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1、第二节并列连词和三大从句对连接词的考查涉及到并列句和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。在书面表达中灵活运用三大从句也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。如何判断填连词解题攻略第一步：如何确定并列连词：如果两个单词、短语、句子相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系填并列连词。第二步：如何确定引导词：如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。典例印证典例2021新高考全国卷Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way u
2、p the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure _ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.分析：第一步：如何确定并列连词分析句子结构可知， highlights 与offers 是两个并列谓语。第二步：如何确定连词本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights和offers)，表示顺接关系，因此这里填并列连词。自主解答：_技法1并列连词关系分析法句型法当空格前后是两个并列成分， 如两个单词、短语、或主谓结构完整的句子等， 而且并列成分相互之间存在并列
3、、转折、选择、因果关系等时， 空格处一般填并列连词and, but, or等。典例导引1.2021浙江卷1月In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.22020新高考卷They kept their collection at ho
4、me until it got too big _ until they died，and then it was given to a museum.32021安阳市高三二模It was estimated that about 500 million people _ one-third of the worlds population of that time became infected with this virus.42021长春市高三质量监测一Grandpa Amu insists that he isnt an Internet celebrity (名人) _ just a
5、n ordinary farmer.5.One day, the cow was eating grass_it began to rain heavily.6Please send us postcards_we will know where you have visited.72020全国卷 Hardly had we arrived at the farm _ we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.快捷思维1.关系分析法分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。表示并列或递进关系的有：and, both .and .两
6、者都， not only .but (also) . 不但而且等。表示选择关系的有：or, either .or .或者或者； neither.nor.既不也不。表示转折或对比关系的有：but, while, not .but .等。表示因果关系的有：so, for等。2.句型法祈使句and/or陈述句。be doing sth. when.正在做某事这时be about to do sth. when.正要做某事这时had just done sth. when.刚做完某事这时hardly.when.一就技法2定语从句4步法确定关系词典例导引1.2021浙江卷1月BMI is an inte
7、rnationally recognized measurement tool _ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.22021天津卷3月William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from _ we can learn without repeating them.3.2021山西太原高三押宝题Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full o
8、f water, _ gives rise to great tasting fish and shrimps.42021广东省高考模拟测试二The Rio Carnival is without doubt something _ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.52020天津卷_ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.6.2021西安中学第二
9、次仿真练习In 2005, Mao Ge, _ specialized in architecture, started research into traditional houses.72021襄阳五中高三5月冲刺For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a place _ we must visit.82020全国卷In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.9.2021安徽师大附中5月卷The Japanese government and Tokyo El
10、ectric Power Company (TEPCO), the firm _ runs the site, have emphasized that the main radionuclide (放射性核) remaining is tritium (氚).102020天津5月高考Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, _ he gave it to his grandson.112021云南师大附中高三热身Two other letters are from a father to his children in T
11、orquay, _ the museum believes they may have escaped.快捷思维第一步：确定是定语从句分析句子结构，设空处是无提示词， 设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。第二步：分清限制与非限制在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”；as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表时间、地点、还是原因)先行词指人：that/w
12、ho/whom/whose；先行词指物：that/which/whose等；表时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词缺少主语：that/which/who；缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；缺少定语：whose；缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when, where, why。技法3名词性从句搞定名词性从句5方向设空处无提示词，先确定主句主谓结构，再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、表语或同位语。典例导引1.2019全国卷The polar bear is foun
