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1、UnitUnit 1 SCIENCE1 SCIENCE ANDAND SCIENTISTSSCIENTISTS素养导航晨读晚诵素养导航晨读晚诵FlorenceNightingaleToldUstoWashHandsAnewexhibitioncelebratesthelifeofFlorenceNightingale,anEnglishwomanwhoseideasaboutcleanlinessareimportanttothisday.TheexhibitcanbeseenattheFlorenceNightingaleMuseumatStThomasHospitalinLondon.It
2、marksthe200thanniversaryofNightingalesbirth.Theexhibittellsthestoryofhowsheovercamedifficultiestobecometheworldsmostfamousnurse.Theshowrecreatesherbedroom,letsvisitorsheararecordingofhervoiceandevensmelltheperfumeshewore.素养导航晨读晚诵FionaHibbertsisanursingconsultantandworksforthehospitalsNightingaleAcad
3、emy.ShedescribedNightingalesworkas“really,reallyimportant”tofuturegenerations.“Obviously,shewasaforcefulleader,”Hibbertssaid.“Andweneedclear,visible,strongleadershiptodayandcertainlyinmodernnursing.”Theexhibition,called“Nightingalein200Objects,People&Places,”willcontinueforayear.StThomasisoneofasmal
4、lnumberofhospitalsinBritainwithanareaforthetreatmentofcoronaviruspatients.素养导航晨读晚诵“Theemphasisonsanitation(卫生设备),goodhygiene(卫生),freshair,exercise,goodfood.nomatterhowmuchweadvance,thosefundamentalprinciplesofFlorencearestillverymuchthebasisofmodernnursing,”Hibbertsnoted.“Itsthesameoldmessage.Washyo
5、urhands.”Nightingalebecameworldfamousaftersheandasmallteamofmedicalworkerstraveledtomodern-dayIstanbulduringtheCrimeanWar.ItwasfoughtmainlyontheCrimeanPeninsulainthemiddleofthe1850s.素养导航晨读晚诵NightingalehelpedtreatBritishsoldierswoundedinthefighting.Inanuncleanhospital,shesawsthousandsofsoldiersdiefro
6、minfectiousdiseases.Theirdeathsledtoherdecisiontotrytoimproveconditions.Thelampsheusedwhenvisitingpatientsatnightisonshowattheexhibition,asisthenursesuniformshecreated.YvonneMooresisChairoftheFlorenceNightingaleFoundationandBritainsformernationalChiefNursingOfficer.“IfFlorenceNightingaleherselfwereh
7、ere,shewouldbesupportingallthatsbeingsaidatthemoment.Shewasabsolutelyintoinfectioncontrol,handwashing,beingveryobservant,”shesaid.素养导航晨读晚诵词海拾贝anniversaryn.周年纪念日recreatevt.再现perfumen.香水consultantn.顾问infectiousadj.传染的absolutelyadv.绝对地素养导航晨读晚诵典句欣赏IfFlorenceNightingaleherselfwerehere,shewouldbesupportin
8、gallthatsbeingsaidatthemoment.译文:如果弗洛伦斯南丁格尔本人在这里的话,她也会支持此刻所说的一切。分析:shewouldbesupportingall是主句,thatsbeingsaidatthemoment是定语从句,IfFlorenceNightingaleherselfwerehere是条件状语从句。素养导航晨读晚诵探究思辨1.WhendoyouthinkFlorenceNightingalewasborn?2.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutFlorenceNightingale?答案:1.Shewasbornin1820.2.Sheiskno
9、wnas“TheLadywiththeLamp”.Shewasapioneerofmodernnursing,awriterandanotedstatistician.SectionSection A AReadingReading andand ThinkingThinking.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.choleran.2.diarrhoean.3.dehydrationn.4.contradictoryadj.5.germn.6.pumpn.7.householdn.8.rawadj.9.pureadj.霍乱腹泻脱水相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的微生物;细菌;病菌泵;抽水机;打气筒一家人
10、;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的干净的;纯的;纯粹的10.statisticn.pl.11.epidemiologyn.12.adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的13.adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的14.vt.使感染;传染n.感染;传染15.vt.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)16.n.证据;证明;检验17.adj.数量多的;多种多样的18.vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象19.vt.把归咎于;责怪;指责n.责备;指责统计数字;统计资料;统计学流行病学severefrustratedinfectinfectionsubscrib
11、eproofmultiplesuspectblame20.n.把手;拉手;柄vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)21.n.介入;出面;干涉22.n.联系;纽带vt.把连接起来;相关联23.adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的24.n.减少;降低;减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低25.vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变26.n.显微镜handleinterventionlinksubstantialdecreasetransformmicroscope重点短语1.最终地;彻底地2.同意;赞同3.幸亏;由于4.水泵5.照料;照顾6.diefrom7.givebir
12、th8.ingeneral9.findout10.asaresultof.onceandforallsubscribetothankstowaterpumpattendto死于分娩一般来说查明由于重点句式1.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.2.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.阅读导学A.阅读P2P3课
13、文,根据事件发生的先后顺序排序。()JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.()AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.()JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.()Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.()JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.()KingCholerawasdefeated.()Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.()Heh
