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1、 1/5 阅读理解 D高考冲刺学习单(教师版)2022 年新高考卷年新高考卷 体裁 说明文 梗概 随着年龄增长,心脏处理氧气的效率不像以前那么高了。但心脏专家莱文博士发现,有氧锻炼对心脏是有好处的。结构 Para.1:随着年龄的增长,心脏的功能在退化。Para.2:莱文博士发现锻炼有助于改善逐渐衰老的心脏。Para.3:莱文和他的团队选择志愿者分组并做跟踪研究。Para.4:研究结果表明锻炼对心脏是有好处的。Para.5:开始锻炼的最佳时机是在中年后期。Para.6:美国心脏协会女发言人尼可戈德伯格博士表达了她对该研究的看法。As we age,even if were healthy,the
2、 heart just isnt as efficient in processing oxygen as it adj.有效率的有效率的 v.处理处理 used to be.In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among people who dont exercise,the changes can start even sooner.32“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a draw
3、er for 20 years adj.柔韧的柔韧的 and it will become dry and easily broken,”says Dr.Ben Levine,a heart specialist at the University adj.坏的坏的 of Texas.Thats what happens to the heart.Fortunately for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you havent been an enthusiastic exerciser,getting in shape no
4、w may help improve your 32Daging heart.题干 32.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?解题 步骤 Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词(1-2 个)寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题 思路 定位标志的选择原则 1)明显定位标志：大写字母；数字；敏感词(序数词，最高级，唯一性 only,unique)。2)核心概念定位：优先选择名词，最好所有名词都找到；其次形容
5、词和副词，最后是动词。3)定位词的同义替换。定位 根据题干关键词 Levine、rubber band 以及出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则，可以将答案定位到第二段。A.The right way of exercising.此选项无文章核心关键词“heart”，A 选项属于偏离主题。B.The causes of a heart attack.文章没有提及心脏病。B 选项属于无中生有。C.The difficulty of keeping fit.此选项无文章核心关键词“heart”，C 选项属于偏离主题。选项 D.The 32aging process of the 32heart.根据第
6、二段中的“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and 2/5 easily broken,Thats what happens to the heart.”可知,莱文想用橡皮筋来解释心脏的衰老过程。故选 D 项。答案 指向句 翻译 32“想想橡皮筋，一开始它是有弹性的，但把它放在抽屉里 20 年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。Levine and hi
7、s research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.Participants were randomly divided into two groups.adv.随意地随意地 33The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧)33Cexercise-balance training and v.参加参加 weight trainingthree time
8、s a week.The second group did 34Bhigh-intensity 34Aaerobic 33Cexercise n.强度强度 under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.34After two years,34Athe second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.adj.显著的显著的 题干 33.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of rese
9、arch design?解题 步骤 Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词(1-2 个)寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题 思路 本题题干定位词 the two groups 对应文章第三段第二三四句中 group，由此确定第三段第二三四句为 33 题答案指向句。关注带有汉语解释的专有名词就能发现，一二组区别在于无氧运动与有氧运动的运动类型。定位 根据题干关键词 the two groups 可以将答案定位到第三段第二三四句。A.Diet plan.文章没有提及饮食计划。A 选项属于无中生
10、有。B.Professional background.文章没有提及专业背景。B 选项属于无中生有。C.33Exercise type.根据第三段中的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧)exercise”及“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.”可知,就研究的设计而言,这两个小组在运动类型方面是不同的。故选 C 项。选项
11、D.Previous physical condition.文章没有提及以前的身体状况。D 选项属于无中生有。答案 指向句 翻译 33第一组每周参加三次无氧运动平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多的高强度有氧运动。3/5 34“We took these 34A50-year-old hearts and 34Aturned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,”says Levine.“And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their h
12、earts could now fill a lot better and pump(泵送)a lot more blood during exercise.”But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didnt change,he says.adj.强烈的强烈的 题干 34.What does Levines research find?解题 步骤 Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词(1-2 个)寻找答案
