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1、Period ThreeGrammarInfinitives(2) as the predicative语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题(1)Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.(2)During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.(3)In this work，
2、Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.在以上句子中，动词不定式都是作表语，表示具体的事情或将要发生的事情。语法精析动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。本单元主要复习动词不定式作表语的用法。一、基本用法动词不定式可以放在be，become，sound，taste等系动词后面作表语。具体用法如下：1表示目的。The next step is to make sure that you kno
3、w exactly what is required.下一步是确保你确切知道需要什么。The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.教育的目的是发展儿童美好的品格。2表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。That experience was to change his whole life.那次经历会改变他的整个生活。You must speak out，if we are to remain friends.如果我们要继续做朋友，你必须直言不讳。You are to die at ni
4、netyeight.你会在98岁时去世。3用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。What am I to say if they ask me the question?要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？What am I to do if I have no money?如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢？4用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。You are to be rewarded.你应该受到奖励。(should)Its nowhere to be found.哪儿也找不到它。(cant be)These books are not t
5、o be sold.这些书不应该卖掉。(ought not to be)5表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。They are to marry next week.他们将在下周结婚。(安排)Children are not to smoke.儿童不准吸烟。(禁止)You must be patient if you are to succeed.想要成功，就必须有耐心。(愿望)6不定式作表语，可用主动形式表示被动意义。She is to blame.她应该受到责备。A great deal is yet to do.还有许多事要做。Something is still to
6、find out.有些东西还有待查明。二、动词不定式和动名词作表语的区别动词不定式和动名词都可以作表语。但用法有区别：表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。 Marys task is to set the table.玛丽的任务是要去摆桌子。His job is looking after sheep.他的任务是照看羊。但这种区别并不是绝对的。例外的情况也不少，比如在 job，problem 等名词后面就可用不定式或动名词作表语，且意思区别很小。如：The problem is finding the time to get things don
7、e.问题是要找到完成这些事情的时间。The problem was to find the right place quickly.问题是要迅速找到合适的地方。.翻译句子1To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.对敌人仁慈就是对人民冷酷。2My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。3What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.我建议推迟会议。4Our work i
8、s serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。5What he likes is taking a walk after supper.他喜欢的事情是晚饭后散步。.语法填空 My aim in life is 6. (protect) the environment for future generations.I want to become 7. environmental consultant after graduation.Many people think that pollution cannot8. (stop) if we want the country
9、 to develop.But that is not true.We can cut back on9. (danger) and dirty waste from factories.Although a factory produces a large quantity of goods，it does not mean that it has to pump a lot of pollution into the environment.I also want to teach people to buy products 10. have been recycled.This is
10、much 11. (good) for the environment，because it means we do not need to cut down many trees.Companies and businesses can still operate,12. the Earth will not have to suffer.There is no 13. (debate) that we also have a problem with population.The number of people in the world keeps growing，and we 14.
11、(produce) more rubbish and using up more raw materials.What if they run out? I am confident that if we are all willing 15. (work) together，we can overcome these challenges and keep the Earth clean and healthy.6答案to protect解析考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作表语，表示将来的动作。7答案an解析考查冠词。此处表示泛指，“一位环境顾问”，又因environmental以元音音素开头
12、，故用an。8答案be stopped解析考查动词的语态。此处意为：很多人认为如果我们想要国家发展，污染就不能被停止。故用被动语态。9答案dangerous解析考查词性转换。and前后连接并列的形容词修饰名词waste。10答案that/which解析考查定语从句。此处关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词products，从句中缺主语，故用which或that引导。11答案better解析考查形容词比较级。“much形容词比较级”表示“得多”。此处意为：这对环境更好一些。故用比较级。12答案but解析考查连词。公司和企业仍旧能够运转，但是地球将不再需要遭受折磨了。此处表示转折。13答案debating
13、解析考查词性转换。此处的no为限定词。There is no debating that.为固定句型，意为“无可争辩”。14答案are producing解析考查动词的时态。空格后的and连接并列结构，由using up知此处用现在进行时。句意为：我们正在制造更多的垃圾同时用完更多的原料。15答案to work解析考查非谓语动词。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。基础巩固.句型转换1The young man should be praised by the boss.The young man is to be praised by the boss.2What shal
14、l I do if she asks me for some advice?What am I to do if she asks me for some advice?3As a matter of fact，the driver should be blamed for it.As a matter of fact，the driver is to blame for it.4They will hold a party when they arrive at the island.They are to hold a party when they arrive at the islan
