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1、高考英语谓语类型一、S+FV+N+I1.约有140个宾补动词（表示“愿望”或“命令”）可以用任何不定式（包括to be）作补语。这种句型通常表示“主语+希望或请求+名词+作某事或成为什么”：They wanted him to teach their son, everybody to be saint.他们想让他教他们的儿子，每个人都成为圣人。He asked her to (please) open the door.他请她把门打开。She notified us to move out.她通知我们搬出去。They caused everybody to kneel down, their
2、 men to destroy the bridge, provisions to be ready, the rule to be observed.他们让每个人都跪下来，他们的人摧毁了这座桥，准备好了粮食，遵守了规则。I cannot bring myself to acknowledge the fault, to scold her, to believe the news, to leave my children hungry.我不能让自己承认错误，责骂她，相信这个消息，让我的孩子挨饿。he condemned them to be imprisoned.他判他们入狱。The ju
3、dge sentenced him to die.法官判处他死刑。He charged me to send the letter, me to keep the diamond.他让我寄信，让我保管钻石。He ordered his men to get ready.他命令部下做好准备。I should not oblige you to spend your money.我不应该强迫你花钱。I am obliged to help him.我有义务帮助他。They begged him to accompany them, me to help them.他们求他陪他们，求我帮助他们。Th
4、ey conjured him not to criticize them.他们恳求他不要批评他们。He advised his friend to work hard, his friends to try this pill.他劝他的朋友努力工作，他的朋友尝试这种药丸。They warned me not to go out that night, me to be careful.他们警告我那天晚上不要出去，要我小心。I pledge myself not to be unjust.我保证不做不公正的事。He suffered nobody to touch his flowers, h
5、imself to be caught.他不让任何人碰他的花，也不让别人抓住他。He cannot bear any man to speak with his wife.他不能容忍任何人同他妻子说话。The ticket entitled the bearer to see the movie.持票人有权看这部电影。I empowered him to supervise the city.我授权他管理这个城市。His success decided me to try.他的成功决定我去尝试。The circumstance determined him to work hard.环境决定他
6、努力工作。God has chosen us to take land.上帝选择了我们夺取土地。I induced him to accompany me.我劝他陪我。Nothing can move him to change his mind.什么也不能使他改变主意。He helped me (to) do everything.他帮我做每件事。His wealth enabled him to buy a big building.他的财富使他能买一栋大楼。You provoked him to speak rudely.你惹得他说话粗鲁。This success inspired me
7、 to study harder.这次成功激励我更加努力地学习。They trained him to be patient.他们训练他要有耐心。They educate David to be nice.他们教育大卫要友善。He used the coconut shell to take water.他用椰子壳盛水。he signed (to, for) them to wait.他示意他们等一下。He beckoned them to approach, them to draw nearer.他示意他们走近，让他们走近。2.这种类型有一些变体：He caused music to be
8、 played. (在没有必要说明谁演奏时，可用不定式的被动形式）他使音乐得以演奏。He allowed his good name to be soiled.他听任自己的好名声受到玷污。I do not want there to be another war (=another war to come). (another war 为宾语，to be there 为补语）我不希望再次发生战争。He likes there to be a picnic (=a picnic to take place).他喜欢在那里举行野餐。He held there to be no god (=that
9、 there is no god).他认为没有上帝。He meat there to be no trouble.他希望那里不会有麻烦。He hates there to be any quarrel.他讨厌在那里发生任何争吵。I should prefer there to be a meeting.我宁愿开个会。I hate there to be some misunderstanding between us.我不希望我们之间有什么误会。I expect there to be some kind of agreement.我希望能达成某种协议。但注意：I promised him t
10、o work harder (=that I would work harder, 不是指that he would work harder.我答应他更加努力工作。二、S+FV+N+to be/to have1.约有90个表示判断的动词用“to be +补语” 或“to have +过去分词”作补语。这个句型一般表示主语认为或宣布某人或某物是什么（样）或做过某事。They believed (or thought, figured, maintained) him to be honest.他们相信(或认为、认为、认为)他是诚实的。They supposed him to be an expe
11、rt (or an honest man).他们认为他是个专家(或诚实的人)。They took me to be a Frenchman.他们以为我是法国人。They suspected him to be a thief, to have stolen their things.他们怀疑他是个小偷，偷了他们的东西。They doubted him to be an honest man.他们怀疑他是不是一个诚实的人。They construed his reply to be unfavourable.他们认为他的答复是不利的。They knew the situation to be a
12、gainst them, their friend to be a snake in the grass.他们知道形势对他们不利，他们的朋友是个阴险的人。They fancied themselves to be the best men in the town, the circumstance to be favourable, themselves to have been cheated.他们以为自己是镇上最优秀的人，以为形势有利，以为自己上当受骗了。They proved him to be worthy of promotion, it to be wrong.他们证明他值得提升，
13、这是错的。Their accent revealed them to be foreigners.他们的口音表明他们是外国人。They disclosed this matter to be a conspiracy.他们揭露这件事是一场阴谋。They recognized him to be their bosom friend.他们认出他是他们的知心朋友。They described me to be a mysterious person.他们说我是一个神秘的人。They apprehended their son to be in danger.他们担心他们的儿子有危险。2.在上面句子
14、中，to be 后面的形容词或名词表示某种特点，而在下面句子中，to be和后面的现在分词表示现在进行或在主要动词所表示时间当中正在进行的动作，而“to have+过去分词”表示主要动词所表示时间之前已完成的动作：They suspected him to be playing a trick on them.他们怀疑他在捉弄他们。They supposed him to have seen much about the world.他们认为他见多识广。They wrinkles on his face represented him to have suffered much.他脸上的皱纹表
15、明他受了很多苦。3.在上述动词后只能用不定式to be和to have，其他动词的不定式一般不能用，但表示状态（而不是动作）的动词不定式可以用：They knew him to go to school. (错误)I believed John to make poems. (错误)I considered him to read English very easily. (错误)They knew the box to contain 20 cigarettes. (正确)他们知道盒子里装着20支香烟。I believed the sentence to mean something ill
16、. (正确)我相信这句话有不好的意思。I find it to have several advantages. (正确)我发现它有几个优点。4.在不少情况下，不定式to be可以省略，这是句型变为S+FV+N+N或A或P.N，但“to have been”及“to be+现在分词”却benign省略。They supposed him (to be) wrong, found it (to be) a good policy, reported him (to be) the best man for the job, believed him (to be) a thief, think
17、it (to be) of little value.他们认为他错了，认为这是一个好政策，报告说他是这项工作的最佳人选，相信他是个小偷，认为这没有什么价值。但：They believed it to have been stole. I should guess him to be playing a trick on me.他们认为它被偷了。我猜他是在捉弄我。5.此外，上面的简单句（都是书面语或正式文体）可以变为包含一个that从句的复合句，这时句子则变为非正式文体，不过有少数宾补动词不允许这样的改变：They believed him to be honest. =They believe
18、d that he was honest.他们相信他是诚实的。I considered this trouble to be unnecessary. =I considered that this trouble was unnecessary.我认为这个麻烦是不必要的。He declared himself to have done his best. =He declared that he had done his best.他宣称他已尽了最大的努力。但：He named her to be secretary.=He named that she was secretary. (错误)I count myself to be lucky.=I count that I am lucky. (错误)4