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1、Additive Manufacturing Technology3D打印技术与原理打印技术与原理（双语）（双语）1Lecture 01 An introductionArrangement for this AM courseWhats AM?Advantages over traditional processesTerms and ClassificationApplication fieldsCourse targetsAcquiring the AM fundamental theory,knowledge and skill,thus to bring up the student
2、s interdisciplinary innovative thinking ability;Understanding the material processing procedures of different AM techniques,being able to operate corresponding AM instruments and being informed of the cutting-edge AM applications in industries;Guiding the students to solve real industrial problems u
3、sing the learned AM technologies by small research projects;Letting the students understand the impact of AM technologies on manufacturing industry and human daily life by professional knowledge learning,therefore leading the students be aware of social services.Course ContentChapterChapterContentCo
4、ntentHoursHours1Introduction to additive manufacturing32Pre-processing and modeling of additive manufacturing43Selective curing of photosensitive materials44Selective laser sintering technology45Fused deposition modeling technology46Laminated Object Manufacturing technology27Selective laser melting
5、technology48Seminar and discussion of 3D printing 29Post-processing、Selection guidelines of 3D printing 3 10 Applications of 3D printing2Learning by Doing32 hours lecture including discussionsHomeworkAcademic creditsHomework report(10%)Project Presentation(30%)Oral examination(60%)Learning skillsAcq
6、uiring the AM fundamental theory,and firmly establish the principle-material-equipment main lineMaster some representative figures in the field of 3D printingMaster and understand the uniqueness of each type of 3D printingCourse arrangementCourse arrangementTeam working(Project Presentation)Homework
7、s&Project research4-5 students working togetherWrite report,perpare PPT and give the presentationDesign and structural optimization of a partFor each group,answer one questions.Please make groups after this lecture!Project Research01.Using AM process and equipment to solve an industrial problem采用增材制
8、造技采用增材制造技术术解决工程解决工程实实际问际问题题，包，包括括问题问题提提 出、分析、出、分析、解决方案、解决方案、实实施施、评评估估等等环节环节内容内容Interactive classroom01.Each group will prepare an oral presentation tointroduce the results of Homework 0102.Each group will prepare an report and oral presentation for Project ResearchCourse arrangementChapter 1Whats Ad
9、ditive Manufacturing or 3D printing?How to fabricate the following parts?How is a part fabricated?Mass change during the fabrication process:M0 Material removalCuttingM0 Material formingWeldingM0 Material additiveAdditive manufacturingSubtractive manufacturing减材制造Additive manufacturing增材制造增材制造Format
10、ive manufacturing成形制造成形制造What is additive manufacturing?Key:A layer-by-layer processlAdditive manufacturing(Referred to in short as AM),also known as 3D printing,is a process in which a three-dimensional object is built from a computer-aided design(CAD)model,usually by successively adding materials
11、in a layer-by-layer fashion.What are the effects?11How is additive manufacturing work?Basic procedure of additive manufacturing前处理-分层堆积-后处理Step 1:CADStep 2:Conversion to STLStep 3:STL model slicingStep 4:toolpath and G-code generationStep 5:machine setup and build Step 6:removal of printed objects S
