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1、高考英语谓语类型知识讲解一、S+LV.A.P+N/G或S+LV.PrP.P+N.G或S+LV.PaP.P+N/GJohn was afraid of dogs.1.约有30个系动词跟有一个形容词（或分词）及一个合适的介词，在语法上等于一个及物动词。有时甚至可以找出意思与这种动词短语意思相近的单一及物动词。Be是这类系动词种最重要的一个：He is conscious of or is alive to (=knows) (LV.A.P) his situation (or being suspected).他知道自己的处境(或被人怀疑)。He is short of (=lacks) mone
2、y.他缺钱。John is desirous of (=desires) fame (or going abroad).约翰渴望出名(或出国)。This is similar to (=resembles) that.这和那相似。He is famous for hospitality.他以热情好客而闻名。He is attentive to the lecture.他专心听讲。These books are readable by young men only.这些书只有年轻人才能读。His writings are unintelligible by common people.他的作品一
3、般人看不懂。Her singing was audible by the farthest seats.最远的座位也能听到她的歌声。This story is interesting to (=interests) (LV.PrP.P) every child.每个孩子都对这个故事感兴趣。The movie was amusing to (=amused) the audience.这部电影把观众逗乐了。His expression was pleasing to (=pleased) his friends.他的表情使他的朋友们感到高兴。The result is shocking to (
4、=shocks) our team.这个结果使我们队大为震惊。Water is composed of (=comprises) (LV.PaP.P) oxygen and hydrogen.水是由氧和氢组成的。He is pleased with (=likes) my gift (or playing with children).他喜欢我的礼物(或和孩子们一起玩)。John was accustomed (or used) to comfortable life (or living in a warm climate).约翰习惯于舒适的生活(或生活在温暖的气候中)。He is redu
5、ced to poverty (or begging).他穷困潦倒(或行乞)。John is given to intemperance (or lying).约翰放纵(或说谎)。He was starved to death.他被饿死了。This is interested in chickens (or keeping ducks).这是对养鸡(或养鸭)感兴趣。He is tied up in a crime.他被卷入一桩罪案。2.一些其他系动词也可用于这种结构：He felt tired of life; seemed (or appeared) astonished at the ne
6、ws.他对生活感到厌倦; 对这消息似乎感到惊讶。Things seem hard on me.事情对我来说似乎很艰难。He became conscious of the danger.他意识到了危险。His income fell short of the expenditure.他的收入低于支出。His work fell short of the standard.他的工作没有达到标准。His speech fell flat on the audience.他的演讲没有引起听众的兴趣。The tax fell heavy on the tenants.赋税沉重地压在佃户身上。It ca
7、me right to me.我突然想到了。The sewing machine proved useful to our family.这台缝纫机对我们家很有用。He remained ignorant of the serious situation.他对严峻的形势一无所知。The package remains untouched by anyone.这个包裹没人碰过。The library stays open to the public.图书馆一直对公众开放。You may rest certain of his support.你可以放心，他一定会支持你。It smells bad
8、 to him, but good to me.对他来说很难闻，但对我来说很好。The statement sounds funny to us.这句话听起来很可笑。He stood mute with rage.他气得站不动了。The burden sat light on me.我的负担很轻。The custom passes current among mountaineers.这种风俗在登山人中流行起来。The remarks passed unnoticed by all present.在场的人都没有注意到这些话。She fought shy of him.她避开了他。I must
9、 make sure of his address.我必须弄清楚他的地址。He makes free with my money.他乱花我的钱。They made ready for the fight.他们做好了战斗的准备。某些名词，例如enemy，可以用作形容词：He is an enemy (=averse) to falsehood.他是谎言的敌人。He is a friend to (=fond of) literature.他是文学的朋友。He may be master of (=proficient in) this subject.他可能精通这门学科。二、S+LV+IJohn
10、 was to come at six.1.约有10个系动词可以用不定式作补语。2.这些系动词中最重要的是be。1）不定式可以用作名词型的补语，表示某个动作和抽象主语所指是同样东西：My aim is to assist you (or for him to lead a happy life, for Mary to go to college).我的目的是帮助你(或者让他过上幸福的生活，让玛丽上大学)。His advice is for you to admit your mistakes (or to fight to the last man).他的建议是承认自己的错误(或者战斗到最后
11、一人)。Our difficulty was to master English in a year (or to have to smile in the presence of our boss all the time).我们的困难是在一年内掌握英语(或者在老板面前一直微笑)。To teach is to learn.教即是学。To boast is to cheat.自夸就是欺骗。To live is to suffer and to struggle until our death.活着就是受苦，奋斗，直到死亡。2）不定式也可以用作形容词型的补语，表示主语的动作或品质。主语可以是抽象
12、的东西，也可以是具体的东西：This book(事物) is to be read (=readable) by children.这本书是给孩子们读的。This herb is not to be eaten (=edible).这种草药不能吃。The house is to protect us from rain, sunshine and theft.这所房子是用来保护我们免受风雨、阳光和盗窃的。Money is to be spent.钱是要花的。We (人) are to get married next Sunday.我们将于下星期天结婚。Mary is to go to col
13、lege next year.玛丽明年要上大学了。I am to teach English grammar.我要教英语语法。John is to die at 90.约翰将在90岁时死去。Music(抽象名词) is to entertain and raise our spirit.音乐是娱乐和振奋精神的。Grammar is to assist us in writing good sentences.语法是帮助我们写出好句子的。The worst is to come.最糟糕的还在后头。He is to blame (=to be blamed).他该受责备。The house is
14、to let (=to be let). (有被动意义)这房子要出租。3.在下面句子中有be以外的系动词，后面可跟不定式：The report proves (or turns out) to be true.这篇报道被证明是真的。He proved to know it all.事实证明他无所不知。The situation appears to be improving.情况似乎正在好转。It looks to be easy.看起来很容易。The letter seemed to have been tempered with.这封信似乎经过了润色。He cant seem to see
15、 (=He seems unable to see).他似乎看不见。He grew to know the world.他逐渐见多识广。He grew to believe it.他渐渐相信了这一点。He came to hate her (or to know her, to hear it, to believe it).他开始恨她(或者认识她，听到她的话，相信她的话)。This place has come to be used as a school.这个地方已被用作学校。He is getting to be (=is becoming) a nice fellow.他正在成为一个好
16、小伙子。Kim got to be (=became) well-know.金变得很有名了。This theory remains to be tested.这个理论还有待检验。He continues to be faithful.他仍然很忠诚。He stands to (=is sure to) win (or gain, lose).他肯定会赢(或赢、输)。4.如果主语是不定式，或是补语很长，那么用不定式作补语比用动名词作补语更好一些：His purpose is to discover (而不用discovering) who is the most faithful of his f
17、riends.他的目的是要发现谁是他最忠实的朋友。His habit has been to eat breakfast after brushing his teeth.他的习惯是刷牙后吃早饭。To respect others is to be respected (而不用being respected). (=If you respect others, you will be respected.)尊重别人就是被尊重。(你尊重别人，别人也会尊重你。)To keep silent is to save plenty of trouble. (=If you keep silent, you will save plenty of trouble.)保持沉默可以省去许多麻烦。(如果你保持沉默，你就会省去很多麻烦。)5