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1、第三讲谓语非谓语妙法应对玩转百变动词动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)及词性转换。第一节谓语动词(时态、语态与主谓一致)如何判断填谓语动词解题攻略第一步：确定是否作谓语首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。第二步： 若填谓语动词， 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
2、看人称和数， 确保主谓一致典例印证典例2021全国卷甲The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It _41_ (build) originally to protect the city 42.in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).分析：第一步：确定填谓语。分析句子成分可知，空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。第二步：考虑时
3、态、语态和主谓一致。有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it (the Xian City Wall)”与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。自主解答：_ 技法1提示词为动词时， 确定时态的四根据典例导引1.2021新高考全国卷You cant help wondering how hard it _ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 解析：考查时态。 句中有时间状语then, 因此这里说的是当初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上(即做成石头台阶)很难
4、。自主解答：_2.2020全国卷When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _ (point) down the river.解析：考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语，故用一般过去时。自主解答：_3.2020浙江卷7月This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes be
5、gan. New methods _ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.解析：考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主谓关系，同时结合前两句的时态为一般过去时，故填meant。自主解答：_4.2021沈阳监测This was the first time I _ (experience) sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.解析：此题考查固定句式 “This was the first time that sb.had done sth.”因此，从句用
6、过去完成时。自主解答：_快捷思维1.慧眼识别标志词在题干中，yesterday，tomorrow，always，since，in the past few years，so far等都是判定动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。2.瞻前顾后找并列表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and，but，not only .but also 引导的句子时态相呼应，应该一致。3.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。4.通过“常用句式”解决时态问题掌握常
7、用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。【技法点金】牢记常见固定句式中的时态1was/were doing. when一般过去时2was/were about to do.when一般过去时3had (just) done.when一般过去时4Hardlyhad主语done.when一般过去时5No soonerhad主语done.when一般过去时6This/That/It is the序数词timethat现在完成时7This/That/It was the 序数词timethat过去完成时8It is/has been时间段since一般过去时【过
8、关检测】12021西安中学第二次仿真练习Since the 1980s, with the quickening of urbanization, many traditional houses _ (disappear).22021泰安市第四次模拟The beautiful scenery and various traditional customs of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (行政区) _ (bring) great resources to the local tourism industry in the past decade. 3
9、2021辽宁省“名校交流”联考That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at present _ (push) medical advances forward at pace.42020浙江7月By about 6000 BC, people _ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.52020江苏高考改编There, he not only did well as a student b
10、ut also _ (become) an accomplished public speaker.62021江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考As a result, as the number of qubits (量子位) _ (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.72021梧州一模I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _ (feel) better.”82021济宁模拟Therefore, it is high time
11、that we _ (take) effective measures to improve the current situation.技法2提示词为动词时，明确逻辑关系定语态典例导引1.2021全国甲卷The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It 61._ (build) originally to protect the city 62.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (
12、修复).解析：考查时态语态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与主语it构成动宾关系，故用被动语态；且根据originally可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。自主解答：_2.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, _ (sell) well.解析：根据句意可知， sell在此处表示事物所具有的特征， 应用主动形式。自主解答：_快捷思维分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语， 与主语之间是主动关系时， 应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系， 则考虑用被动语态。分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓
13、语， 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时， 应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。【过关检测】12021银川市高三考前适应性训练一Newly-developed robotic arms _ (show) on Tuesday in east Chinas Anhui Province.22021安徽师大附中5月模拟Much of the existing water _ (filter) already by a process designed to remove more than 62 radioactive contaminants.32021成都市一诊模拟Born in 712, Du Fu l
14、ived through the violent fall of Chinas brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life _ (destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755.42020浙江1月高考People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should _ (place) on longevity (长寿).52021成都七中高三热身Almost an
15、ything could _ (paint) on zheshan, but the most popular ones usually featured landscapes.6The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, _ (sell) out here.技法3提示词为动词时， 确定主谓一致的三原则典例导引1.2020新高考山东卷Often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display. Most of it is