14、adthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.21537486B.根据P2P3课文内容,选择正确答案。1.WhydidJohnSnowbecomefrustrated?A.AnoutbreakofcholerahitEurope.B.Nobodyknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.C.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseases.D.HehadtoattendtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.2.HowdidJohnSnowdotheresearch?A.Byusingmaps
15、andstatistics.B.Bydrinkingthewaterhimself.C.Byquestioningthepatients.D.Byexperimentingwithhimself.答案:B答案:A3.Whyhadsomehouseholdshadnodeaths?A.Beerwasacureforthedisease.B.Theylivedfarawayfromthewaterpump.C.Theyhadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.D.Theyworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.4.HowdidJohnSnowstopt
16、hepeoplefromusingthewaterfromthepump?A.Bytellingpeoplethatthewaterwaspolluted.B.Byaskingwatercompaniestosellpurewater.C.Byremovingthehandleofthewaterpump.D.Bydrinkingmorefreebeer.答案:C答案:C重点词汇重点句式随堂练习1.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。【词汇精讲】subscribevt.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);同意;捐助Shesubscribes
17、toanenvironmentalactiongroup.她定期给一个环境行动小组交会费。Themagazineistryingtogetmorereaderstosubscribe.该杂志正大力发展更多新订户。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】subscribeto订阅subscribetotheview/theory同意观点/理论subscribefor预定;认购Howmanysharesdidyousubscribeforthenewcompany?你在这家新公司认购了多少股?Iplannedtosubscribetomanymagazines.我计划订阅许多杂志。重点词汇重点句式随堂
18、练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习2.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯诺怀疑水泵是元凶。【词汇精讲1】suspectvt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人Isuspectedthattherewassomethingwrongwiththeengine.我怀疑引擎出毛病了。Shesnotgoingtobeveryhappyaboutthis,Isuspect.我怀疑她会因为这个不高兴的。Policehaveissuedaphotographofthesuspect.警方已经发布了犯罪嫌疑人的照片。重点词汇重点句式随堂练
19、习【词汇拓展】suspectsb/sthof.怀疑某人/某事suspectsbofdoing.怀疑某人做Pilcherwassuspectedofgivingawaythecompanyssecretstoothers.皮尔彻涉嫌将公司的秘密泄露给他人。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇精讲2】blamevt.把归咎于;责怪;指责n.责备;指责Youshouldntblamethisaccidentonhim;afterallitsnotuptohimtomakethedecision.你不该把这次事故归咎于他,毕竟不是他一个人决定的。Youvefailedtodowhat
20、youwereexpectedtoandImafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.你没做成期望你做的事,我担心老师会责备你。YoucantexpectTerrytotakealltheblame.你不能指望特里承担所有的责任。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)blamesb/sthforsth因而责备某人/某物blamesthonsb把某事怪到某人头上(2)get/taketheblamefor.为承担责任lay/puttheblameonsb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某物(3)betoblame(for)应受指责Lotsofpeoplefindithardtoge
21、tupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.许多人发现早上起床很难,并把责任归咎于闹钟。Dontalwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfaretoblame.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。有时该怪的是你自己。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【温馨提示】betoblameforsth意为“应为某事负责或受指责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习3.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsotha
22、titcouldnotbeused.因此,他把水泵的把手取下来了,以便无法用水。【词汇精讲】handlen.把手;拉手;柄vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)Themangavemeaknifewithacarvedwoodenhandle.那人给了我一把有雕刻木柄的刀。Thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.有几种方法可以处理事情。Computerscanhandlehugeamountsofdata.电脑可以处理大量的数据。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习4.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetw
23、eenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外,斯诺后来能够表明其他霍乱病例和伦敦不同的自来水公司之间的联系。【词汇精讲】linkn.联系;纽带vt.把连接起来;相关联Tounderstandthisconcept,welookatthelinkbetweenlawandethics.要理解这一概念,我们先看一下法律和伦理之间的联系。Thecrowdlinkedarmstoformabarrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】linkup(with)连接;结合link.with/to.把
24、与连接;联系Theheartsofthepeopleofallthenationalitiesarelinkedtoeachother.我国各族人民心连心。Ishethemanwhohaddifferentsectionsofthewallslinkedup?是不是他让人把城墙各个部分连接起来的?重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习5.ThroughSnowstirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.通过
25、斯诺的不懈努力,自来水公司开始销售清洁用水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅减少。【词汇精讲】decreasen.减少;降低;减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低Therehasbeenasteadydecreaseoftemperature.温度在稳步下降。Duetothestricttrafficregulationsondrunkdriving,thenumberofaccidentsfromithasgreatlydecreased.由于对酒后驾驶的严格的交通法规,酒后驾驶导致的事故的数量大大减少了。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习Wehavedecreasedourinvolveme
26、ntinchildrensbooks.我们减少了对儿童读物的参与。【词汇拓展】decreaseto减少到decreaseby减少了onthedecrease在减少Averagehousepricesdecreasedby13%lastyear.去年房子的平均价格下降了13%。Thenumberofstudentsgoingabroadforfurtherstudyisonthedecreasenowadays.当下去国外继续深造的学生数量在不断减少。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习6.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thanks