13、指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题 思路 根据题干关键词 Levine 和 research 可以将答案定位到第三四段。题目问 find 发现什么，找研究结论。定位 根据题干关键词 Levine 以及出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则，可以将答案定位到第三四段。A.34Middle-aged hearts get 34younger with 34aerobic exercise.根据第三段的最后一句“After two years,the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.”和第四段的第一句“We took th
14、ese 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,says Levine.”可知,莱文的研究发现通过有氧运动,中年人 的心脏会变得更年轻。故选 A 项。B.34High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.此选项利用第三段倒数第二句出现“High-intensity exercise”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。B 项属于编造细节。且此项无核心关键词“heart”,年轻人不涉及心脏衰老问题。B 项也偏离主题。C.I
15、t is never too late for people to start taking exercise.此项无核心关键词“heart”,C 项偏离主题。选项 D.The more exercise we do the stronger our hearts get.此选项的“we”指所有人，且“exercise”指所有运动，而文章关注的是中老年人和有氧运动，D 项所指范围过大，偏离主题。答案 指向句 翻译 34 两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。34莱文说:“我们把这些 50 岁的心脏的时钟拨回到了 30 岁或 35 岁。”“The sweet spot in life to
16、start exercising,if you havent already,is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,”Levine says.“We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise n.柔韧性柔韧性 training program,and nothing happened to them at all.”4/5 Dr.Nieca Goldberg,a spokeswoman for the American Heart Associatio
17、n,says Levines findings are a great start.35But the study was small and needs to be repeated with 35Cfar larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.v.决定决定 n.惯例惯例 题干 35.What does Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest?解题 步骤 Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位
18、，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词(1-2 个)寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题 思路 根据题干关键词 Dr.Nieca Goldberg 可以将答案定位到第六段。题目问一个人的 suggest 建议，找这个人说的话。定位 根据题干关键词 Dr.Nieca Goldberg 可以将答案定位到第六段。A.Making use of the findings.“利用研究发现”是研究过程中需要做的事。A 项答非所问。B.Interviewing the study participants.“采访研究对象”是研究过程中需要做的事。B
19、项答非所问。C.Conducting 35further research.根据最后一段“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.”可知,尼可戈德伯格博 士认为这项研究的规模很小,需要在规模更大的人群中重复进行,以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会有最大的作用。由此可推断,尼可戈德伯格博士建议进行进一步的研究。故
20、选 C 项。选项 D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.“明确研究目的”是研究开始需要做的事。D 项答非所问。答案 指向句 翻译 35但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。5/5 拓展练习 一、词汇积累 1.efficient 词性 adj.词义有效率的 2.process 词性 n.词义过程 3.participate 词性 v.词义参加 4.randomly 词性 adv.词义随意地 5.routine 词性 n.词义惯例 二、核心词汇（或短语）的同义替换 1.enthusiastic=passio
21、nate 2.keep healthy=keep fit 3.program=project 三、词形变化（派生词）1.flexible adj.柔韧的 flexibility n.柔韧性 2.intense adj.强烈的 intensity n.强度 3.remark v./n.评论 remarkable adj.显著的 remarkably adv.显著地 四、一词多义（请根据句意猜测划线词的词义）age 1.b the age of the computer 2.a She has a nephew who is just ten years of age.3.d The way to
22、 cure aging is to find ways to repair it.4.c Its been ages since we met last time.a.年龄 b.(历史上的)时代，时期 c.很长时间 d.衰老；老化 flexible 1.b I like shoes with flexible rubber soles.2.a Our plans need to be flexible.a.灵活的 b.柔韧的 五、作文素材积累 And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts co
23、uld now fill a lot better and pump(泵送)a lot more blood during exercise.【赏析】1.the reason(why)was that 的原因是 2.the reason 是主语，后面是省略 why 的定语从句，that 放在 was 后面引导表语从句。【译文】而且他们变得更强壮、更健康的原因是在锻炼期间，他们的心脏现在可以更好地填充并输送更多的血液。【仿写】我邀请你参加这个活动的原因是这个活动可以使你更好地了解中国文化。The reason why I invite you to take part in the activity is that the activity can make you have a better understanding of Chinese culture.