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1、优点英语第03讲 非限制性定语从句&必修第二册Unit1-Unit3知识回顾 目录 温习知识：温习知识(词汇，易错考点) 语法导航：温习语法知识 写作导航：温习重点写作小试牛刀：核心单词语法填空+能力提升 Unit 1 Cultural Heritageformer adj. 以前的；（两者中）前者的 n. 前者the former.; the latter. 前者.；后者.preserve (1)vt.保存;保护;维持 preserve . from. 保护.免受. preserve sth. for. 为.而保存某物(2) n.保护区 nature preserve 自然保护区 well-
2、preserved adj.保存良好的(3) preservation n.保存,保留promote vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级promote sb. (from sth.) to sth. 把某人（从某职位）提升到某职位promotion n. 提升；晋级；促进 get/win promotion 获得晋级application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)(1) apply vt.涂,敷;应用,运用;(后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事(+to)vi.申请;应用,使用;适用apply for 申请,请求 apply (to sb) for. (向某人)申请appl
3、y oneself to 专心致志于 apply.to. 把运用到中去;将涂抹到上面(2) applicant n.申请人(3) applied adj.应用的;实用的 applied science应用科学balance n. 平衡；均匀v. 使平衡balance between . and. 平衡.与. keep/ lose ones balance 保持/失去平衡balanced adj.平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持一个健康的饮食keep a balance between. and. 保持.与.的平衡 keep the balance of nature 保持
4、生态平衡limit vt.限制;限定, n.限度,限制limited adj.有限的 limitation n.限度；局限limit. to. 把.限制到. be limited to 局限于.contribution n.捐款；贡献；捐赠make a contribution/ contributions to 对.做出贡献contribute vi.&vt. 捐献；捐助 contribute sth to. 把某物捐献给. contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿 worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的（1）Its worthwhile to do/doing s
5、th. 做是值得的（2）worth adj.& n. 值的;价值 be worth +some money 值多少钱be (well) worth doing (非常)值得被做(主动形式表被动意义) of being done（3）worthy adj.值得的 be worthy to be done 值得 of +n.contrast n.对比;对照vt.对比;对照by contrast 相比之下；相反 in contrast (to/with) 与相比较 contrast to 对比；对照单词变形练习.1. Im sorry to tell you that the entrance _t
6、he museum was closed for renovations(维修).2. Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are_(tradition) performed during the Spring Festival.3. We could do nothing but wait for_(far)information, though it is not what we wish to do.4. If you _(comparison) this book with that one, you will find this one much more int
7、eresting.5. wasnt worthwhile to continue the project.6. He was awarded a prize for his(contribute) to world peace.7. Martins idea was to create some interesting (image) and then move on to another subject.8. Everyone is (limit) in his energy, so we cannot do everything all by ourselves.9. The (histo
8、ry) building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings. 10. With the development of science and technology, many of todays medical images are processed _ (digital).1. to 2. traditionally 3. further 4. compare 5.It 6. contribution7. images8. limited9. historic10. digitallyUnit 2 Wildlife Prote
9、ctiondie out 灭亡;逐渐消失die away 逐渐模糊;逐渐消失;逐渐减弱die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐暗淡;逐渐平息die off 相继死去;先后死die of/from 死于aware adj.知道;发觉;有意识的be aware of 意识到;知道be aware that.意识到awareness n.知道;意识;认识;兴趣 unaware adj.没意识到;未察觉;不知道concerned adj. 担心的;关切的concern vt. 涉及;让担忧concerning prep.关于be concerned about 对关切的;为担忧的as far as.be co
10、ncerned 就而言;关于adapt vi. 适应vt. 使适应;使适合adaptation n.适应adaptable adj.能适应的adapt to 适应adapt oneself to (使)适应measure n. 措施;方法vt. 测量;度量;估量vi.长(宽、高等)为take measures 采取措施make.to sbs measure 按照某人的尺寸做measurement n.测量make out (勉强)看出;辨认出;听出make up 组成;化妆;构成;编造(故事);弥补make up with sb 与言归于好make for 向移动;促成make the mos
11、t of sth 充分利用observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守observe sb doing sth 注意某人在做某事observe traffic rules 遵守交通规则observe sb do sth 注意某人做了某事observe the festivals 庆祝节日observation n. 观察;观测attack n.,vi.& vt.攻击;抨击under attack 遭到袭击a heart attack 心脏病发作make an attack on.对发起攻击recover vi.恢复;康复vt.寻回;找回recovery n.恢复;痊愈;改善;复苏;收回rec
12、overable adj.可收回的;可重新获得的uncover vt.揭开盖子;揭露recover from sth 从中恢复过来intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事intend sb to do sth想要某人去做某事intend that. 打算be intended for. 为打算(或设计)的with the intention of 有的意图 exist vi. 存在;生存existence n.存在 existing adj. 现存的;现有的come into existence/being 产生;存在harmony
13、 n. 和谐;融洽harmonious adj. 协调的;和谐的(be) in harmony with.与协调 (be) out of harmony with. 与不协调threaten vt. 威胁;危及threat n. 威胁 threatening adj. 恐吓的;威胁的threatened adj. 受到威胁的threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人threaten (sb.) to do sth 威胁某人做某事due adj. 由于;因为; 到期的;预期的due to 由于;因为 be due to do sth 预期做某事单词变形练习1. Do you t
14、hink the film _(adapt) is faithful to the book? 2. This traditional Chinese medicine is very _(effect) in relieving COVID-19. 3. One of the _(beautiful) of living here is that its so peaceful.4. To our surprise, the disease has spread at an _(alarm) rate. 5. Many languages including Chinese are all
15、(live) languages.6. To protect my computer from _(attack) by hackers, I equipped it with anti-virus software. 7. _ (plain), he is interested in her present appearance and manner. 8. Its well known that money can be exchanged for _ (good) or services.9. A great many species in the world are at the ed