15、d.5They are supposed to arrive before noon.They are to arrive before noon.单句写作6他想做的事情是让儿子与众不同。(set apart from)What he wants to do is (to) set his son apart from others.7这个女孩的工作就是每天回复邮件。(answer)The girls job is answering/to answer emails every day.8这个年轻人的小说将会表达美好的情感。(convey)The young mans novels are
16、to convey nice feelings.9那个淘气的男孩应该因为恶劣的行为受到批评。(criticize)The naughty boy is to be criticized for his bad behavior.10那次采访注定会影响他的整个事业。(influence)The interview is to influence his whole career.能力提升.阅读理解AJamie Wardley is a special kind of artistan ice sculptor.He first trained as a sand sculptor.Later，h
17、e learned about ice sculpture.Now he does sand sculpture in summer.And in winter，he sculpts ice.When sculpting ice，Wardley has to work in cold temperatures.If the weather is cold enough，he can work outside.But winter in the United Kingdom is not always very cold.So often he works in a large freezer
18、where the temperature is about 12 .Wardley enjoys sculpting ice outside in winter.When he sculpts in the open air，people can watch.They can be part of the creative process.Wardley makes ice sculpting sound simple.But the tools Wardley uses are sharp and dangerous.And the ice is very heavy.Each block
19、 of ice weighs 120 kilos.And some larger sculptures are made of several combined blocks of ice.Sometimes ice sculptures can be as big as buildings.In Kemi，Finland there is an ice hotel called the Snow Castle.Each year，Wardley helps build the Snow Castle.Inside the Snow Castle，the temperature is 50.E
20、ven the dining tables are made of ice.So you have to wear winter clothes when eating and wear a hat when sleeping.“The ice hotel is built every year in January.Then it melts in April.Each year we rebuild it and create a new design，” Wardley said.The Snow Castle is a large and amazing work of ice，but
21、 Wardleys smaller ice sculptures are special too.One winter，in the city of Bradford，the UK，Wardley created several small sculptures.He used the sculptures to tell a story which contained an important message about goodwill and understanding.Ice sculptures are temporary works of art.When the temperat
22、ure rises，they will melt.But that does not mean that their beauty is lost.The sculptures from that day in Bradford have now melted away，but their message of goodwill，understanding and acceptance remains.语篇解读本文讲述了艺术家杰米沃德利进行冰雕创作，帮助建造了芬兰的冰雪城堡，以此将冰雕的美展现给人们的故事。1According to the text，Wardley .Aloves sand
23、sculpture more than ice sculptureBsculpts ice in a large freezer in summerCworked as an ice sculptor in the beginningDenjoys carving ice outdoors in winter答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Wardley enjoys sculpting ice outside in winter.”可知D项正确。A项在文中未提及；由第一段最后一句可知，杰米沃德利在冬天进行冰雕创作，而非夏天，故B项错误；由第一段第二句可知，杰米沃德利最初是一位沙雕艺术
24、家，故C项错误。2Which of the following can best describe Wardleys sculpting?AEasy and amazing. BSpecial but difficult.CBoring and dangerous. DSimple but temporary.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段所描述的冰雕过程的艰难和倒数第二段第一句中的“but Wardleys smaller ice sculptures are special too”可知，B项“特别的但是艰难的”是杰米沃德利的冰雕的特点。3What do we know about th
25、e Snow Castle?AIt lies in the city of Bradford，the UK.BIt is too cold for people to live in.CIt requires to be built every year.DIt is built between January and April.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“Each year we rebuild it”可知选C项。4What does the author think of ice sculptures?AThey never melt in peoples hearts
26、.BIt takes time to understand them.CTheir beauty doesnt last forever.DThey add more beauty to Bradford.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But that does not mean that their beauty is lost.The sculptures from that day in Bradford have now melted away，but their message of goodwill，understanding and acceptance remains
27、.”可知，作者认为冰雕作品虽然会融化，但它们所传达的寓意将永存在人们心里。故选A项。BPopular culture often shows alcohol as a big part of the college experience in the United States.Television programs and movies about American college life have images of wild parties with young people either drinking alcohol or holding a drink.Now，a new st
28、udy of alcohol use suggests that some college students may be missing meals so they can have more drinks or get drunk faster.Researchers are calling this kind of behavior “drunkorexia”The study involved 1,184 college students between the ages of 18 and 26.Researchers found that 80 percent of those s
