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1、UNIT 3SPORTS AND FITNESSSection Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析单元语法精析夯基提能作业夯基提能作业单元语法精析单元语法精析语法点拨附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，它表示提问人对自己的看法没有把握，需要对方证实。1附加疑问句的组成附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分(主语一般用人称代词主格)是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。附加疑问句(1)肯定式陈述部分否定式疑问部分She was ill yesterday,wasnt she?她昨天病了，不是吗？如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀un，in，i
2、m，dis或后缀less，该陈述部分当作肯定句处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。Tom dislikes the book,doesnt he?汤姆不喜欢那本书，不是吗？(2)否定式陈述部分肯定式疑问部分He cant ride a bike,can he?他不会骑自行车，是吗？陈述部分有no，nothing，nobody，never，few，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等否定或半否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定式。He can hardly write his name,can he?他几乎不会写他的名字，是吗？完成下列附加疑问句Theres hardly any
3、milk in the bottle,_?解析：陈述部分有否定词hardly，故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。He has never ridden a horse before,_?解析：陈述部分有否定词never，故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。He seldom came here,_?解析：陈述部分有否定词seldom，故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。is therehas hedid heHe disagrees with his parents,_?解析：陈述部分的否定词disagrees带有否定前缀dis，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分仍用否定形式。These tools are use
4、less now,_?解析：陈述部分的否定词useless带有否定后缀less，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分仍用否定形式。Youve never visited the Great Wall,_?解析：陈述部分有否定词never，故后面的疑问句应用肯定形式。doesnt hearent theyhave you2附加疑问句的回答(1)当陈述句部分是肯定结构，附加疑问句部分用否定式提问时，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。He likes playing football,doesnt he?他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？Yes，he does./No，he doesnt.是
5、的，他喜欢。/不是，他不喜欢。(2)当陈述句部分是否定结构，附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。His sister didnt attend the meeting,did she?他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？Yes，she did./No，she didnt.不，她参加了。/是的，她没参加。不存在Yes，she didnt.和No,she did.的说法。根据句意补全句子Youve never seen dinosaur eggs,have you?_.How I wish to visit the Dinosa
6、ur World.解析：根据How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.“我多么希望参观恐龙世界”可知没有看过恐龙蛋，故应该用“No,I havent.”来回答，意为“是的，我没有看过”。No,I haventThey dont work hard,do they?_.They are the most hardworking students in our class.解析：根据They are the most hardworking students in our class.可知他们学习最努力，故应该用“Yes,they do.”来回答，意为“不，他们
7、很努力”。Yes,they do3主语的选择陈述部分主语和附加问句主语在人称和数量上保持一致的几种情况：陈述部分主语附加问句主语例句one(泛指人)one/he/youOne cant be too careful,can one/he/you?一个人要再三小心，对吗？this，that，非谓语形式itThat isnt correct,is it?那不对，是吗？Seeing is believing,isnt it?眼见为实，不是吗？陈述部分主语附加问句主语例句these，thosetheyThese are your friends,arent they?这些是你的朋友，不是吗？every
8、thing，anything，something，nothingitNothing happened to him,did it?他没出什么事，是吗？Everything seems all right now,doesnt it?现在一切似乎都很好，不是吗？everyone(body)，anyone(body)，someone(body)，no one(nobody)he/theyNobody likes to be laughed at,does he/do they?没有人喜欢被嘲笑，是吗？陈述部分主语附加问句主语例句there bethereTheres no help for it,
9、is there?没有办法了，是吗？主语由neither.nor.或both.and.连接复数Neither you nor I am wrong,are we?你我都没错，是吗？Both you and he are doctors,arent you?你和他都是医生，不是吗？完成下列附加疑问句There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended,_?解析：因为陈述部分是肯定形式，所以反意疑问部分用否定形式。陈述句为there be结构，附加疑问句中相当于主语部分也用there。No on
10、e failed in the last examination,_?解析：因为陈述句的主语是no one，附加疑问句中的主语用they或he。wasnt theredid they/heEverything is ready,_?解析：陈述句的主语是everything，附加疑问句中的主语应用it。Everyone knows the answer,_?解析：陈述句的主语是everyone，附加疑问句中的主语应用they或he。Somebody phoned you while I was out,_?解析：陈述句的主语是somebody，附加疑问句中的主语应用they或he。isnt it
