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1、高考英语语法复习 时态一、时态基础1. 时态的定义:时态是表示行为,动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。2. 时态的种类:英语时态总共16种。3. 时态的结构:以动词do为例列表如下:体态时间现在过去将来过去将来一般I doI didI will doI would do进行I am doingI was doingI will be doingI would be doing完成I have doneI had doneI will have doneI would have done完成进行I have been doingI had been doingI will have been
2、 doingI would have been doing二、一般现在时1. 形式:am/is/are; do/does2. 一般现在时的构成及动词变化一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:情况规则例词一般情况加-seat-eats, rise-rises以s, sh, ch, x, o, z结尾的动词加-esdiscuss-discussesteach-teaches以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词变y为iescarry-carriesfly-flies3.重要考点:考点1:表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经
3、常性或习惯性的动作,多用实义动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用如often, usually, always, sometimes, at times, every day/week/month/year等连用。例如:They always care for each other and help each other. He usually goes to school on foot.考点2:表示客观真理,客观事实,名言,格言,只能用一般现在时。例如:Shanghai lies in the east of China.三、现在进行时1.形式:am/is/are+doing 2.现在进行时的
4、构成:情况规则例词一般情况加-ingtry-trying以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-ingregret-regrettingban-banning以不发音的e结尾动词去掉e, 加-inghate-hating date-dating3.重要考点:考点1:现在进行时表示正在发生着的事情或者进行的动作,常与(right)now, at 3 oclock等具体时间连用。例如:He is taking exercises at the gym now.考点2:不用现在进行时的动词,表示事实状态,心理状态,情感状态,思想活动类的动词没有进行时。事实状态的动词:have, belong,
5、 possess,include, contain, weigh, continue等。心理状态的动词:realize, think, believe, suppose, imagine, understand, love, hate, want等。四、一般过去时1.形式:was/were, did2.一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:情况规则例词一般情况加-edpack-packed以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词变y为iedcarry-carriedfly-flied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-edplan-plannedrefer
6、-referred以不发音的e结尾动词直接加-dlike-likedprovide-provided3.重要考点:考点1:表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)。例如:We met her in the street yesterday. 考点2:区分used的用法: sb. used to do sth. 某人过去常常做 be used to doing sth. 某人习惯做sth. be used to do sth. 某物被用来做used to be done. 某物过去被用来做例如:He used to live here.他曾住在这儿。 He
7、 is used to living here.他习惯于住在这儿。 Bamboo was used to build houses.竹子被用来建造房子。 The rooms used to be stored things.以前这间房子用来储物。五、过去进行时1.形式:was/were+doing2.重要考点:考点1:表示过去某时或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态;过去进行时的主要用法时描述一件事发生的背景,一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。考点2:常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from ni
8、ne to ten last evening,when ,while等。例如:What was he researching all day last Sunday? When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was rising. He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. It was raining when they left the station. We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.六、一般将来时1
9、.形式:will+do;am/is/are+going to do/about to do/ to do2.重要考点:考点1:一般将来时表示将来某个时间即将将要发生的动作,事情或存在的状态;也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。掌握一般将来时的表达结构形式will+动词原形, am/is /are going to +动词原形,am/is/are about to +动词原形,am/is/are to +动词原形。例如:It is going to rain.考点2:位移动词如come, go, arrive,leave等词的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例
10、如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.七、现在完成时1.形式:have/has+done2.重要考点:考点1:现在完成时表示动作发生在过去一直持续到现在的状态,或对现在造成的影响。常搭配的时间状语如lately, recently, already, ever, never, just, yet, till, in/over the past few weeks/months/centuries等。例如:He has ever been to U.S.A.他曾经去过美国。(曾经到过,现在已经回来了) He has gone to U.S.A a
11、nd he will come back in two days.他已经去美国了。(现在还在美国或者在途中)考点2:since(自从,自以来);for+持续到现在的一段时间。(需要搭配延续性动词)例如:Jack has worked here since he graduated. I have lived in Chongqing for 20 years.八、过去完成时1.形式及构成:had done2.重要考点:考点1:过去完成时主要用来表示过去某一特定时间以前就完成的动作。例如:When the young man visited us, we had finished our bre
12、akfast.考点2:用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算如hope, wish, plan, want, mean, intend, attempt, expect等表示打算,计划,希望,认为等的动词用过去完成时表示“本打算/本计划/本希望做而未做”。例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.九、将来完成时1.形式及构成:will/shall have done2.重要考点:考点1:表示将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,并常对将来的某一时间产生影响。往往与表示将来的时间状语连用,常见的有“by+将来时间”短语。例如:We will
13、have had q world trip by the time we get 60.【时态语态专项训练】1.There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to have C. will haveD. is going to be2. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written3. Zhao Lan _already _in t
14、his school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying4. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have ; done ; finished C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish5. She has been studying here for five years and
15、by the end of next summer she _.A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have graduated6. Now the pollution caused by the increasing number of cars_more and more serious in many cities.A. become B. had become C. is becoming D. became7. When you come tonight at eight oclock
16、, I _ eight lessons.A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be reviewing8. I hope you_ the instructions ready before I come tomorrowA. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten.9. She was quite sure that she _the door before she left the office.A. will knock B. woul
17、d knock C. has knocked D. had knocked10. Last week two engineers_to help solve the technical problems project.A. have sent B. were sent C. sent D. had sent11. As he_to submit the accounting report before 4:30 pm., the assistant hurried to Mr. Smiths office.A. was required B. had required C. requires
18、 D. required 12. The team is going out to hold a party tomorrow after it_the project.A. completes B. completed C. will complete D. will have completed13. Your car needs_.A. repair B. repaired C. being repaired D. repairing 14. We dont have to hurry as the bus_for London at five in the evening.A. lea
19、ves B. left C. has been leaving D. has left15. The dog_dangerous, and Im afraid of it.A. look B. looks C. is looked D. is looking16. The first time I saw him, he _with a big boy.A. is fighting B. was fighting C. fight D. fought17. It_ completely dark by the time I left the office.A. is B. was C. has
20、 been D. had been18. I _ here for 3 years by next month.A. will be B. will have been D. have been D. am19. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ in the contrary to our intention.A. result B. results D. resulted D. is resulting 20. Since the new technology was introduced last month, we_in speeding up production.A. succeeded B. succeed C. have succeeded D. will succeed