13、d in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 22021宜春市高三模拟Tourist destinations in Europe are confident _ the strong growth of Chinas
14、 winter sports industry will benefit their economies.3.2021陕西省宝鸡市高三联考But there is some debate over _ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.42017天津高考改编She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.5.2021新高考卷Going to Mount
15、Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song “The Long and Winding Road”_ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.62020天津7月高考The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.7.2021厦门市第三次质量检测However, recent research from Harvard M
16、edical School has shown that, on average, approximately 4，400 steps a day is enough to significantly reduce the risk of death in women. This was _ it was compared to only walking around 2，700 steps daily.82021福州一中第四次适应性考试Natural bird habitats are most commonly found _ there is an ample supply of wat
17、er for drinking, swimming, and bathing.9.2021大连市二模It is likely _ FAST will help make many new Nobel-level discoveries.102021黔东南州高考模拟It is warned _ the pandemic could create a “lost” generation who will be affected by “lifelong” mental illnesses.快捷思维方向一：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整分析句子结构，不缺任何成分且句子意义完整， 考虑that引导同位语
18、从句、表语从句和that引导的宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。方向二：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整分析句子结构， 不缺任何成分，且引导词表示是否， 考虑whether引导名词性从句，if可以用于引导宾语从句。方向三： 从句中缺少主/宾/表语分析句子结构，缺少主语、宾语、表语：用连接代词what，who, whom, which, whatever等。方向四： 从句中缺少状语缺少状语(结合句意判断)：用连接副词where (表地点)，when (表时间)，how (表方式)，why (表原因)等。方向五：it句型It beadj.主语从句It be过去分词 that 从句It
19、be名词词组(a pity; a surprise; good news) that从句技法4状语从句句意法固定句式法典例导引1.2021贵州省适应性测试Every day Mei watched them _ they flew, which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so important to his art.22019天津高考改编Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _ he wants their sup
20、port.32021福建省莆田市5月模拟In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain. _ they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost for them.4.2021全国卷乙It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _ the late 1980s.During that time，increasing environmental a
21、wareness made it desirable.52017北京高考改编If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _ you figure it out.62020浙江1月高考I was running so fast _ I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.72021河南省高考适应性练习_ or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role
22、 in the citys evolution(演变).快捷思维1.句意法确定状语从句引导词while/when/as/since引导的时间状语从句before/after引导的时间状语从句if/unless/once 引导的条件状语从句though/although引导的让步状语从句where引导的地点状语从句whether.or.引导的让步状语从句2.固定句式法状语从句引导词so/such.that.如此以至于not.until.直到才It will/wont be一段时间before.过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就It is some time(一段时间)since.自从多长时间whet
23、her.or not.无论还是，引导让步状语从句Test 12021河北省九校联考Wang Hongmei, a master in the Forbidden City, specializes in restoring damaged paintings. “I found conservation of paintings extremely 1._ (challenge) in the beginning when I often had to stand for hours all day long due to the nature of the work，” Wang 2._ (
24、recall). “Commitment and time 3._ (gradual) calmed down my heart.”It takes a seasoned restorer like Wang a whole year 4._ (restore) just three to four paintings. Sometimes the work could take even 5._ (long). A painting over 170 square meters in size, 6._ was created for Emperor Qianlong for his ret
25、irement, was worn. Wang and her colleagues spent five years restoring the painting to its previous brilliance.“These treasures are not simply individual items, 7._ legacies (遗产) of the craft and spirit passed on by the artists, collectors and restorers of the past，” Qu Feng, one of Wangs 8._ (workma
