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1、 1/6 语法填空-高考真题全方位解析+二次开发(教师版)2021 年新高考卷 体裁 记叙文 梗概 本篇文章主要介绍了作者对于海洋的热爱并且由此产生保护环境的想法。结构 Para.1：作者对于海洋动物的保护和对于塑料对海洋生物的影响。Para.2：作者决定去教育人少用塑料，如果遇到使用大量塑料的公司，也想去教育。Para.3：作者发现了一家使用大量塑料的公司，并写信教育，收到回信。Para.4:作者继续努力去教育越来越多的公司，减少塑料使用。考点 分布 第 56、57、58、61、62、63、64 题有提示词（7 个），第 59、60、65 题无提示词（3 个）。解题 步骤 Step 1：浏览
2、全文，理解大意。Step 2：分析考查题目所在句的句子成分，确定空格处应该填入的词性。Step 3：结合考查题目给出的信息是有提示词还是无提示词解题。Step 4：先易后难，逐个突破。Step 5：复盘检查，修正错误。解题 思路 无提示词考虑填：冠、连（从句引导词/并列连词）、介、副词、助动词。1)如果空格后面是句子，则考查关系词和连词 2)如果空格后面是短语，则考查介词 3)句子和短语的根本区别：是否有谓语、时态 有提示词，给出的提示词分别为动词、形容词/副词、名词、代词 1)确定句子“主谓宾”，2)借助上下文，确定需要填的单词的词性、形式和功能。句子 成分 主 谓 系 宾 表 定 状 补
3、Ive always loved the ocean.In the 56._(seven)grade,I started volunteering at the v.志愿志愿 Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic adj.不安的不安的 garbage,57._(think)it is food.n.垃圾垃圾 I decided to do something 58._(educate)people about this problem.I held p
4、resentations v.决定决定 v.教育教育 at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.I wanted to reach businesses too.I decided that if I learned of a company 59._ used a lot of plastic,Id send it an email urging it to cut back.One day,I saw a commercial for a health-care company.People in the ad were using plas
5、tic adj.商业的商业的 straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company 60._ emailed its president.I told him how 61._(harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using n.伤害伤害 more eco-friendly options.I was so 62._(excite)when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure t
6、hat the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic,Id send an email.One of the biggest 2/6 companies I wrote to 63._(be)Alaska Airlines.A company 64._(represent)wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 65._ plastic to paper cu
7、ps on all of its 1,200 daily flights.答案解析 In the 56._(seven)grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,57._(think)it is food.In the seventh grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in Califor
8、nia.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,thinking it is food.答案 56.seventh 考查数词-序数词。思路 当设在没有限定词的名词前在七年级时，这里用序数词固定搭配表达。解析 根据本句后 grade，挖空处为数词，序数词搭配为固定搭配。答案 57.thinking 考查非谓语动词-现在分词。思路 当挖空处句中已有谓语动词，挖空处前面又没有并列连词，所给的提示词是动词时，挖空处要填非谓语动词。要根据非谓语动词的用法确定其具体形式（to do,doing,done）。解析 本题是考
9、查非谓语动词，海洋动物和 think 之间存在主动关系，使用 thinking。I decided to do something 58._(educate)people about this problem.I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.I wanted to reach businesses too.I decided that if I learned of a company 59._ used a lot of plastic,Id send it an email urging i
10、t to cut back.I decided to do something to educate people about this problem.I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.I wanted to reach businesses too.I decided that if I learned of a company that/which used a lot of plastic,Id send it an email urging it to cut back.答案 58.to
11、 educate 考查非谓语动词-动词不定式 思路 当句子中已经有谓语动词，挖空处要填非谓语动词。要根据非谓语动词的用法确定其具体形式（to do,doing,done）。解析 根据分析句子成分可知，I decided to do 说明已经有谓语动词，to educate 表示目的。答案 59.that/which 考查从属连词-定语从句连词 思路 当在一个句子之中，空格处前是名词，且后面句子修饰此名词时，填从句连词且引导定语从句。根据从句得知这个从属连词充当定语从句的主语，且修饰物。解析 根据分析句子成分可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词 a company,先行词在从句中作主语,故应填 t
12、hat/which。3/6 One day,I saw a commercial for a health-care company.People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company 60._ emailed its president.I told him how 61._(harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly o