27、totheworkofJohnSnow.幸运的是,由于约翰斯诺的工作,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。【词汇精讲】thanksto幸亏;由于Thankstoyourhardwork,wecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.多亏了你的努力工作,我们能提前完成任务。Thankstomodernscienceandtechnology,peopleleadamoreandmorecomfortableandrichlife.多亏了现代科技,人们的生活越来越舒适、越来越富裕。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】表示“因为;由于”的短语dueto由于;因为becauseof由于;
28、因为onaccountof由于owingto由于;因为asaresultof由于的结果重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习7.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。【词汇精讲】transformvt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变Itwasaneventthatwouldtransformmylife.那是能够改变我生活的一件事。Afreshcoatofpaintcantransformaroombeyondrecognition.新涂的一层油漆可以使房间焕然一新。重点词
29、汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】transform.into.使变成transform.from.into.把从变成Itisasurprisethatthecityhasbeentransformedfromasmalltownintoamodernindustrialcenterinrecenttenyears.真令人惊奇,在近十年中这个城市由一个小乡镇转变成了一个现代化的工业中心。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习1.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliver
30、edtoherhouseeveryday.这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵的水,所以她每天都让人把水送到她家。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。Itseemed是主句,thatthewomanliked.是表语从句,so.that.引导的是结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,haditdelivered是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,由于it和deliver有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。ThereissomethingwrongwithmywatchandImusthaveitrepaired.我的表坏了,我必须找人修理一下。Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.我昨天理发
31、了。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【句式拓展】“have+宾语+过去分词形式”的用法(1)表示请(让)别人做某事CanIhavethisparcelweighedhere?我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?(2)表示经历或遭遇了某事Hehadhisfingercutthismorning.今天早晨他把手指割破了。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习(3)表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事Ihavehadallmymistakescorrected.我把所有的错误都改正了。(4)表示容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句,尤其与wont,cant等连用)。Wewonthaveanythingsaidagainsttheteache
32、r.我们不允许有人这样攻击老师。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习2.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。句中两个who引导的是定语从句,分别修饰thepeople和those。belikelytodo意为“可能做”。Thepriceislikelytogodownbecauseofthecompetition.由于竞争,价格可能会下降。Youarelikel
33、ytosufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.如果继续吸烟,你的身体健康会受到损害。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【句式拓展】(1)Itslikelythat.很可能(2)unlikelyadj.不大可能发生的beunlikelyto.不可能Itislikelythattheycanunderstandusbetterandgiveussomereasonableadvice.他们很可能更理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。Itsmostunlikelythatshellarrivebeforeseven.她极不可能在七点前到达。【温馨提示】英语中有“Itislikely
34、that.”和“sb/sthbelikelytodosth”的用法,但没有“Itislikelyforsb/sthtodosth”的用法。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习.课文语法填空JohnSnow,awell-knowndoctorinLondon,becameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho(expose)tocholera,adeadlydiseaseofitsday.(thousand)ofpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreaknoonekn
35、ewthecauseofit,whichmadeJohnSnowfrustrated.Johnneverlosthisdesire_(defeat)cholera.wereexposedThousandsbuttodefeat重点词汇重点句式随堂练习Hegotinterestedintwotheories(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelievedinthesecondtheorythatsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854,anotheroutbreakhitLondon,
36、hewasreadytotestthetwo(theory).Withthehelpofthemaphemade,hegota(value)clueaboutthecauseofthedisease.Finally,hewasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas(blame).ThankstotheworkofJohnSnow,thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldgreatlydecreased.Moreover,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseasesbyusingmapsandstatisti
37、cs.thisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.explainingwhentheoriesvaluabletoblameFor重点词汇重点句式随堂练习.概要写作根据课本P2P3内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。参考范文:JohnSnow,whoisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology,weredeterminedtodefeatcholerawhichwasoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworldinthe19thcentury.(要点1)WhencholerabrokeoutinLondonin1854,hefoundoutthecauseofthediseasebyusingmapsandstatistics.(要点2)Thankstohiseffort,thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldgreatlydecreased.(要点3)