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1、 Chapter 3 Wheat products processin知识点知识点2 小麦制粉工艺小麦制粉工艺(Flour milling process)小麦制粉工艺(小麦制粉工艺(Flour milling process)Flour milling is the continuous process that is used to transform the raw wheat berry(小麦粒粉质胚乳)into a form which is of use to the baking and other industries.The aim of white flour millin
2、gWhite flour is the ultimate product of flour milling.The aim of white flour milling is to extract a maximum amount of endosperm from the wheat berry.The outer bran layers become the co-product of the process called wheat feed(麸皮粉).Many operations also separate the embryonic part of the berry,known
3、as the germ.There is just one accepted manner in which flour is produced globally.This is known as the gradual reduction system(逐步研细法).The flour milling processThe flour milling process can be represented by a simple block diagram(Fig.3.7).There are three principal divisions within the process.These
4、 are known as the breaking system(研磨系统),the purification system(清粉系统)and the reduction system(粉碎系统).The purification system is not favoured by many millers and may be absent from processes.It is often replaced by what is known as the Sizing system(筛理系统).Fig 3.7 Block diagram of milling process.面粉产品处
5、理面粉产品处理(1)(1)杀虫杀虫 面粉撞击杀虫机,可杀死面粉中各个虫期的害虫及虫卵。面粉撞击杀虫机,可杀死面粉中各个虫期的害虫及虫卵。(2)(2)漂漂白白、熟熟化化 Ageing of wheat flour for bread making is due to oxidation,either by storage for some weeks after milling or by chemical action.Freshly milled flour produces a weaker and less resilient dough,and hence a less bold lo
6、af,than flour which has been aged.小小麦麦胚胚乳乳含含有有叶叶黄黄素素、类类胡胡萝萝萝萝卜卜素素等等黄黄色色素素,所所以以新新制制面面粉粉颜颜色色略略黄黄。经经过过2-32-3周周储储藏藏后后,由由于于缓缓慢慢的的空空气气氧氧化化作作用用使使色色素素破破坏坏,面面粉粉颜颜色色变变白白,同同时时筋筋力力也也因因氧氧化化作作用用而而有有所所增增加,这就是面粉的加,这就是面粉的自然熟化自然熟化。面面包包用用粉粉和和多多用用粉粉拌拌入入过过氧氧化化二二苯苯甲甲酰酰粉粉剂剂,只只起起单单纯纯的的漂白作用。漂白作用。(3)空气分级空气分级小小麦麦面面粉粉是是由由大大小小不
7、不同同的的粉粉粒粒组组成成,小小的的l lm m以以下下,大大的的超超过过200200m m,最最小小的的粉粉粒粒主主要要是是蛋蛋白白质质碎碎片片,含含蛋蛋白白质质多多,再再大大一一些些的的粉粉粒粒主主要要是是游游离离的的淀淀粉粉粒粒,含含蛋蛋白白质质少少,更更大大的的粉粉粒粒则则是是胚胚乳乳碎碎块块,保保持持着着原原有有的的淀淀粉粉粒粒镶镶嵌嵌在在蛋蛋白白质质中的结构中的结构,蛋白质含量与小麦胚乳相同。蛋白质含量与小麦胚乳相同。根根据据这这一一情情况况,即即可可得得到到高高蛋蛋白白小小麦麦粉粉(粉粉粒粒小小于于1717m)m)低低蛋蛋白白小小麦麦粉粉(粉粉粒粒大大小小在在17-4017-40
8、m)m)和和一一般般蛋蛋白白质质含含量量的的小麦粉小麦粉(粉粒大于粉粒大于3535或或4040m)m)。等级粉和专用粉生产工艺特点等级粉和专用粉生产工艺特点(1)(1)等级粉等级粉(grade flour)的生产的生产同时生产两种以上等级粉的制粉过程,称为等级粉生产。同时生产两种以上等级粉的制粉过程,称为等级粉生产。按按加加工工精精度度不不同同可可分分为为特特一一粉粉、特特二二粉粉、标标准准粉粉、普普通通粉粉四四类。类。(2)(2)专用粉专用粉(tailored flourtailored flour)的生产)的生产我国目前面粉品种比较单一,没有专门的食品用粉,国外的我国目前面粉品种比较单一,没有专门的食品用粉,国外的面粉品种就比较齐全,如面包粉、饼干粉、家庭用粉和其它面粉品种就比较齐全,如面包粉、饼干粉、家庭用粉和其它用粉。用粉。专用粉与通用小麦粉之间的主要不同在于用途的针对性不同,专用粉与通用小麦粉之间的主要不同在于用途的针对性不同,对于各种粉的蛋白质含量、水分、粒度、强度以及灰分等各对于各种粉的蛋白质含量、水分、粒度、强度以及灰分等各方面的要求、也不相同。可以通过小麦粉配制的方法生产专方面的要求、也不相同。可以通过小麦粉配制的方法生产专用粉,因此专用粉又称配制粉。用粉,因此专用粉又称配制粉。