29、tudied had demonstrated some kind of drunkorexia in the past three months.They had performed heavy physical exercise，eaten low calorie meals or even missed meals for up to a full day before drinking alcohol.Dipali Rinker organized the study and presented its findings to the Research Society on Alcoh
30、olism in June.She says students see drunkorexia as a way to keep their body weight down while drinking alcohol.And it causes them to feel the effects of alcohol quickly and with more intensity(强度)Rinker says unhealthy eating habits are only one of the reasons why this type of behavior is dangerous.H
31、eavy drinking is linked to drunk driving，unprotected sex，and alcohol poisoning.George Koob，who directs a US.governmental agency that studies alcoholrelated problems，says that the percent of students using alcohol has not increased in recent years.But what worries him is that the number of students d
32、rinking to the point of “blacking out” has increased.Blacking out is when a person drinks so much alcohol they have no memory of their actions while drunk.Koob notes that college students in Canada and Europe also face issues with alcohol.But he feels a big part of the problem is that Americans do n
33、ot fully understand alcohols effects.Most people do not know the part of the brain where decisions are made is not fully developed until age 25 and that alcohol harms the development of that part of the brain，he adds.5What is the purpose of the behavior “drunkorexia”？ATo get drunk.BTo drink more alc
34、ohol.CTo take exercise.DTo lose weight.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“She says students see drunkorexia as a way to keep their body weight down while drinking alcohol.”可知选D。6What can heavy drinking result in?AUnhealthy eating habits.BDrunkorexia.CAlcohol poisoning.DQuick response.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段末句列出的过度饮酒所导致的结
35、果“Heavy drinking is linked to drunk driving，unprotected sex，and alcohol poisoning.”可知选C。7Which of the following is the result of blacking out?AMissing meals.BForgetting something one did.CHaving unprotected sex.DOperating a vehicle while drunk.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段末句“Blacking out is when a person drinks
36、so much alcohol they have no memory of their actions while drunk.”可知，blacking out的结果是忘记一个人所做的事。故选B。8By writing the passage，the writer aims to .Ashow heavy drinking and its harmBshow American college lifeCintroduce American cultureDexplain harmful behaviors答案A解析写作意图题。通读全文可看出，文章介绍了美国大学生过度饮酒的现象以及过度饮酒所造
37、成的伤害，故作者写本文是为了表明过度饮酒及其危害。故选A。.七选五PaintingThe art of creating pictures using colors，shapes and lines is called painting.Museums and galleries show the paintings of professional(专业的) artists.But painting is also a popular form of entertainment and creative expression. 1 Experienced painters usually us
38、e a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface.Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper.Very young children may use finger paints to create paintings.Painters can use their art to express devotion to a religion，to tell a story，to express feelings and ideas，or simply to pres
39、ent a pleasing picture.Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text (圣典)Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history，as well as scenes from daily life.Artists also paint portraits (画像)，or pictures of people. 2 All of these types of paintings show the hum
40、an figure in some way.Some kinds of paintings do not focus on people.In landscape (风景) painting the focus is on scenes from nature.Artists also paint still objects such as fruit and vegetables. 3 Some artists communicate their ideas through pictures that do not represent any object. 4 Paintings dati
41、ng back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. 5 Samples of painted pottery(陶器) from at least 5,000 years ago have been found in China and Iran.The ancient Egyptians decorated their temples with beautiful paintings.People in ancient Greece painted decorative objects
42、such as vases in addition to the walls of temples.AThese works are called stilllife paintings.BThese works can communicate a special feeling.CHumans have been making paintings for thousands of years.DPeople of all ages create pictures using a variety of materials.ECave paintings generally show animals that early humans hunted.FThe design of a painting is the plan of its lines，shapes and colors.GSometimes artists make portraits of themselves，which are called selfportraits.答案1.D2.G3.A4.C5.E