12、tep 7:post-processing Step 8:application 整体离散整体（离散-堆积思想）Why Use the Term Additive Manufacturing?lMaterial Increase ManufacturinglSolid Free-form FabricationlStereolithographyl3D PrintinglRapid PrototypinglLayered Manufacturing 3D printingIn generalAll the additivemanufacturing methods Narrow senseA
13、printer-like additive manufacturing process or equipmentBinder spraying or suspension injectingAdditive ManufacturingProcess of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data,usually layer upon layerThe Benefits of AM lRevolutionizing product development and manufacturinglChanging the way we d
14、esign products and set up new businessesThe Benefits of AM 3D printing(yyds)Rapid:WYSIWYG Seamlessness in terms of the reduction in process steps:Regardless of the complexity of parts Reduced the number of processes and resources:remove or at least simplify many of these multistage processes.The Ben
15、efits of AM What are the advantages of AM process over traditional ones?设计焊接铸造锻压毛坯(大于工件)焊接焊接半成品半成品工件去除式切削加工（a）传统制造设计分层叠加式增材制造样品工件模具小批量生产（b）增材制造Distinction Between AM and CNC MachininglMaterialslSpeedlComplexitylAccuracylGeometrylProgrammingCategories of additive manufacturing ASTM new standard 2012M
16、aterials covered:Plastics(FDM,SLS,SL)Metals(EBM,SLS,Lens)Ceramics(3DP,SLS)CompositesMulti-materialsOthersState of materials:LiquidSL,3DPPasteFDMPowderEBM,SLS,Lens,3DPFilamentFDMSheets or tapesLOMCategories of additive manufacturing 第第2类：类：金属增材制造金属增材制造：1977(1977(1992)1992)年开始年开始用途用途：装备关键金属零部件的直接制造与升级
17、再制造：装备关键金属零部件的直接制造与升级再制造 第第1 1类：非金属类：非金属增材制造：增材制造：19841984年提出，年提出，RP/RPMRP/RPM新产品开发新产品开发(间接制造间接制造););产品定制化；生产离散化产品定制化；生产离散化According to the types of printing materials:第第3 3类：生物组织类：生物组织增材制造增材制造：20032003年开始年开始用途用途：人体组织及器官的体外：人体组织及器官的体外/体内体内“培养培养”21 第第1类：非金属类：非金属增材制造：增材制造：1984年提出，年提出，RP/RPM新产品开发新产品开发(
18、间接制造间接制造);产品定制化；生产离散化产品定制化；生产离散化工艺名称工艺名称原材料原材料增材方式增材方式光敏树脂固化：光敏树脂固化：SLA液体树脂液体树脂光固化光固化叠层实体制造：叠层实体制造：LOM纸纸/塑料膜塑料膜粘结粘结熔丝挤出造型：熔丝挤出造型：FDM树脂丝树脂丝粘结粘结粉床激光烧结粉床激光烧结：SLS粉末粉末烧结烧结粉床粉床3D打印打印：3DP粉末粉末粘结粘结五种基本方法五种基本方法 22According to the types of printing materials:高能束高能束零件零件尺寸小尺寸小 600mm600mm、效率低、效率低 100g/h100g/h、成本高
19、、成本高粉床粉床(铺粉铺粉)选区熔化选区熔化SLM/SEBMSLM/SEBM：小小型复杂构件型复杂构件 第第2类：类：金属增材制造金属增材制造：1977(1977(1992)1992)年开始年开始用途用途：装备关键金属零部件的直接制造与升级再制造：装备关键金属零部件的直接制造与升级再制造 23According to the types of printing materials:24粉末零件数模少量加工最终零件零件精坯激光熔化沉积激光熔化沉积“增材制造增材制造”送粉送粉/丝金属增材制造，大型承力构件丝金属增材制造，大型承力构件1992年开始，激光年开始，激光/电子束电子束/电弧电弧激光束高性
20、能材料制备与复杂零件高性能材料制备与复杂零件“近净成形近净成形”一体化一体化非平衡材料非平衡材料、多材料复合多材料复合、梯度材料高性能构件梯度材料高性能构件无需大型锻造装备及锻压模具无需大型锻造装备及锻压模具材料利用率高、加工时间短材料利用率高、加工时间短、成本低、周期短成本低、周期短“超常超常”快速反应能力、高柔性，快速修复快速反应能力、高柔性，快速修复材材料料技技术术制制造造技技术术高性能大型复杂整体构件制造技术发展方向高性能大型复杂整体构件制造技术发展方向 24According to the types of printing materials:25第第3 3类：生物：生物组织及人体
21、器官增材制造及人体器官增材制造用途用途：人体硬：人体硬/软组织或器官体内或体外软组织或器官体内或体外“培养培养”（3D3D打印生物可降解多孔支架打印生物可降解多孔支架+活性细胞活性细胞 或细胞直接打印后或细胞直接打印后进行进行“体外或体内培养体外或体内培养”）20032003年开始，年开始，25According to the types of printing materials:Terms evolutionMaterial Accumulating ManufacturingRapid Prototyping,RP快速原型快速原型Layered ManufacturingRapid Pr
22、ototyping&Manufacturing,RP&M 快速原型与制造快速原型与制造Solid Free-formFabrication,SFF1990s2000s2010sAdditive Manufacturing,AM 增材制造增材制造3D printing,3DP3D 打印打印Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology 28电子束熔丝电子束熔丝沉积成形：沉积成形：北京北京625所所1990199520002003电子束选区电子束选区熔化成形：熔化成形：清华大学清华大学北京北京625625所所20072007西北有色院西北有色院20