26、te), said. “Strengthened conservation efforts symbolize increasing national power and 9._ (proud). If we can protect our cultural heritage to the best of our abilities, our nation will come to believe 10._ itself more firmly.”Due to the efforts by the masters in the Forbidden City, the public now ca
27、n have a further understanding of cultural heritage.Test 22021河南省高考适应性测试Some teachers are so inspirational (鼓舞人心的) that their influence lives on long after their death. This is true of the Chinese philosopher Confucius, 1._ he may be one of the most quoted (引用) people in history.Confucius 2._ (think
28、) education should be for all people. This made him stand out in ancient China. At that time, it was mostly royal and wealthy 3._ (family) that educated their children. Confucius believed everyone should be able to learn about the world and improve himself.In politics, Confucius set his humanist ide
29、as into action. He 4._ (quick) learned that many people in power werent ready for his ideas. He wandered through China, 5._ (look) for other places he could help. Several of his students followed him.After returning home, Confucius continued teaching. This is also when Confucius did much of his writ
30、ing. Today, many people learn about Confucius 6._ reading The Analects. Thats where Confuciuss version of The Golden Rule shows up, 7._ says, “Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself.”Confucius wrote parts of The Analects. Other parts 8._ (write) by his students after his death. It
31、 was also after his death 9._ Confuciuss ideas became known as Confucianism. Confucianism is more like a way to look at the world. It pushes people 10._ (have) self-discipline and a love for humanity. Today, Confucianism influences many people across the world. It is most common in Asian cultures.第二
32、节并列连词和三大从句典例答案：and命题专家授策略技法11答案与解析：and考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用and连接两个并列的宾语从句，作found的宾语。2答案与解析：or句意：他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两种可能性，应使用连词or“或者”。3答案与解析：or考查并列连词。此处意为：大约5亿人或者说当时世界人口的三分之一感染了这个病毒。空格前后为选择性并列关系。4答案与解析：but句意：阿木爷爷坚称自己不是网红，只是一个普通的农民。not.but.“不是而是”为固定用法。5答案与解析：when句意：
33、一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然下起了大雨。be doing sth. when.是固定结构，意为“正在做某事这时”。6答案与解析：and此题考查“祈使句and/or陈述句”句式。7答案与解析：when句意：我们刚到农场，就看见橘子挂满枝头。此题考查“hardly.when.刚就”句式。技法21答案与解析：that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是tool，关系词在从句中作主语。故用that/which。2答案与解析：which句意：William Hastie曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的
34、定语从句。故填which指代先行词past mistakes。3答案与解析：which考查定语从句。句意：由于降雨量的大量增加，河流充满了水，这就产生了美味的鱼和虾。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。4答案与解析：that句意：毫无疑问，狂欢节是每个人都应该添加到他或她的愿望清单上的东西。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词something。故用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。5答案与解析：As句意：正如第四段所述，当你安静地坐在角落里看一本好书时，带着你的孩子看半个小时的故事是一种放松。As“正如”
35、符合语境。6答案与解析：who句意：2005年，建筑专业的毛葛开始进行传统建筑方面的研究工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为Mao Ge，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句。7答案与解析：that/which句意：张家界是一个我们一定要去的地方。分析句子可知，此句为限定性定语从句，先行词为a place，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。8答案与解析：whose句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语。故应用关系代词whose。9答案与解析：that/which
36、句意：日本政府和运营该核电站的东京电力公司都强调，剩余的主要放射性核素是氚。此处为定语从句修饰先行词firm，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。10答案与解析：when句意：史密斯先生持有这幅油画到20世纪90年代初，同年他把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“the early 1990s”， 并在从句中作时间状语。故填when。11答案与解析：where句意：另外两封信是一位父亲写给他在托基的孩子们的，博物馆认为他们可能已经逃到了托基。 _ the museum believes they may have escaped.是一个非限制性
