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1、第五讲特殊句式【典题试做】1(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.2(全国卷)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, make(make) sure
2、 its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.在语法填空中强调句是高考考查的重点，倒装句是高考书面表达的得分点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的主谓一致也是高考考查的重点项目。 【典题试做】(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” TurningTurn1倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用；2强调句型中it或that的误用；3感叹句中wh
3、at和how 的误用；4祈使句中动词原形的误用；5There be句型中be动词单复数的误用。 强调句1陈述句式：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat其他？(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。(四川卷)Was it on a lonel
4、y island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？2not.until.的强调句：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他(注意时态)(湖南卷)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。名师点津(1)当强调句的特
5、殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。(2)强调谓语动词，用do/does/did动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。倒装句完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时部分倒装否定副词(never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldo
6、m, rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等)置于句首时only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时部分倒装“so/neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”表示“也是如此/也不”“Not only部分倒装， but also.”表示“不仅而且”not until.置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装Soadj./adv.部分倒装that./Such(a/an)adj.n.部分倒装that.表示“如此以至于”(江苏卷)Not until recently did they encou
7、rage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。(湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。(四川卷)We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们
8、发笑的。(陕西卷)John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。其他特殊句式(一)省略1状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。(湖南卷)Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.孩子在
9、父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。2不定式的省略(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。(江苏卷)Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。(2)but用作介词，意为“除之外”时，前面有实义动词do, 后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时
10、，后接不定式时，不能省略 to。(陕西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。名师点津特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理)：if so如果这样的话if not 并非如此if ever 如果曾经有的话if necessary 如果有必要的话if possible 如果可能的话if any 如果有的话(二)感叹句1what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an(adj.)可数名词单数主语谓语！(2)What(a
11、dj.)不可数名词/可数名词复数主语谓语！2how引导的感叹句(1)Howadj./adv.主语谓语！(2)Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！(3)How主语谓语！(辽宁卷)What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before.多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。(三)祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议
12、、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。Do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。(四)there be句型(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。There have been
13、 many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。(2)there be句型的常考句型：There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。There
14、is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难。There is no possibility of (doing) sth./that.(做)某事没有可能性。巧解特殊句式一、熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他”，其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。二、巧用还原法，化难为易对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能
15、降低解题难度。.单句语法填空1(2020天津和平一模)Around this point develops(develop) the story, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor.2(2020天津部分区质调)Its nice.Never before have I had such a delicious meal!Im glad you enjoy it.3(2020北京朝阳二模)So red was her coat that it stood out against the snow.4He offered to g
16、et my suitcase out of the trunk.I collected it and walked away. So did he.5During the visiting, we were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless allowed(allow) to.6(2020四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill lies(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.7(2020江苏四市调研)
17、One has reason to believe that Chinas anticorruption over the past few years, tough as/though it is, has achieved inspiring progress.8(2020天津河西质调)Is it he or you who/that are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?9(2020牡丹江一中摸底)What fun it is to have a cold drink after an exciti
18、ng game!10(2020西安八校联考)As far as I can see, there is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.单句改错1His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out how it is he is trying to express. howwhat2He hasnt slept at all for four days.There is no wonder that he is worn out. ThereI
19、t3(2020广东六校联盟联考)Making sure those kids and their families are safe, because living in a cave provides a different environment. MakingMake4Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. 在I前加did5It was a year ago when Joshua got a bike at Christmas, and he rode it every day. whenth
20、at6Video games can be a poor influence if leaving in the wrong hands. leavingleft7There appears to have little enthusiasm for your idea. havebe8(2020郑州高三质量预测)What attractive and inviting Hangzhou is！WhatHow9(2020青岛模拟)There have some pieces of information that Id like to share with you.haveare10It is
21、 not who is right but what is right which is of importance. whichthat.语法填空(2020怀化一模)The MidAutumn Day is a very important traditional festival in China.It takes its name from the fact that it 1.is_celebrated(celebrate) in the middle of the autumn season.The MidAutumn Festival falls on the 15th day o
22、f the 2.eighth(eight) lunar month.The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at that time of the year the moon is at its roundest and 3.brightest(bright)It is an evening celebration in 4.which families gather together and eat moon cakes.Besides，5.to_make(make) the house more beautiful, people will ha
23、ng red lanterns in front of it.On that day, people look back on the past and look forward to the future together.Children will play with their own 6.toys(toy) and enjoy themselves.The MidAutumn Festival celebrations date back 7.to more than 2，000 years ago.The word “MidAutumn” first 8.appeared(appea
24、r) in the famous ancient book Zhou Li.However, it was not until the early Tang Dynasty 9.that people celebrated the day as a traditional festival.It became an 10.officially(official) established festival during the Song Dynasty, and has become as popular as the Spring Festival since the Ming and Qin
25、g Dynasties.Celebrations have continued ever since and more customs for marking this occasion have been formed.短文改错(2020漳州质检)Dear friends，Good morning! Today I want to talk on you about public morals.Nowadays we can still see some behavior against public morals.Which is often the case, people tend t
26、o talk loudly in public places, annoyed others around.Littering rubbish can be seeing everywhere.In an addition, its common the young sit on the bus while the elderly stand.Measures must be taken to change this situation.First of all, as student, we should manage our own behavior and help people aro
27、und us form well habits.Meanwhile, it was necessary for the government and public organizations to encourage people to behave proper.Thats all.Thanks for your attention!答案：Dear friends，Good morning! Today I want to talk you about public morals.Nowadays we can still see some behavior against public m
28、orals. is often the case, people tend to talk loudly in public places, others around.Littering rubbish can be everywhere.In addition, its common the young sit on the bus while the elderly stand.Measures must be taken to change this situation.First of all, as ， we should manage our own behavior and help people around us form habits.Meanwhile, it necessary for the government and public organizations to encourage people to behave .Thats all.Thanks for your attention!