16、 stored away or used for research.解析：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为“only a small part of a museums collection”，是单数形式，故此处用is。自主解答：_2.2021厦门市质量检测Walking to work, taking part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also _ (work) to easily get more physical act
17、ivity.解析：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。并列主语用or连接时，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。“meeting with friends for a walk”为动名词，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数。自主解答：_3.The family as well as their dog _ (trap) on the roof by the flood yesterday.解析：分析句子结构可知， trap在句中作谓语， 主语是the family, 在此指的是一家人， 根据意义一致原则， 应用复数形式。自主解答：_快捷思维分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 要考虑语法
18、一致原则确定谓语动词单复数。牢记：1可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2v.-ing 作主语， 谓语用单数。1.就近原则：由or; either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。2就远原则：主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except，along with，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语， 主语是集体名词时， 要考虑主谓一致
19、原则确定其单复数。集体名词看作整体时， 谓语用单数形式， 看作个体时， 谓语用复数形式。【过关检测】12021咸阳市高考模拟Even though there _ (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus away from your studies.22021新乡市三模What you see now _ (be) just the shadow of a larger ancestral distribution.32021山西太原高三押宝题Grain Buds, (
20、Chinese: 小满), the 8th solar term of a year，_ (mean) that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe.42021湖北省黄冈市高三调研Practicing, to sum up, _ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well.52021湖南长郡中学模拟The traditional Chinese marriage usually _ (invol
21、ve) some necessary procedures，such as match-making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows.62021宁波九校联考Its said that not getting enough sleep _ (lead) to poor judgment，lack of creativity，and even depression.Test 12021昆明市高三“三诊一模”The idea of inviting the public to take part in scientific studies is
22、 known as “citizen science”. Anyone 1._ helps scientists do the job is called a “citizen scientist”. What can you get if you become a citizen scientist?A sense of purpose! Citizen science projects can help you make good use of 2._ (you) time.Fun times! You never know what might 3._ (find).More educa
23、tion! Learn about some 4._ (attract) things while doing scientific jobs.When youre having fun in the park and see a bird, why not take a picture of it? With a simple click, you could be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural History Museum has 5._ app. People can upload sounds, 6._ (photo) and locatio
24、ns of animals if they see them around their city. Scientists can use these data 7._ (study) city animals and better protect them.In fact, people just like you can help out with many scientific studies. For example, scientists always spend many years 8._ (discover) every kind of ladybug (瓢虫) in the w
25、orld. But if we share our own pictures of ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much 9._ (fast). As one old saying goes, “Many hands make light work.”Of course, there is more to study than just animals. There are many other fun projects, such 10._ watching stars and clouds, counting penguins
26、and even listening to laughs. Youll find that science is fun and is for everyone!Test 22021贵阳市学期监测“A wonderful experience. The staff at the hotel made everything easy and comfortable. We only had a long weekend, and wish it had been 1._ (long). Im already wondering 2._ I can visit again，” Karen B, a
27、 tourist from Australia, describes her stay at Tea Cozy on TripAdvisor. The “hotel” she is referring to is 3._ (actual) a homestay (家庭寄宿) in Yangshuo, which now 4._ (have) around 1，000 homestays.As one of Chinas early tourist destinations to open up to the world in the early 1980s, Yangshuo got 5._
28、(it) first homestay in the mid-1980s. It has now grown into an industry. Wu Jianyuan, a 30-year-old from Jiwodu village in Yangshuo returned 6._ her hometown to work as a front desk manager at a homestay after 7._ (gain) experience of working in hotels in Guangdong and Jiangsu 8._ (province). “The p
29、ayment is better here. Life and work are stable, and Yangshuo is not only 9._ beautiful place, but my home too，” she says. Wu is one of the many workers from Yangshuo who returned to work in her hometown.The tourism industry is recovering quickly as the COVID-19 has largely 10._ (control) in China.
30、The booking rate at homestays in Yangshuo, particularly the high-end ones, has almost returned to the pre-pandemic level.第三讲谓语非谓语妙法应对玩转百变动词第一节谓语动词(时态、语态与主谓一致)典例答案：was built命题专家授策略技法11答案：was2答案：pointed3答案：meant4答案：had experienced过关检测1答案与解析：have disappeared考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：20世纪80年代以来，城镇化进程不断加快，许多传统建筑已经