11、dont they/doesnt hedidnt they/heSomething has been done to stop pollution,_?解析：陈述句的主语是something，附加疑问句中的主语应用it。This is very important for students,_?解析：陈述句的主语是this，附加疑问句中的主语应用it。Those are your books,_?解析：陈述句的主语是those，附加疑问句中的主语应用they。Collecting stamps is his hobby,_?解析：陈述句的主语是动名词短语Collecting stamps，附加
12、疑问句中的主语应用it。hasnt itisnt itarent theyisnt itTo become a great writer is his dream,_?解析：陈述句的主语是动词不定式短语To become a great writer，附加疑问句中的主语应用it。Neither you nor he is good at maths,_?解析：陈述句的主语由neither.nor.连接，附加疑问句中的主语应用复数形式。isnt itare you4谓语的选择(1)陈述部分谓语为have表示“拥有”，附加问句谓语用have或do均可。They have a house in to
13、wn,havent they/dont they?他们在城里有房子，不是吗？不表示“拥有”，用do。We have to get there at eight,dont we?我们必须八点到那里，对吗？构成完成时，用have。He has had his hair cut,hasnt he?他理发了，是吗？(2)陈述部分谓语为used to，附加问句谓语用usednt或didnt。The old man used to smoke,didnt/usednt he?那个老人以前抽烟，不是吗？(3)陈述部分谓语为must表示“必须”，附加问句谓语用mustnt或neednt。I must answ
14、er the call,mustnt/neednt I?我必须接电话，不是吗？表示“推测”，陈述部分谓语为must be/do，附加问句谓语用be/do的一般现在时；陈述部分谓语为must have done，有确定的表示过去的时间状语，附加问句谓语用didnt；没有确定的表示过去的时间状语，附加问句谓语用havent/hasnt。He must be a doctor,isnt he?他一定是一个医生，不是吗？He must go to the library，doesnt he?他一定去图书馆了，不是吗？He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he
15、?他昨天一定完成了，不是吗？You must have studied English for three years,havent you?你一定学了三年英语，不是吗？(4)陈述部分谓语为cant，表示“不可能”，附加问句谓语同must表推测的用法。He cant be a lawyer,is he?他不可能是律师，是吗？He cant have done the work yesterday,did he?他昨天不可能完成这项工作，是吗？He cant have done the homework,has he?他不可能做作业，是吗？(5)陈述部分谓语为dare/need作情态动词，附加问
16、句谓语分别用dare和need。We need not do it again,need we?我们不需要再做了，是吗？He dare not say so,dare he?他不敢这么说，是吗？作实义动词，附加问句谓语用do的形式。She doesnt dare to go home alone,does she?她不敢一个人回家，是吗？(6)陈述部分谓语为wish，附加问句谓语为may。I wish to go home,may I?我想回家，可以吗？(7)陈述部分谓语为am，附加问句谓语为arent。Im fond of music,arent I?我喜欢音乐，不是吗？完成下列附加疑问句Y
17、ou must work hard next term,_?解析：陈述句的must表示“必须”，附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用mustnt或neednt。You must have made a mistake,_?解析：陈述句的must表示“推测”，没有确切的表示过去的时间状语，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用havent。mustnt/neednt youhavent youThey must have seen the film last week,_?解析：陈述句的must表示“推测”，有确切的表示过去的时间状语，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用didnt。He must be in the li
18、brary,_?解析：陈述句的must表示“推测”，谓语为must be，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用isnt。We need not go to school,_?解析：陈述句的need是情态动词，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用need。didnt theyisnt heneed weHe doesnt dare to face the challenge,_?解析：陈述句的dare是实义动词，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用does。They have no time to visit the museum,_?解析：陈述句的have是“有”的意思，且陈述句中有否定词no，故附加疑问句中的谓语动
19、词应用do或have。You dare not do that,_?解析：陈述句中dare是情态动词，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用dare。does hedo/have theydare youHe used to get up at 630,_?解析：陈述句的谓语为used to，附加疑问句中的谓语动词可用didnt或usednt。They need our help badly at the moment,_?解析：陈述句的need是实义动词，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用dont。I wish to visit America one day,_?解析：陈述句的谓语是wish，故附加疑问句
20、中的谓语动词应用may。didnt/usednt hedont theymay II am very interested in Mark Twains novels,_?解析：陈述句的谓语是am，附加疑问句中应用arent。You must be hungry,_?解析：陈述句的must表示“推测”，谓语为must be，故附加句中的谓语动词应用arent。Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned,_?解析：陈述句的have是实义动词，意思是“让”，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用didnt。arent Iarent youdidnt s
21、heThe teacher had a talk with you,_?解析：陈述句的have是实义动词，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用didnt。He cant have cleaned the room,_?解析：陈述句的cant表示“推测”，没有确切的表示过去的时间状语，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用has。He cant have cleaned the room last night,_?解析：陈述句的cant表示“推测”，有确切的表示过去的时间状语last night，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应用did。didnt he/shehas hedid he5特殊句式的附加疑问句(1)并列句