23、112011中科院金属所中科院金属所20112011快速原型：快速原型：清华大学清华大学西安交大西安交大华中科大华中科大中北大学中北大学北京北京625625所所北京隆源公司北京隆源公司2003金属激光成形：金属激光成形：西工大西工大北京有色院北京有色院北京北京625625所所华中科大华中科大华南理工华南理工北京殷华公司北京殷华公司2011大型结构大型结构激光成形：激光成形：北航北航西工大西工大北京北京625625所所2006激光成形大激光成形大型航空钛合型航空钛合金结构装机金结构装机应用：应用：北京航空航北京航空航天大学天大学电子束熔丝电子束熔丝沉积成形沉积成形钛合金结构钛合金结构及激光选区及
24、激光选区熔化成形精熔化成形精密结构装机密结构装机应用应用 北京北京625625所所 34Additive Manufacturing Technology in China编号号单位位代表代表人物人物专业工工艺产品品国家国家认可可1北航北航王王华明明铸造造材料材料激光激光熔融熔融 航空部件航空部件 国家技国家技术发明明奖一等一等奖2华中中科大科大 史玉升史玉升材料材料激光激光烧结 航空部件、航空部件、汽汽车部件、部件、骨骼、牙骨骼、牙齿 国家技国家技术发明明奖二等二等奖3西北西北工大工大 黄黄卫东铸造造激光激光熔融熔融 航空部件航空部件C919应用用4清清华颜永年永年机械机械容容积成型成型 塑
25、料塑料5西安西安交大交大卢秉恒秉恒机械机械 光固光固化化 树脂、骨骼、脂、骨骼、芯片芯片院士院士 35Additive Manufacturing Technology in Chinal2013年4月16日,科技部公布国家高技术研究发展计划 863计划，备受关注的增材制造（3D 打印）产业首次入选。该指南聚焦航空航天、模具领域的需求，突破增材制造（3D 打印）技术中的核心关键技术，研制重点装备产品，并在相关领域开展验证，初步具备开展全面推广应用的技术、装备和产业化条件。l2015年2月，工信部正式发布国家增材制造产业发展推进计划（20152016年）。该计划提出到2016年，初步建立较为完善
26、的增材制造产业体系，整体技术水平保持与国际同步，在航空航天等直接制造领域达到国际先进水平，在国际市场上占有较大的市场份额。36Additive Manufacturing Technology in Chinal“中国制造 2025”:“中国版的“工业 4.0”规划，于2015年5月8日公布。规划提出了中国制造强国建设三个十年的“三步走”战略，是第一个十年的行动纲领。“中国制造 2025”要实施五大工程：智能制造工程、制造业创新建设工程、工业强基工程、绿色制造工程、高端装备创新工程。其中，最核心的是实施智能制造工程。未来 3D 打印将成为“中国制造 2025”发展的一个支柱产业，3D 打印技术
27、只有跟传统制造业结合起来，才能推动制造业的转型和发展。l国家“十三五”相关规划:大力推进先进半导体、机器人、增材制造、智能系统、新一代航空装备、空间技术综合服务系统、智能交通、精准医疗、高效储能与分布式能源系统、智能材料、高效节能环保、虚拟现实与互动影视等新兴前沿领域创新和产业化，形成一批新增长点，被确定为新的国家目标。38Additive Manufacturing Technology in Chinau我国3D打印从1988年发展至今，呈现出不断深化、不断扩大应用的态势。2015-2017年的3年间，中国3D打印产业规模实现了翻倍增长，年均增速超过25%。u我国增材制造装备还非常依赖进口
28、。a)2018年中国3D打印设备数量所属品牌占比情况（单位，%）;b)2013-2018年中国3D打印产业规模及增速（单位：亿美元，%）a)b)39Additive Manufacturing Technology in China 40Additive Manufacturing StandardsWhat are the AM technologies used for?Additive Manufacturing TechnologyIf a picture is worth a thousand word,then surely a physical model is worth a
29、thousand picturesPrototypes Architectural modelsApplicationsAdditive Manufacturing TechnologyApplicationsAdditive Manufacturing Technology23ApplicationsPrototypes Movie figuresAdditive Manufacturing TechnologyApplicationsPrototypes Industrial designAdditive Manufacturing Technology25Prototypes Indus
30、trial designApplicationsAdditive Manufacturing Technology27ApplicationsPrototypesArtworksPersonalizationAdditive Manufacturing TechnologyApplicationsToolingIndirectSilicone rubber toolingApplicationsTooling DirectAdditive Manufacturing Technology42Applications Tooling for Metal castingSand moldInves
31、tment castingAdditive Manufacturing Technology43ApplicationsDirectly used parts PlasticsAdditive Manufacturing Technology4432Small batch complex parts are designed and 3D printed,that may only be used for a single eventMusic Industry3D Printed Guitars3D Printed“Exoskeleton”Wilmington Robotic Exoskel
32、etonStandard=Metal Frame FDM Frame/ABS LighterAllows Continual Improvements To DesignNemours/Alfred I.duPont Hospital for ChildrenWilmington,DE USAApplicationsDirectly used parts Metal for medicalAdditive Manufacturing Technology48Directly used parts Metal for aerospaceApplicationsAdditive Manufactu
33、ring Technology49The 3D-printed nozzles are five times more durable than the previous model.Directly used parts Metal for aerospaceApplicationsAdditive Manufacturing Technology39Made in SpaceApplications for aerospaceApplications for aerospaceAdditive Manufacturing TechnologyMade in SpaceSpiderFabLarge-scale truss 40The Future of Additive Manufacturing 41How might the future of AM look?The ability to“grow”parts may form the core to the answer to that question.EndAdditive Manufacturing TechnologyThanks for your attention！