31、消失了。根据时间状语Since the 1980s可知，句子的时态应该用现在完成时，该句的主语是many traditional houses，为复数概念。所以用have done。2答案与解析：have brought考查动词时态。句意：凉山彝族自治州美丽的风景和丰富的传统习俗，在过去的十年里为当地的旅游业带来了巨大的资源。根据后文“in the past decade”可知应用现在完成时，主语为The beautiful scenery and various traditional customs，助动词用have。3答案与解析：is pushing句意：这一前景可能还需要数年时间才能实
32、现，但目前生物打印带来的快速打印功能正在推动医学进步的步伐。表示动作目前正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为rapid typing，谓语动词用单数。4答案与解析：had discovered分析句子成分可知，简单句中除了提示词外无其他谓语动词，且主语和提示词之间为主动关系，本句中时间标志词By about 6000 BC为“by过去时间点”结构，意为“到为止”，句子应该用过去完成时。5答案与解析：became分析句子结构可知，not only与but also连接的是两个并列谓语，not only后用了一般过去时(did)，but also后也应该使用一般过去时(became)。6答案与解析：i
33、ncreases句意：因此，随着量子位的增加，量子计算机的计算能力也随之提高。根据句意可知，句子为as引导的时间状语从句，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，increase意为“增加”，动词词性，句中“the number of”意为“的数量”，后接名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故空格处应用increase的三单形式increases。7答案与解析：will feel此题考查固定句式：祈使句and/or陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。8答案与解析：took/should take句意： 因此，采取一些必要措施来改善这种情况已经是当务之急的时候了。此处考查固定句式“Its (high) tim
34、e that .did/should do sth.”。技法21答案：was built2答案：sells过关检测1答案与解析：were shown考查动词时态及语态。句意：新研发的机械臂周二在中国东部的安徽省展出。由句中的时间状语 on Tuesday 及主语 robotic arms和show之间为动宾关系可知，这里应该用一般过去时的被动语态。2答案与解析：has been filtered考查动词时态和语态。句意：现有的大部分水已经经过了过滤处理，目的是去除超过62种放射性污染物。根据后文already可知应用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为Muc
35、h of the existing water，助动词用has。3答案与解析：was destroyed句意：他有报效祖国的愿望，但755年的安史之乱毁了他的生命。此处缺乏谓语，由时间状语the An Lushan Rebellion of 755可知，时态用一般过去时，主语his life和谓语destroy是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)，主语his life是单数，谓语也用单数形式。4答案与解析：be placed由短语place greater attention on可知，attention 与place之间是被动关系。故用被动语态。5答案与解析：be
36、 painted考查语态。句意：折扇上几乎什么都可以画，但最受欢迎的通常是风景画。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，并且接在情态动词后，要用原形。故填be painted。6答案与解析：have been sold根据句意可知， sell在此处强调动作， 指书“已经买完”，应用现在完成时的被动语态。技法31答案：is2答案：works3答案：were trapped过关检测1答案与解析：are句意：即使在城市里有更多的外出和做有趣的事情的机会，这可能会分散你学习的注意力。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，根据there be句型中的主语“more opportuni
37、ties”可知应用are。2答案与解析：is考查时态及主谓一致。 句意：“你现在看到的只是更大规模祖先分布的影子。”该空be作谓语，该句描述现在看到的现状；what引导主语从句，谓语动词应使用单数形式。3答案与解析：means考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：小满是一年中的第8个节气，意味着谷粒饱满但尚未成熟。分析可知，设空处为主句谓语动词，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为Grain Buds，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。4答案与解析：is句意：总之，对于那些决心学好知识的人来说，实践是最重要的。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Practicing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。5答案
38、与解析：involves考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语“The traditional Chinese marriage”为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。6答案与解析：leads从句中主语“not getting enough sleep”是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。所以填leads。随堂落实创新应用体验Test 1语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会社会生活公众科学【文章大意】公众科学描述的是公众和职业科学家之间的合作关系。本文主要介绍了公众科学给市民带来的益处。1答案与解析：w
39、ho/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Anyone。所以填入who/that。2答案与解析：your考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词time。所以填入形容词性物主代词your。3答案与解析：be found考查语态。你从不知道什么可能会被发现。find和从句主语what是被动关系。所以填入be found。4答案与解析：attractive考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为形容词，修饰代词things作定语。所以填入attractive。5答案与解析：an考查冠词。app是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词
40、修饰，且app的发音以元音音素开头。所以填入an。6答案与解析：photos考查名词单复数。photo是可数名词，且空前无限定词，故用复数形式。所以填入photos。7答案与解析：to study考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语。8答案与解析：discovering考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配。所以填入discovering。9答案与解析：faster考查副词比较级。much，far，even，still等副词经常修饰形容词或副词的比较级。所以填入faster。10答案与解析：as考查固定搭配。such as“例如”是固定搭配。Test 2
41、语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会旅游阳朔的民宿【文章大意】本文主要介绍了作为中国早期对外开放的旅游目的地之一，阳朔的旅游产业发展良好，吸引了更多年轻人回乡就业，其民宿也获得了游客的盛赞。1答案与解析：longer考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示“我们只有一个长周末，我们希望这个周末可以更长一些”，需要用形容词比较级。所以空处需要用longer。2答案与解析：when/whether/if考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，此处表示“我已经在想什么时候/是否还可以再来这里”。故空处需要填when/whether/if。3答案与解析：actually考查副词。分析句子结构可
42、知，此处修饰谓语动词is，需要用副词。所以空处需要填actually。4答案与解析：has考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作从句的谓语，根据其前的时间状语now可知，此处需要用一般现在时；主语为which，指代Yangshuo，表单数概念。所以空处需要填has。5答案与解析：its考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的名词homestay，需要用形容词性物主代词。所以空处需要填its。6答案与解析：to考查介词。此处表示“返回她的家乡”，故此处需要用固定搭配 return to.“返回”。7答案与解析：gaining考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处跟在介词afte
43、r之后，需要用动词的-ing形式。所以空处需要填gaining。8答案与解析：provinces考查名词复数。province是一个可数名词，根据前面的“Guangdong and Jiangsu”可知，这里提到了两个省份，需要用可数名词复数。所以空处需要填provinces。9答案与解析：a考查冠词。此处泛指“一个美丽的地方”，且beautiful的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处需要填不定冠词a。10答案与解析：been controlled考查谓语动词的时态和语态。由空前的“has”及语境可知，此处表示在中国，新冠肺炎疫情在很大程度上已经被控制住，故用现在完成时和被动语态，空前已经有“has”。所以空处需要填been controlled。