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1、关系副词1. 常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)2. 意义及作用关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when名词，表时间时间状语why名词，表原因原因状语where名词，表地点地点状语Ill never forget the day(that/which)we spent together last week.我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天。Ill never forget the day when I got to know you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天。I dont like the way(that/in which)he talks.我不喜欢他
2、谈话的方式。Do you know the reason why(for which)he was so sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？【注意】 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的 “介词which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。 Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink? 你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句 主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型 为：The reason why.is tha
3、t.或The reason that.is that.。 The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to school. 他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital. 他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。 “地点模糊”的先行词后跟whe
4、re引导的定语从句。当先行词为 point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的 阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定语从句, where 相当于from which, under which等, 表示“在这种情况下”, “从中”等。 Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 我们只是尽力想能达到双方共
5、同坐下来商谈的地步。3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语, 就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词。The house where he lives needs repairing. which/that he lives in 他住的房子需要修理。Have you asked her for the reason that/which my explain her absence? why she was absent? 你是否问过她缺席的原因？辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因
6、。 I dont like the man who always speaks ill of others. 我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。 I will never forget the days when we worked together. 我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。A dictionary is a book that gives the meanings of words. 词典是解释词语意思的书。A dictionary is a book, which gives the meanings of words. 词典是一本书, 它给出
7、词语的意思。判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语, 取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。This is the point where I disagree. 这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用where。)This is the point (which/that) I disagree with. 这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语, 用that/which引导, 也可以省略)经典解析 1.（2020天津卷一单项填空） Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, _he gave
8、it to his grandson.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是theearly 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。2. （2020.新课标卷. 语法填空）Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above
9、the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。3.（2019江苏卷单项填空）We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
10、 A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。【答案】C4.（2018江苏卷单项填空）Self-drivingisanarea_Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.A. that B. where C. which D. when【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词
11、为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。5.（2018新课标II卷短文改错）They also had a small pond which they raised fish.【参考答案】which前加in 或which改为where 【试题解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may
12、 be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。【易错提醒】当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：Do you remember the days when we chatt
13、ed with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）7. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in which。故选B。