22、的附加疑问句的谓语遵循就近原则。We must study hard or we cant pass the exam,can we?我们必须努力学习，否则我们不能通过考试，对吗？(2)宾语从句主句主语是第一人称，且含有think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine等，疑问部分的主语和动词形式和从句一致。We believe she can do it better,cant she?我们相信她能做得更好，不是吗？I dont think he is bright,is he?我觉得他不聪明，是吗？(否定前移，疑问部分用肯定)主句主语是第二、三人称，疑问部
23、分的主语和动词形式跟主句一致。He said that he would like to visit the Great Wall,didnt he?他说他想参观长城，不是吗？(3)祈使句肯定祈使句，附加疑问句通常用will/wont you；否定祈使句，用will you。Take a rest,will/wont you?休息一下，好吗？Dont open the door,will you?别开门，好吗？Lets引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用shall we。Lets go to the park,shall we?我们去公园，好吗？Let us引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用will you。L
24、et us have a look,will you?让我们看看，好吗？Let me引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用will you或may I。Let me have a rest,may I/will you?让我休息一下，好吗？(4)感叹句附加疑问句的谓语用be动词的一般现在时的否定式。What a lucky day,isnt it?多幸运的一天啊，不是吗？完成下列附加疑问句She says that I did it，_?解析：含有宾语从句的主句的主语是第三人称，附加疑问句的主谓跟主句的主谓一致。故用doesnt she。I guess she taught herself Japanes
25、e，_?解析：含有宾语从句的主句的主语是第一人称，句中含有guess，附加疑问句的主谓跟宾语从句的主谓一致。故用didnt she。doesnt shedidnt sheIts my sons wedding next week,and I have to do my best for that，_?解析：并列句的附加疑问句的谓语采取就近原则。故用dont I。Tom has been writing letters all afternoon,and he has finished them by now，_?解析：并列句的附加疑问句的谓语采取就近原则。故用hasnt he。Lets hav
26、e a basketball match this afternoon，_?解析：祈使句Lets.的附加疑问句用shall we。dont Ihasnt heshall weLet us go out for a rest，_?解析：祈使句Let us.的附加疑问句用will you。Dont forget to give Polly some food and change her water，_?解析：否定祈使句的附加疑问句用will you。Tell me how to operate the electronic computer，_?解析：肯定祈使句的附加疑问句用will you或w
27、ont you。What beautiful flowers，_?解析：感叹句的附加疑问句用be动词的一般现在时的否定形式。will youwill youwill/wont youarent they专项练习完成下列附加疑问句1Youd rather watch TV this evening，_?2I suppose youre not going today，_?3I wish to shake hands with you，_?4Three hours ought to be enough time，_?5They have to study a lot，_?wouldnt youar
28、e youmay Ishouldnt/oughtnt itdont they6 When the car crashed，your brother escaped being hurt，_?7Im sure dirty，_?8You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post.I dont think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it，_you?9Thats the sort of the book you want，_?10All these diction
29、aries are a great help to you，_?didnt hearent Ididisnt itarent they11 The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting，_?12Tom has been writing letters all afternoon，but he should finish them now，_?13Nobody was absent from the meeting，_?14There appeared to be no better way，_?15Everything seems
30、all right，_?wasnt itshouldnt hewere theydidnt theredoesnt it完成句子1Im as tall as your sister,arent I?_(是的，你和她一样高。)2Tom made no answer,did he?_(是的，他没回答。)3He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he?_(是的，他应该知道。)4Everything is ready,isnt it?_(不，还没准备好。)Yes，you are.No,he didnt.Yes,he ought to.No,it isnt.5The 29
31、th Olympic Games were held in Beijing,werent they?_(是的，是在北京。)6Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college,didnt he?_(不，他不是。)He first played in a team in senior high school.7David has been to a boxing match,hasnt he?_(不，他没去过。)He always watches boxing on TV.8You cant cook,can you?_(不，我会。)Im g
32、ood at cooking.Yes,they were.No,he didnt.No,he hasnt.Yes,I can.结合附加疑问句的用法补全对话Dave：There is something wrong,1._?Mike：2._.My car is having some problems.Dave：You want me to take a look,3._?Mike：4._，thank you.I think I can handle it.isnt thereYesdont youNoDave：Well,if you change your mind,let me know,5._ _?Mike：6._，I will.Thanks.I might need some tools,though.You know where I can get some,7._?Dave：Sure.I have all kinds of tools.Just ask.Ill be happy to get them for you.Mike：Thanks.That would be very helpful.will you/wont you Yesdont you