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1、高考英语语法知识专项复习 并列连词词组(一)bothand的用法，其意为“和都”、“不但而且”、“既又”：She both speaks and writes Japanese. 她不仅会说日语，而且还会写。He spoke with both kindness and understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理。【注】作为关联并列连词，它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外，若连接两个成分作主语时，谓语要用复数：Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲娅都喜欢这姑娘。(二)ei
2、theror的用法1. eitheror主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么要么”，“不是就是”，“或者或者”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。如：Either come in or go out. 要么进来，要么出去。I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下。Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well. 不是他没讲清楚，就是我没听明白。You can have either this one or that one. 你拿这个或那个都可以。 You must ei
3、ther go at once or wait till tomorrow. 你要么马上走，要么等到明天。We can finish the work either this week or next week. 不是这星期就是下星期我们就可完成这项工作。注意1：eitheror通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词，若连接两个成分作主语，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。如：Either you or I am to go. 你或我必须有人去。 Either he or you are right. 要么他对，要么你对。 注意2：但在非正式文体中，有时也
4、会一律用复数谓语。如： You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。 If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. 大卫或珍妮特来的话，是会要喝酒的。 2. eitheror除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。如：Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。 Either youll leave
5、this house or Ill call the police. 你要是不离开这座房子，我就叫警察来。 3. eitheror的否定式可以是not eitheror，也可以是neithernor.。如：He didnt either write or phone.=He neither wrote nor phoned. 他既没写信又没打电话。 注意，正如不能说eithernot 一样(但可说noteither)，英语习惯上也不说eitherornot，如不能说：Either he or his wife hasnt come. 可改为：Neither he nor his wife ha
6、s come. (三)neithernor的用法，其意为“既不也不”、“和都不”：I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱。I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不抽烟也不喝酒。He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事不闻不问。This is neither my fault nor yours. 这既不怪我，也不怪你。【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Mary neither
7、likes maths nor (likes) history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。Neither Jim and Jack was at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数：Neither Jim and Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。(四)not onlybut also的用法not onlybut also表示“不但而且”，“不仅而且”，“既又”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。如：Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。We were not o
8、nly hungry, but also tired. 我们不但饿了，而且也累了。She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。We go there not only in winter, but also in summer. 我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。另外，在使用not onlybut also时还应注意以下几点：1.有时可将but also分开用，即将but视为普通的并列连词，用于连接两个句
9、子，然后将also用于句中（用谓语动词用在一起）。如：Hes not only very fast, but hes also got marvellous technique. 他不仅很快，而且技术高超。2. 该结构中的also有时可以省略，或将also换成too, as well（置于句末）。如：Not only is he funny, but he is witty too as well. 他不但风趣，而且也很机智。He not only washed the car, but polished it too as well. 他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。His name is
10、known not only in Japan, but in China. 他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名。3. 有时因为语境的需要，not onlybut also也可能用于连接两个性质不同的词或短语，但这多半因为承前省略的原因。如：He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。句中的not only后接的是谓语goes to，而but also后接的却是状语 on weekends，可视为but also后承前省略了谓语动词 goes to work。4. 当not only
11、but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。如：Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。5. 为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。如：Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不仅仅迟到了3次，她还没干一点活。Not only do they need clothing, but th
12、ey are also short of water. 他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。注：有时也可见到不倒装的情形，此时主要见于but also后接省略结构的情况（省略只剩下主语）。如：Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too. 不仅我母亲不快乐，玛丽安也不快乐。(五)not onlybut also是否一定要连接对称结构1. 连接对称结构not onlybut also是一对非常有用的关联连词，其意为“不仅而且”“不但而且”，通常用于连接两个相同的句子成分，即所谓的“对称结构”。如：(1)连接主语Not only you but also
13、 I am hungry. 不只你，我也饿了呢。Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。(2)连接谓语She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。He not only read the book, but also remembered what he
14、read. 他不仅读过这本书，还记得内容。She not only sings like an angel, but also dances divinely. 她不但唱歌唱得像天使一样，而且跳舞也跟天仙一般。(3)连接表语He is not only arrogant but also selfish. 他不但傲慢，而且自私。 The place was not only cold, but also damp. 那个地方不但很冷而且很潮湿。Certain poisons, used as medicines in small quantities, prove not only innoc
15、uous, but beneficial. 某些毒品，如少量用作药品，证明不但无毒，而且有益。(4)连接宾语He speaks both French and English well. 他法语和英语都说得好。She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。If this project fails it will affect not only our department, but also the whole organization. 要是这个方案不成功，这不仅不会影响我们这个部门，而且会影响整个组织。(5)连接定语Ther
16、e are problems not only with the students, but also with the teachers themselves. 不但学生们有难题，教师们自己也有。(6)连接状语We go there not only in winter, but also in summer. 我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。They landed up not only having to apologize but also off
17、ering to pay. 他们最后不但同意道歉，而且还要付款。2. 连接非对称结构但在实际运用中，该结构有时不完全遵循“连接相同句子成分”的用法而出现一些非对称结构。这类用法主要有以下几类：(1)因承前省略而导致的不对称He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。句中的not only后接的是谓语goes to，而but also后接的却是状语 on weekends，可视为but also后承前省略了谓语动词 goes to work。She not only plays the
18、 piano, but also the violin. 他不仅弹钢琴，而且还拉小提琴。句中的not only后为谓语动词，而but also后接的是名词，实为动词plays的宾语，可视为在but also后承前省略了谓语动词plays。Her charm not only consists in her beauty but also in her self-confidence. 她的魅力不仅在于她的美貌，而且在于她的自信。可视为but also后承前省略了consists。(2)因强调导致不对称有时为了强调，not onlybut also连接的两个成分也可能是“不对称”的，这类用法尤其
19、见于not only后接的是句子的一个部分，而but却用于句中“连接”一个句子（其后的句中可能出现also，也可能省略also）。如：Its not only useless to trouble him but it is needless to do so.去麻烦他不仅没有用而且没有必要。Hes not only very fast, but hes also got marvellous technique. 他不仅很快，而且技术高超。His headache and fatigue not only subsided, but, what is more, his craving fo
20、r alcohol disappeared. 不但他的头疼和疲劳减累轻了，而且他嗜酒的毛病也消失了。这类用法有时也可能会省略but后面的主语，而保留其后的谓语。如：The film was not only amusing, but gave a valuable moral lesson. 这部电影不但逗人，而且也上了一堂有价值的道德教育课。（句子后半部分可视为but it gave a valuable moral lesson之省略）She was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable. 这艘轮船不仅是造船史上建造的最大的一艘船，而且也被认为是不会沉没的。（句子后半部分可视为but she was regarded as unsinkable之省略）These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. 它们吸引大量游客，不仅是因为建筑风格奇特，而且还有大量保存完好的壁画。