13、ptions.One day,I saw a commercial for a health-care company.People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company and emailed its president.I told him how harmful plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.答案
14、60.and 考查连词-并列连词 思路 若并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间没有连接词，可根据前后部分是并列关系（and）、选择关系（or）还是转折关系（but），填恰当的并列连词。解析 根据此处表示我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。空处前后的动作为顺承关系,故用 and 连接。答案 61.harmful 考查词性转换-名词转形容词 思路 若名词前面有空位，则这个空位上是一个形容词来修饰名词。解析 根据挖空处前 be 动词后接形容词作表语,根据该句中的 be 可知,空处用形容词形式。I was so 62._(excite)when he wrote back to me
15、.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic,Id send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63._(be)Alaska Airlines.I was so excited when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the
16、company cut its use of plastic straws in half.I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic,Id send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to was Alaska Airlines.答案 62.excited 考查词性转换-动词转换形容词 思路 若当空格处所需词类与提示词类不同时，需要词类转换。解析 挖空处 be 动词后形容人的感情，-ed 形容词后缀且修饰人的感情。答案 63.was 考查系谓语时态-一般过去时 思
17、路 当句子中缺少谓语动词时，给出提示动词就是谓语动词，要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。解析 空格前该句主语为One of the biggest companies,谓语动词应用单数形式;该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填 was A company 64._(represent)wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 65._ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.4/6 A company representative wr
18、ote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.答案 64.representative 考查词性转换-动词转换为名词 思路 若当空格处所需词类与提示词类不同时，需要词类转换。解析 根据该句的谓语动词wrote back可知,该处指一位公司代表,故用名词 representative。答案 65.from 考查介词搭配组合 思路 分析句子成分，如果空格后面是名词短语、动名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，则填
19、介词。解析 根据 from.to.为固定搭配,意为从到,该处指从塑料杯到纸杯,故填 from。语法填空考点自我检测卡 考点考查 题号 是否正确 原因分析 复数 所有格 名词 词性转化 64 时态 63 语态 谓语 主谓一致 63 to do 58 doing 57 非谓语 done 动词 词性转换 62 比较级或最高级 形容词 词性转化 61 实词(有提示)代词1 格的转换 冠词 a,an,the 固定搭配 65 介词 习惯用法 并列连词 60 虚词(无提示)连词 从属连词 定语从句 59 5/6 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 代词2 it 的用法 语境代词 不定代词 拓
20、展练习 一、词汇积累 1.volunteer v.志愿 2.upset adj.心烦意乱的 3.garbage n.垃圾 二、一词多义 mercial adj.商业的 commercial value 商业价值【2019 年 6 月高考天津卷】2.educate vt.教育 Parents have the responsibility to educate their children.家长有责任教育好自己的孩子。【2015广东期末卷】3.urge vt.催促 Environment experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags.
21、环境专家们呼吁大家重复利用并回收塑料瓶。【2017天津一模卷】三、词性变化 1.educate v.教育 educational adj.有教育性的 education n.教育 2.decide v.决定 decision n.决定 3.harmful adj.有害的 harm n.伤害 harmless adj.无害的 4.excited adj.兴奋的 exciting adj.令人兴奋的 excitement n.兴奋 四、介词短语 cut back 削减；修剪；1.家庭宣布了明年削减 10%购物开支的计划。The family has announced plans to cut b
22、ack on shopping spending by 10%next year.2.在提前消费以应对增值税上涨后，消费者可能会在 2010 年初削减支出。After bringing forward purchases to beat the VAT rise,consumers are likely to cut back in the early 2010.3.我们只得减产。We had to cut back production.五、翻译练习 6/6 I told him how harmful plastic could be to the environment and aske
23、d him to consider using more eco-friendly options.（英译汉）我告诉他塑料对环境有多大的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的选择。六、句子仿写 1.I decided to do something to educate people about this problem.2.I decided that I learned of a company【句式提取】表示“决定做某事”decide to do sb.decide that.【仿写练习】学生们可以决定寻求助教的指导。Students may decide to seek tutorial guidance.Students may decide that they would seek tutorial guidance.