16、ge of (extinct).10. One day the cat was caught in a trap laid by a _ (hunt).11. He didnt answer my question _ (immediate), which made me very upset.12. As far as Im _(concern), its everyones duty to protect the environment.13. Ive got a _(reserve) for two nights.14. The university is known for its l
17、anguage and culture courses _(intend) for international students.15. The boy _ (removed)from school because of fighting with others.16. Halley made his discovery by means of his own careful _(observe).17. Those who hunt animals _ (illegal) will be punished by law.18. He gained weight after _ (recove
18、r) from his illness.19. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some _(measure) over 90 meters.1. adaptation 2.effective 3.beauties 4.alarming 5.living 6. being attacked 7. Plainly 8. goods 9. extinction10.hunter 11. immediately 12. concerned 13. reservation 14. intended 15. is removed
19、 16. observation 17. illegally 18. recovery 19. measuringUnit3 The Internetlook up(1) (在词典、参考书或通过电脑)查阅,检查 (2)抬头往上看 (3)（生意、某人情况等）好转，改善 归纳拓展：look up to sb 钦佩;羡慕;尊敬 look into sth 往里看;调查,审查 look back on sth 回首(往事);回忆 look down on sb 轻视;瞧不起 look forward to (doing) sth 盼望(做)某事 look on sb/sth as. 把看作 look
20、out for 当心;小心 identify vt. 认出;确认identification n. 识别;鉴定;确(1) n.C，U身份 identity card（ID card）身份证 identity theft身份盗窃(2)n.U（区别人或群体的）特性a sense of identity自我认同感 national/cultural/ social identity民族/文化/社会认同convenientbe convenient for sb/sth 对某人/某事来说是方便的 It is convenient for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是方便的 A is
21、convenient for/to B A到B近归纳拓展:(1)convenience n.方便;便利 at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候 for (the sake of )convenience 为方便起见 (2)inconvenient adj.不方便的;不便利的 (3)inconvenience n.不方便;不便利 stuck adj.卡住；陷入 be/get stuck in . 被卡在/被困在. be/ get stuck on. 被难住归纳拓展:stick (stuck, stuck) vt&vi. 刺，插入；粘贴 vi. 卡住 n.C枝条；棍状物 stic
22、k to 坚持 benefit(1)n. U,C 益处，优势for the benefit of sb = for sbs benefit 为了某人的利益 be of benefit to 对有益 (2)vi. 得益于 vt. 使受益，对某人有用benefit from sth. 得益于某事 benefit sb. 使某人受益，对某人有用归纳拓展: beneficial adj.有益的 be beneficial to 对有益的 distance(1)n. C,U 距离；U 遥远in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance 离一段距离；从远处at/from a
23、distance of 从远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）(2)n. U,C 冷淡，疏远 keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远，与某人保持一定距离 归纳拓展: distant adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from. 离远；与不同distantly adv.远地；冷淡地； distance n.距离；远方；遥远；疏远inspire v.鼓励，鼓舞，激励inspire sb to do sth鼓舞某人做某事 inspire sb with sth= inspire sth in sb 使某人产生某种情感归纳拓展： (1)inspiration n.U灵感
24、；C 鼓舞人心的人或事物inspiration for sth/to do sth 对于某物/做某事的灵感 an inspiration to/for sb激励某人的人或事物(2)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 (3)inspired adj. 品质优秀的；借助于灵感创作的access (1)n. U （使用或见到的）机会，权利have/get/gain access to 拥有的机会；可以进入give (sb) access to 准许（某人）使用/见到.(2)n. U 通道，通路，入径 access to+n. 通往.的路(3)vt. 访问，存取（计算机文件）；到达，进
25、入归纳拓展：accessible adj. 可接近的，可使用的；容易理解的 be accessible to sb .能为某人接近/使用 inaccessible adj. 难以达到的；不可得到的confirm confirmation n.证实；确认书 confirmed adj.(仅用于名词前)坚定的；根深蒂固的(1)vt. 证实，证明，确认confirm that/wh- 从句证实 It is/has been confirmed that 据/已证实;已确认(2)vt.使感觉更强烈，使确信 confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事 confirm ones belief/de
26、termination 坚定某人的信念/决心(3) vt.批准(职位、协议等) confirm sb as 任命某人担任embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬、害羞)的(1)embarrass vt.使尴尬，使窘迫；使困惑，使为难(2)embarrassed adj.尴尬的，窘迫的，害羞的It embarrasses/embarrassed sb to do做使某人尴尬。 (3)embarrassment n.U窘迫，难堪；C困境；令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人to ones embarrassment 令某人难堪的是be/feel embarrassed about/at .因而尴尬
27、/窘迫 be embarrassed to do sth 做某事尴尬/窘迫upset (1)adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的be /feel/get upset about/by/with sth 为某事感到不安/沮丧 It upset(s) sb to do sth/that .做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是(2)vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼，使心烦意乱；打翻；打乱，搅乱；使(肠胃)不适be upset that 因而心烦/沮丧keep/ bear (.) in mind 将记在心中；牢记；考虑mind (sb/sbs) doing.介意(某人)做Do/Would you mi
28、nd if.?如果你介意吗？make up ones mind 下定决心 change ones mind 改变决定/看法/主意归纳拓展: bring/call to mind 想起/记起 fix ones mind on/upon 把注意力集中在case (1)n.C容器，箱，盒，套(2)n.C实例，事例，具体情况；sing.实情，事实(just) in case 以防万一,以防 in case of 如果/假使in no case决不(位于句首时用部分倒装结构) in any case 无论如何,不管怎样in some/most cases 在一些/大多数情况下in this/that c
29、ase假使这样/那样的话；既然这样/那样as is often the case 这是常有的事；正如经常发生的那样It is often the case (that)通常情况是单词变形练习.1First, our meeting will begin _ a song.2I have no mood to chat _ you.3He was so excited _ he could say nothing.4If you look at a world map, you can _ (identity) the major wineproducing regions.5Do you sp
