compassion都包含“同情;怜悯”的意思,那么在具体语境中要如何区分它们呢?Pitypity 意为“怜悯,同情”,指对弱者、不幸者的苦难、困境等表示的怜悯。例句:She felt pity for a man suffering so much.她对那个受过那么多痛苦的人感到同情。I listened to his sad story with pity.我同情地听他讲述他的悲惨故事。Sympathy
10、sympathy 意为“同情,怜悯”,是普通用词,表示对他人遭遇、境况等的同情、怜惜,含有感同身受的意味,作此义解时常后接介词 for。例句:She showed her sympathy for the lonely guy.她非常同情这个孤独的男人。She used her sob story to gain sympathy from the press.她用自己的悲伤故事赢得新闻界的同情。Compassioncompassion 是较正式用词,指对他人不幸遭遇的同情和怜悯,含愿意提供帮助之意。例句:They had much compassion for the widow who m
11、oved here last Friday.他们很同情上周五搬来这里的那个寡妇。I feel a measure of compassion for the woman.我对那个女人怀有一定程度的同情。6.possibly, probably 和 perhaps都有“可能;大概”的意思,那么在具体语境中要如何区分它们呢?Possiblepossible 意为“可能;尽量;或许”,所指的可能性较小,为加强语气,可与can或could连用;与may连用时表示的可能性更小。例句:It may possibly be true也许是真的。Please call me as soon as you po
12、ssibly can请尽快给我打电话。Could you possibly tell me the answer?你能告诉我这个答案吗?Probablyprobably 意为“可能;大概;几乎肯定”,其语义较强,可能性较大。在否定句中,probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。例句:The two cases are most probably connected.这两桩案件极有可能互相关联。I can probably make the time to see them.我大概能腾出时间去看望他们。注意她大概不会来这里。正:Probably she wont come here.正:She pr
13、obably wont come here.正:She wont come here probably.误:She wont probably come here.Perhapsperhaps 意为“也许,大概”,含有“可能这样,也可能不这样”之意,其含义和用法与maybe一样,多用于口语。例句:The lesson from all of this is perhaps a broader one从所有这一切中得出的教训可能具有更广泛的意义。When youre done, perhaps I can say something.等你说完,也许我可以说点什么。7.power,force,en
14、ergy和strength都含“力”、“力量”的意思。Powerpower 是普通用词,泛指一切力量、能力等。例句:Adults know the power of love.成年人懂得爱的力量。The propelling power of trains is usually made of steam or electricity.火车的动力通常来自蒸汽或电。Forceforce 通常指外力,如物体相撞时产生的力量。例句:The force of her fall was broken by the straw mats.草垫的缓冲作用减弱了她下落的冲击力。The torrents of
15、water rushed ahead with a terrifying force.急流汹涌奔腾。Energyenergy 意为“能源,能量;精力”,在物理学中指能量、能源,用于人时则指体力和精力。例句:Potential energy can be used to do work.势能可以用来做功。We should devote our energy to the career.我们应该致力于这项事业。StrengthStrength 意为“力气,力量”,通常指体力或人、事物等拥有的实力。例句:He had hardly enough strength left to move his
16、feet.他连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。Our national strength has increased since 1982.自1982年以来,我们的国力增强了。8.place,location,position 和 site都有“位置,地点”的意思,那么它们在具体语境中有什么区别呢?Placeplace 意为“地方,地点,场所”,是普通用词,既可以指比较笼统的地方,又可以指某一具体的地点。例句:Put your money in a safe place.把钱放在安全的地方。This is a great place for sightseeing.这是个观光游览的好地方。Loca
17、tionlocation 意为“地点,位置”,尤指相对于其他建筑物、地区等而言某人或某物所处的地理位置。例句:The rescue workers needed the precise location of the crash.救援人员需要知道飞机失事的确切地点。She wants to rent an apartment in a really good location.她想租一间位置很好的公寓。Positionposition 意为“位置,方位”,指某人、某物相对于其他人、物或地方而言所处的方位。例句:The college is in a good position by the r
18、iver.学院靠着河,处于很好的位置。He emphasized the strategic position of that island in his report.他在报告中重点强调了那个小岛的战略位置。Sitesite 意为“地点,场所”,既可指发生过重要或有趣事件的场所,也可指有专门用途的场地。例句:The bar is built on the site of an ancient arena.这家酒吧建在一个古代竞技场的遗址上。They pitched their tent at the camping site.他们在营地上搭起了帐篷。9.quiet,silent,still
19、和 calm意思相近,那么它们具体有什么区别呢?Quietquiet 意为“安静的,平静的”,是普通用词,指环境等很安静、几乎或完全没有噪音的,也可指不被打扰、安谧恬静的;用于人时则表示性情温和文静的。例句:Well have to be quiet so as not to wake the other roommates.我们得安静点,免得吵醒其他室友。The two friends who havent seen each other for a long time look for a quiet corner in the bar so that they can talk.这两位久
20、未见面的朋友想在酒吧里找一个安静的角落说说话。Silentsilent 意为“寂静的,无声的”,指没有任何声音的,或不弄出任何声响的。例句:We hiked through a silent pine forest.我们穿过了一片寂静的松树林。When operating, this dishwasher is almost silent.这种洗碗机工作时几乎不发出一点声响。Stillstill 意为“寂静的;静止的”,指环境等非常安静、几乎或全然无声的,也可指人静止不动的。例句:The house is as still as a grave.这幢房子寂静得像座坟墓。The whole wo
21、rld stood still right at that moment.全世界在那一刻静止了。Calmcalm 意为“平静的,镇静的”,是普通用词,指天气无风的或海洋等风平浪静的,也可指人镇定沉着、心平气和的。例句:After the storm, the sea became calm again.暴风雨之后,大海又恢复了平静。The calm water in the lake was really beautiful.平静的湖水非常美丽。10.reply,answer和respond都有“回答,回复”的意思,那么在具体语境中要如何选择呢?Replyreply 意为“回答,答复”,比较正
22、式,多指经过考虑后给出答案,一般不用于口语,常后接介词 to。例句:She didnt reply to his message.她没有回复他的留言。He didnt know how to reply to her letter just then.那时,他不知道如何给她回信。Answeranswer 意为“回答,答复”,是普通用词,指通过文字、言语或行动作出回答,一般不后接介词 to。例句:I asked her a question, but she would not answer.我问了她一个问题,但她不愿回答。You should answer the questions in the first part in ten minutes.你应用10分钟解答第一部分的题。Respondrespond 意为“回答,响应”,是较正式用词,指以言语或行动作出回应,常后接介词 to/with。例句:He didnt respond to any of her questions.他没有回答她任何问题。His friends responded with offers of help.对此他的朋友们伸出援手。7