37、定语从句，修饰先行词Torquay，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。技法31答案与解析：that考查同位语从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence的具体内容，空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故填连接词that。2答案与解析：that句意：欧洲旅游目的地对中国的冬季运动产业很有信心，认为中国冬季运动产业的强劲增长对他们的经济有益。此处考查的是句型be confident that.，宾语从句不缺成分，that仅起连接作用，无实义。3答案与解析：whether考查宾语从句。句意：但是，在18世纪的时候，究竟是诺拉还是阿拉巴马州的莫比尔举
38、办了第一次狂欢节，这还存在一些争论。空处引导宾语从句，根据后文“it was NOLA or Mobile”可知为whether.or.，表示“是还是”。4答案与解析：if/whether考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，但句意不完整，故用if或whether表示“是否”。5答案与解析：What考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“的事物”。本空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。6答案与解析：what考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作sai
39、d的宾语。故填what。7答案与解析：when句意：这是与每天只走2700步相比的时候。表语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，根据句意可知，此处是指这是与每天只走2700步相比的时候，平均每天大约4400步足以显著降低女性的死亡风险。所以应用when引导表语从句。8答案与解析：where句意：天然的鸟类栖息地最常见的地方是有充足的饮用水，游泳和洗澡的水供应。设空处引导地点状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。9答案与解析：that句意：FAST很可能会帮助许多新的诺贝尔级别的发现。此处为句型“it be likely that”，表示“可能”，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。10答案与解析：th
40、at句意：有人警告说，大流行病可能造成“迷失的一代”，他们将受到“终生”精神疾病的影响。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用只起连接作用的that。技法41答案与解析：as/when句意：每天梅婧都看着它们飞翔，这帮助他发展了富有表现力的眼部运动，这对他的艺术非常重要。as/when引导时间状语从句， 意为“当时候”， 符合语境。2答案与解析：unless考查状语从句。句意：汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。根据语境可知，这里用从属连词unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”。3答案与解析：Although/Though/While句意：虽然他们使我们
41、的生活更方便，但他们要付出很大代价。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，设空处为引导词。故填Although/Though/While。4答案与解析：until考查特殊句式。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才作为一个旅游概念被人们广泛接受。根据句意和句中的not可知，本空填until。not.until.“直到才”。5答案与解析：until考查状语从句。句意：如果你不明白某件事情，你可以研究、学习，也可以与其他人谈谈，直到弄明白为止。until引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”。6答案与解析：that考查状语从句。句意：我跑得如此快以至于我撞到树干上被弹回来，仰面朝天摔倒在地上。根据句意可知
42、，空格处及后面的内容为that引导的结果状语从句。故填that。7答案与解析：Whether句意：不管你是否同意，这句话确实反映了它在城市发展中的重要作用。whether.or not.无论还是， 符合语境。随堂落实创新应用体验Test 1语篇类型：新闻报道主题语境：人与社会文物保护故宫文物修复工作【文章大意】本文主要介绍了故宫文物修复工作的相关内容。1答案与解析：challenging考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法“find名词形容词”。所以空处需要填challenging。2答案与解析：recalled考查谓语动词的时态。根据语境和8空后的said可知，空处需要用一般过去时
43、。故填recalled。3答案与解析：gradually考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的动词短语calmed down，需要用副词。所以空处填gradually。4答案与解析：to restore考查非谓语动词。此句采用了固定句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，据此可知，此处需要用动词不定式。所以填to restore。5答案与解析：longer考查副词比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示有时这项工作会花费甚至更长时间。故用副词long的比较级longer。6答案与解析：which考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物
44、的名词A painting，空处在从句中作主语。所以填关系词which。7答案与解析：but考查连词。此处表示“这些宝物不仅仅是独特的物品，而且是过去的艺术家、收藏家和修复师传下来的手艺和精神遗产”。故此处需要用but。8答案与解析：workmates考查名词复数。此处考查“one of可数名词复数”，意为“之一”，所以空处需要填workmates。9答案与解析：pride考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处与前面的名词power并列，所以空处需要填名词pride。10答案与解析：in考查介词。此处表示“我们的祖国会更加坚定地相信自己”，由此可知此处考查固定表达believe in sb.，意
45、为“相信，信任”。所以空处需要填in。Test 2语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会伟大人物孔子及其思想【文章大意】本文主要介绍了孔子在教育、政治等方面的思想以及论语的形成和影响。1答案与解析：and考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前是一个完整的句子，空后也是一个完整的句子，因此空处需要一个连词。根据句意“中国哲学家孔子就是这样，他可能是历史上被引用最多的人之一”可知，前后句之间形成并列。所以空处需要填and。2答案与解析：thought考查谓语动词的时态。本句讲到的是孔子的想法，表过去，需要用一般过去时。所以空处需要填thought。3答案与解析：families考查名词复数。根据下文中的“their children”可知，空处讲的应该是很多家庭。所以空处需要填families。4答案与解析：quickly考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的动词learned，需要用副词。所以空处需要填quickly。5答案与解析：looking考查非