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1、2024年being的详细用法总结 今日给大家带来了being的用法,我们一起来学习吧,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。 being的用法 be动词在句型分析时通常归为linking verb(联缀动词)。意思是说它只有连接主词与补语的联缀功能,本身没有意义。 同样地,being 一字也没有什么意义,可是有时候句子中少了它就是不行。能够敏捷运用being(以及having been),可以加强句子的表达实力,丰富句型的改变。然而一般学习者对being的用法大都不是很熟识,有必要整理一下。 being的用法,可以从这个视察切入:be动词是没有意义的linking verb。所以,用到being
2、一字,主要是须要它-ing的字尾。这个字尾可以表达以下几种功能,而这些功能也就是运用being的主要缘由。 表示进行的状态 being当现在分词说明时,表示进行式的状态。例如下面这段对话中的用法。 例1 A: Why did you say the food was delicious when in fact it was awful? 菜其实难吃死了,你刚才为什么要说很好吃? B: I was being polite to our hostess. 我是在表示对女主子的礼貌呀。 假如B的回答中没有being,就成为: I was polite to our hostess. 我对女主子有
3、礼貌。 如此一来,就无法表现出说菜好吃是客套话的这个意思。这时候就有必要用being来强调进行状态,才能将意思表达清晰。 再看下面这个例子: 例2 A: Is my car ready? 我的车好了吗? B: It's being repaired and tested. Come back after three. 还在修理、测试。三点以后再来。 在被动语态的动词中加上being,才能表示进行状态。假如没有being,那么B的回答可能变成这样: It's repaired and tested. Happy driving. 都修好了,也测试过了。祝开车开心。 被动语态的动词
4、中假如没有being,那么剩下的过去分词(如上例中的repaired, tested)就带有剧烈的完成状态示意(修好了、测试过了)。因此被动语态中必需用being才能表示进行状态,否则会语意不清。 同样的状况也适用于减化子句中,例如: Your car, being repaired and tested, will not be ready until three. 你的车正在修理、测试中,三点以后才会好。 句中的绿色部分是下面这个形容词子句的减化: Your car, which is being repaired and tested, will not be ready until t
5、hree. 反之,假如减化子句中没有being,就从进行状态变成完成状态,意思完全不同: Your car, (which is) repaired and tested, should run without any problem now. 你的车修好了,也测试过了,开起来应当没问题。 做词类改变 being可以加在减化子句中来做词类改变之用,使减化子句符合词类的要求。例如: 例3 I resent being made to wait. 我很厌烦别人要我等。 句中的受词部分being made to wait,可以视为名词子句that I am made to wait的减化。减化过程中
6、,假如只留下补语部分,成为made to wait,会产生词类的错误。因为made to wait是过去分词词组的构造,属于广义的形容词类,不能取代名词子句当做 resent的受词。 然而made to wait这个词组又要保留made的过去分词形态,才能表达被动语态。这时只能在前面加上being,成为being made to wait (动名词词组),以符合名词词类的要求。另一种词类改变的情形也和减化子句有关: 例4 Because I am your best friend, I must talk you out of this foolish idea. 因为我是你最好的挚友,我肯定
7、要劝你打消这个愚蠢的念头。 句中Because I am your best friend是副词子句。减化时假如照一般做法,省去主词、be动词与连接词,只留下补语部分,就会剩下your best friend。但这是一个名词词组,和原来的副词子句在词类上有冲突。而且这个名词词组本身又无法做词类改变。 这时候假如在前面加上being,成为being your best friend,就能把词类转变为分词词组,或称分词构句,可以取代原来的副词子句: Being your best friend, I must talk you out of this foolish idea. there bei
8、ng用法 用法一、there being相当于一个独立主格结构,可在句子中用做状语,表示缘由等。 如: There being too many new words, I find the text difficult. 由于生词太多,我认为课文很难。 There being a lot of work to be done, I don't know what to do. 由于许多事情要做,我不知道该如何是好。 用法二、相当于一个带有逻辑主语的动词-ing形式。在句子中可做介词(除介词for外) 的宾语。如: The crops grow well because of there
9、 being enough rain this year. 由于今年雨水足够,庄稼长得很好。 Judging from there being no much furniture in the house, we know that they are very poor. 从他家没有什么家具来看,我们知道他们很穷。 被动语态讲解 被动语态的结构是:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。eg. Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。 被动语态时态改变只变更be的形式,过去分词不变。 (一)举例 Saddam is bein
10、g tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。 The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。 More and more people use computers now.(主动语态) Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态) English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态) (二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异 汉语表达被动语态特别简洁明白,用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示,如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不困难
11、,用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的改变,而这正是英语被动语态的难点。 (三)被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调肯定是及物动词的过去分词,因为不及物动词不能带宾语,也就不行能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个,以give为例说明如下: 时态 动词形式 一般现在时 Am/is/are given 一般过去时 Was/were given 一般将来时 Shall/will be given 现在进行时 Am/is/are being given 过去进行时 Was/were being given 过
12、去将来时 Should/would be given 现在完成时 Has/have been given 过去完成时 Had been given 被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。如: “During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasnt asked questions in English.” “面试的时候,用英语问你问题了吗?”“没有,没有用英语问我问题。” The origin of the univ