30、end much time _ (search) through dictionaries for words that are not included?6Kate functioned _ a mother to the child while his parents were away.7Im still waiting for _ (confirm) of the test results.8Your new computer will have a variety of _ (function)9There two keys cant be _ (press)10He sat beh
31、ind a desk on which were half a dozen _ (file)11This kind of apps keeps you _ (update) on all topics which you prefer.12You can also choose _ (receive) the news you are interested in.13The hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with _ (privacy) bathrooms.1.with 2.with3.that4.identify5.searching6.as7.confirmati
32、on8.functions9.pressed10.files11.updated12.to receive13.private 非限制定语从句必要知识拓展定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。限制定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别类别作用形式关系代词/副词例句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思不明确紧跟于先行词后，无逗号that/who/whom/which/whose/as
33、when/where/whyShe is the girl who wanted to see you.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰一个句子，是对先行词/句子的附加说明，去掉不会影响主句意思用逗号与其修饰的句子/名词或代词隔开不可用that引导，其他的关系代词和关系副词都可以使用且不可省略Hangzhou ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.Part 2要点回顾1.when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。2.where既可以指代具体的
34、地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position，activity, platform, job, family, race, environment, atmosphere等。3.区别which和that(1)先行词是物, 关系代词用that，不用which的情况当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none等或当先行词被no, some, any,
35、all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.He answered few questions that were asked by the reporters.当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now . This is the very pen that I am looking for. 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This wa
36、s one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.当先行词中同时包括人和物时。Im going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (2)先行词是物, 关系用which，不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中Football, which is an interesting game, is played all
37、 over the world.介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。This is the room in which my father lived last year. = This is the room (that/ which) my father lived in last year. Part 3 关系代词和关系副词易错点1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。Hangzhou is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want to visi
38、t.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。Hangzhou ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。2.whose+n.= the+n +of which=of which+the+n. 【注意】名词之前必须有the。I live in the room whose window/the window of which / of which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开
39、的房间里。3.介词关系代词”(相当于关系副词) 引导的定语从句 A.在这种结构中，若先行词指人，关系代词用whom不能用who；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which不能用that。B.关系代词前介词的选择。(1)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词通常是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。I cant remember the age at which he won the prize.(at the age）(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。The documents for which they were searching have been recovere
40、d.（search for）(3)根据定语从句中主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.（be familiar with）(4)根据句子所表达的意思来确定介词The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.C. 介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the book for which you asked. =This is the b
41、ook which/that you asked for.注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 look for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of等。l 我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。【正】My youngest sister, whom I have to look after, is very lovely.【误】My youngest sister, after whom I have to look, is very lovely.4
42、. The way 做先行词先行词the way在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意不用how, how不能引导定语从句。）先行词the way充当主语、宾语 关系词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。5. the sameas和the samethatthe sameas表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）the samethat表示“同一个”（同一性）I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）This is the sam
43、e watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）6. so/such. that与such.asso/such. that 用于引导结果状语从句It was such cold that there was nobody on the street.such.as 用于引导定语从句Ive never heard such stories as he told.区别：引导词在从句中不充当成分， 则该从句为状语从句，引导词词用that 引导词在从句中充当成分， 则该从句为定语从句，关系词用asPart 4 能力提升（一）分割式定语从句定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语
44、、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.The scientist has made another discovery, which , of course, is of great importance. （二）易混从句对比1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday? (the one作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the one)Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday? (that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)2.The old man has three sons , one of whom