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1、阅读理解B高考真题全方位解析+二次开发 (教师版)2022年全国甲卷体裁说明文梗概本篇文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。结构Para.1：凤头鹦鹉具备形状识别的能力。Para.2：通过使凤头鹦鹉和人类幼儿做比较，并做实验证明他们的形状识别能力。Para.3：对未来研究的展望 Goffins cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. 24Though
2、not known to use tools in the n. 形状识别wild, the birds have proved skillful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with 24Ca box with a nut inside it. The clear front of 24Cthe box had a 被提供某物“keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five di
3、fferently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.vt. 插入题干24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?解题步骤Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路定位标志的选择原则1) 明显定位标志：大写字母；数字；敏感词
4、(序数词，最高级，唯一性only, unique)。2) 核心概念定位：优先选择名词，最好所有名词都找到；其次形容词和副词，最后是动词。3) 定位词的同义替换。定位根据题干关键词cockatoos，in the experiment以及出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则，可以将答案定位到第一段。选项A. By following instructions.根据文章中第三句和第四句提到的是“the birds were given five differently shaped keys to choose from,” “Inserting the correct keys would let
5、out the nut.”这不是鸟儿按照说明进行操作，是鸟儿自己的选择，A选项属于曲解原文。B. By using a tool.根据文章第一句提出凤头鹦鹉具备形状识别的能力，第二句指出尽管还不知道凤头鹦鹉在野外是否会使用工具，但事实证明它们在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。这是实验结论(总结句)，第三句，第四句指出实验内容(细节句)。实验内容是为结论服务的，细节内容与总结句内容保持一致性。故选项B正确。C. By turning 24the box around.此选项利用第一段第三句和第四句出现“the box”设置干扰，考生不要看到原文原词就匆忙选定。C选项属于编造细节。D. By removi
6、ng the lid.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。答案指向句翻译24尽管还不知道凤头鹦鹉在野外是否会使用工具，但事实证明它们在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。 25In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a s
7、hape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is vt. 认出called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffins cockatoos were able to select 异中心参照系the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, n. 反复试验th
8、e cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffins cockatoos do vt. 表明indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.题干25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?解题步骤S
9、tep 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路本题题干定位词one-year-olds对应文章中第一句中around one year of age，由此确定第二段第一句为25题答案指向句。定位根据题干关键词human，one-year-olds可以将答案定位到第二段。选项A. Using a key to unlock a door.根据文章第二段第一句指出在人类中，孩子从一岁左右开始可以把圆形放到圆形洞里，不是Using a key to u
10、nlock a door (用钥匙开门)。此选项错误，曲解原文。B. Telling parrots from other birds.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。C. Putting a ball into a round hole.根据文章第二段第一句“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, 在人类中，孩子从一岁左右开始可以把圆形物放到圆形的洞里”得出一岁幼儿最有可能完成的任务是将一个球放到一个圆形的洞中。故选项C正确。D. Grouping toys o
11、f different shapes.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。答案指向句翻译25在人类中，孩子从一岁左右开始可以把圆形物放到圆形的洞里。26The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoosv. 弄清楚 whetheror 是否或rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 触觉题干26. What does
12、 the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?解题步骤Step 1：在题干中划出定位词。选多个词定位，以防一个词无法定位。Step 2：到文章里找出题干中的定位词。Step 3：通过定位词 (1-2个) 寻找答案指向句。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路根据题干关键词the follow-up test可以将答案定位到第三段。其中题干the follow-up test对应原文The next step，题干aim to find out对应原文中is to try and work out。定位根据题干关键词the follow
13、-up test可以将答案定位到第三段。其中题干the follow-up test对应原文The next step，题干aim to find out对应原文中is to try and work out。选项A. How far they are able to see.根据第三段第一句原文指出try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是否完全依赖视觉线索, 选项A利用How far they are able to see他们能看多远设置干扰。 A选项和原文指的不是一个意思。
14、无中生有。B. How they track moving objects.此选项内容文章没有提及。无中生有。C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.此选项不在定位段里。定位错误。D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.根据文章第三段第一句指出whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selection, 根据whethe
15、ror also是引导并列情况的连词结构，可知下一步实验的目标是use a sense of touch。故正确选项是D.答案指向句翻译26下一步，研究人员要尝试确定鹦鹉在选择形状时是完全依赖视觉线索，还是也会使用触觉感官。题干27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?解题步骤Step 1：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一段的主题句。Step 2：通过每一段的主题句，归纳总结文章主旨，然后与各选项对照。Step 3：确定与文章主旨大意相符的选项。Step 4：选择答案。解题思路文章的主旨通过主题句体现，文章标题题关键是找准主题句。主题句通常位于：1
16、) 段首。在议论文和说明文中，段落的第一句往往是主题句所在，它往往概括了文章的主要内容和信息。2) 段尾。先摆事实，后作结论。3) 段落中间。从文章细节开始，发展到结论。又进一步用细节支持说明。4) 无明显主题句。做此类题要抓住对细节描述，综合分析，然后归纳出文章主题。5) 在表达转折的but，however等词后。确定文章标题三出现原则：1) 关键词（主题句出现最多的词）一定要出现2) 细节内容不能出现3) 新内容不能出现定位文章标题题，是对文章主旨的高度概括。考查点在于让学生通过归纳总结，选出适合的文章的题目。此题可以通过总结各段段落大意得出文章标题。选项A. Cockatoos: Qui
17、ck Error Checkers凤头鹦鹉：快速错误检查器偏离文章主题B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners凤头鹦鹉：独立学习者偏离文章主题C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers凤头鹦鹉：聪明的信号阅读器偏离文章主题D. Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters根据本文是一篇介绍实验结论的说明文，实验结论是文章的主旨。第一段第一句，第二句是文章的主旨句。 其中原文第一句中shape-recognition abilities，原文第二句中skillful at tool use对应选项Skillful Sh
18、ape-Sorters，得知正确选项为D。答案指向句翻译24/27尽管还不知道凤头鹦鹉在野外是否会使用工具，但事实证明它们在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。拓展练习一、词汇积累1.recognize 词性vt. 词义 认出，辨认出2.insert 词性vt. 词义 插入，嵌入3.indicate 词性vt. 词义 表明4.possess 词性vt. 词义 具有（特质）5.group 词性vt. 词义 把.分组，分类6.track 词性vt. 词义 跟踪，追踪二、核心词汇（或短语）的同义替换1. indicate = show2. entirely = completely3. specific = p
19、articular三、词形变化（派生词）1. recognize v. 认出，辨认出 recognition n. 认识，承认 2. rely v. 依赖，依靠 reliable adj. 可依赖的 reliability n. 可靠3. possess v. 具有 possession n. 拥有，占有；所有物四、一词多义（请根据句意猜测划线词的词义）present 5 / 51. b Foreign observers were present at the meeting. 2. d At the present time, we have no explanation for this
20、.3. a Im looking for a present for Mike4. c She was presented with an award.a. 礼物b. 出席的，到场的c. 赠送，颁发，授予d. 当前的，目前的keep1. c I was struggling to keep awake. 2. d How do I know youll keep your word? 3. a keep on walking4. b We keep chickens and a lot of pigs.a. 继续，重复b. 饲养c. (使)保持，(使)处于d. 遵守，恪守五、作文素材积累The
21、 next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.【赏析】1. to try and work out to do不定式做表语2. work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues whether引导宾语从句【译文】据研究人员所说，下一步将尝试找出凤头鹦鹉是完全依赖视觉线索还是在选择形状时也使用了触觉。【仿写】1. 这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。The aim of the talent show is to enrich students extra-curricular activities.2. 我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university.