13、erse will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源也许恒久也不会被说明清晰。 Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐馆正在装修吗? The restaurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。那家餐馆没有在装修。事实上,那家餐馆从来没有装修过。 (四)被动语态的用法 1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法,有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的,这时就用被动语态。例如: I felt
14、a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候,有点惊慌。 These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进口的。 That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。 2、说话或发表看法时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态 Hes said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。 还有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子): It is s
15、aid that. 据说 It is reported that. 据报道 It is hoped that. 希望 It is believed that. 人们信任 It is announced that. 据宣布 it is (well) known that. 众所周知 It has been decided that. 已经确定 It is supposed that. 人们认为 It is suggested that. 有人建议 It must be remembered that. 务必记住 It is taken for granted that. 被视为当然 (五)主动句
16、变被动句的留意事项 一是时态不能变更;二是变为被动语态后,谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一样。还要作如下变动:把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语放在by的后面,组成介词短语,再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。例如: They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市。 A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办。 The doctor gave two lect
17、ures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课。 Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课。 Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠。 We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告,要当心老鼠。 假如主动语态有两个宾语(干脆宾语和间接宾语),变为被动语态时,可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。 The reporters
18、asked the president some questions. 记者们问了总统一些问题。 The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 变间接宾语为主语) Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (变干脆宾语为主语) We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作。 He has been given a job. (变间接宾语为主语) A job has been given (to) him. (变干脆宾语为主语
19、) (六)含有情态动词的被动语态 句中含有情态动词时,其被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+过去分词: The timetable can be changed any time. 时辰表随时可以变更。 This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 这本书不允许带出阅览室。 This dictionary must be taken good care of. 这本词典必需保管好。 (七)关于被动语态的几点说明 1、有些动词形式上是主动,意义上是被动。例如: School begins in September. 学校九月份开学。 The
20、 library doesnt open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。 The machine runs well. 这台机器简单操作。 My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使。 The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗。 The dictionary sells well. 这词典销路很好。 The book hardly sells. 这书买不出去。 The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上。 2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不
21、定式作宾补。但在被动语态中,不定式符号to必需补上。例如: They made him go. 他们让他去。 He was made to go. 他被要求去了。 I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的挚友说再见。 He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人听到他向他的挚友说再见。 3、除助动词be外,动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态,是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如: I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我
22、迷失了方向。 You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的。 In the end this story got translated into English. 这故事最终被译成了英文。 His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。 4、“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。如: Ill have the bike repaired in no time. 我一会就把自行车修好。 I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I w
23、as shopping. 上星期天买东西的时候我的钱夹被盗。 He got his leg broken when playing football. 踢足球的时候他把腿弄断了。 I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折买了这些书,省了两百美元。 5、在need, want, require后面,主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思: My watch needs cleaning. (=needs to be cleaned) 我的表须要清洗。 Your garden needs watering. (=to be watered) 你的花园须要浇水。 Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生,您的衣服要烫吗? being的具体用法总结