《2024届高考英语复习限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句课件(3).pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2024届高考英语复习限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句课件(3).pptx（31页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、GrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句构成：构成：+,+关系词关系词先行词先行词She has two brothers,(who are working in the city).+其他其他部分部分1.1.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，这种从句和主句
2、的关系十分密切，写时写时不用逗号分开不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如如:(1)What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?(2)Toronto is a city(that)Ive always wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切和主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明只是对先行词作
3、些附加的说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句主句的意思仍然清楚。的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开用逗号分开,一般不用一般不用that和和why引导。引导。非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。如：如：(1)Yesterday I met Professor King,who came from the University of London.昨天我遇见金教授昨天我遇见金教授,他从是伦敦大学来的。他从是伦敦大学来的。(2)He lent me a dictionary,which was just what I needed.他借给我
4、一本词典他借给我一本词典,这正是我所需要的。这正是我所需要的。1.She has two brothers who are working in the city.她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。（意含：她还有其他弟弟。）（意含：她还有其他弟弟。）She has two brothers,who are working in the city.她有两个弟弟她有两个弟弟,他们在这个城市工作。他们在这个城市工作。（意含：她只有两个弟弟。）（意含：她只有两个弟弟。）2.意义不同意义不同1.Her brother who is now a soldier always enco
5、urages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。(意含意含:她还有其他哥哥她还有其他哥哥)Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是当兵的她哥哥是当兵的,他总是鼓励她上大学。他总是鼓励她上大学。(意含意含:她只有一个哥哥她只有一个哥哥)3.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。(
6、意含意含:不带插图的书则不一定写得好不带插图的书则不一定写得好)All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.所有的书都带插图所有的书都带插图,这些书都写得很好。这些书都写得很好。(意含意含:没有不带插图的书没有不带插图的书)2.He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。He will wear no clothes,which will make him dif
7、ferent from others.他不穿衣服他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。这会使他显得与众不同。3.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊场合非限制性而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句先行词也可为整个主句,此时非此时非限制性定语从句常限制性定语从句常由由which引导引导。如：如：(1)A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐一个中年女子
8、杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。惧。解析解析:从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事,因此先行词因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。(2)A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。的人感到非常惊讶。解析解析:从语境可知从语境可知,
9、令所有在场的人感到惊讶令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。4.连接词的使用连接词的使用He didnt pass the exam,that disappointed me.whichThis is the book(which/that)he lost yesterday.The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可省
10、，关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可省，非限制性定语从句中所有关系代词均不可省。非限制性定语从句中所有关系代词均不可省。关系代词的指代关系关系代词的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作在定语从句中的作用用WhoWhomWhichwhose主语主语宾语宾语主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语指代整个主句指代整个主句关系副词的指代关系关系副词的指代关系指地指地点点指时指时间间在定语从句中在定语从句中的作用的作用WhereWhen时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语介词介词+which六.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别相同点:as和which 都可以在定语从句里做主语,或者宾语,指代前面的
11、整个句子的意思;区别一:as 引导的非限制性定语从句相当于插入语,位置灵活位置灵活;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放主主句后面句后面 As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Smoking,as we know,is harmful to ones healthSmoking is harmful to ones health,as we know.As is known to all,he is a hero.=He,as is known to all,is a hero.=He is a hero,as
12、is known to all.=What is known to all is that he is a hero.=It is known to all that he is a hero.(that引导的不是定语从句，而是真正的主语引导的不是定语从句，而是真正的主语)区别二:as翻译为正如,which翻译为这 as anybody can see 正如人人都可以看到的一样 as we all know 正如我们大家都知道的一样 as is reported 正如所报道的一样 as is known to all正如为大家所知的一样 As is known to everyone,the
13、moon travels round the earth once every month.as+sb/sth+is 正如原来的一样 Dont move the computer desk,and please leave it as it is.在原地不动as is the case 正如原有的情况一样 As is the often case，he was late again todayas（it）often happens 正如所常发生的一样;as(it)seems,as(it)was pointed;as(it)happensJack has won the first prize,
14、as(it)often happens.Tom has passed the exam,_ nobody knows.He came to my birthday party,_ I expected.He came to my birthday party,_ I didnt expect at all.区别三：否定意义的非限制性定语从句否定意义的非限制性定语从句不能用不能用as引导。引导。which as which区别四;such.as;so.as;as.as结构里,后一个as引导定从,不可用which.He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to w
15、ork with(as是work with的宾语)He is so lazy a boy as nobody wants to work with.(定语从句)He is so lazy a boy that nobody wants to work with him.(结果状语从句)This book is not such as I expect.Take as many jewels as you want.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as做主语)。像像一样的，像一样的，像之类之类比比较较七:the
16、 same.as/that引导定语从句的区别 This This is the same is the same book book thatthat I lost yesterday I lost yesterday(同类同物同类同物)I have I have the same the same book book as as you lost yesterday.you lost yesterday.(同类不同物同类不同物)注意：注意：当先行词是当先行词是the way,作状语表作状语表“方式方式”时，时，关系词只能是关系词只能是that/in which/省略省略错漏“摆”出1.Peo
17、ple are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he was the first Chinese to walk in space.2.Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then.3.Which is shown on TV,many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.hewhothen去掉去掉WhichAs4.Lin Hao is a hero,who we shoul
18、d learn.5.China got the most gold medals in the Olympics,that makes people excited.6.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th Olympic Games was held.whofrom whomthatwhichwhichwhere/in whichwho we should learn from1.Hangzhou is a beautiful city,_ people visit the famous West Lake.2.Beijing,_ is the
19、 capital of China,has a very long history.3._ is known to all,he is the best student.4.The young man had a new girl friend,_ is a pop star.whichAswhowhere/in which5.I should thank my teacher,with _ help,I solved the problem.6.He once worked on the Birds Nest,_ _ his son is proud.whoseofwhich1.不懂装懂不懂
20、装懂,一事无成。一事无成。He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything,is indeed a good-for-nothing.2.甘当小绵羊甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼。迟早要喂狼。He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.3.万事开头难。万事开头难。Its the first step that costs.4.千里之行千里之行,始于足下。始于足下。He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.5.自满的人腹中空。自满的人腹中空。He who is full of himself is very empty.6.闪光的未必都是金子。闪光的未必都是金子。Not all that glitters is gold.