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1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:语从句的区别:1.Thisisthepark_wevisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthepark_weheldabirthdayparty.4.Shewontforgetthedays_shespentontheisland.3.Shewontforgetthedays_theystayedtogether.6.Thatsthedate_wewenttothecollege.5.Thatsthedate_shewontforgetforever.that/whichwherewhenthat/whichthat/
2、whichwhenwhy7.Idontknowthereason_isknowntohim.8.Idontknowthereason_hewasnotthereatthattime.that/whichRevision:1.Shehasason_isadoctor.她有一个做医生的儿子。她有一个做医生的儿子。(不止一个儿子不止一个儿子)2.Shehasason,_isadoctor.她有一个儿子,他是医生她有一个儿子,他是医生(仅有一个儿子仅有一个儿子)。3.Hesaidnothing_madeherangry.他没说使她生气的话。他没说使她生气的话。4.Hesaidnothing,_made
3、herangry.他没做声,这使她非常生气。他没做声,这使她非常生气。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:who/thatwhowhich/thatwhich第一:第一:(形式)(形式)限制性定语前一般无限制性定语前一般无逗号逗号,非,非限制性一般有限制性一般有逗号逗号。第二:(意义上)限制性定语从句一般不第二:(意义上)限制性定语从句一般不可省去,如果省去,主句的意思不完整或可省去,如果省去,主句的意思不完整或不明确。不明确。非制定性定语从句只是对先行词非制定性定语从句只是对先行词做附加意思说明,省去后主句意思仍然清做附加意思说明,省去后主句意思仍
4、然清楚。楚。Ihavefinishedthenovel_ youlentmeyesterday.Ihavefinishedthenovel,_ youlentmeyesterday.Shefailedintheexamagain,_ madehermotherveryangry.第三:第三:(功能上)限定性定语从句的先(功能上)限定性定语从句的先行词是名词或代词行词是名词或代词;非限定性定语从句的非限定性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,也可以修饰其先行词可以是名词、代词,也可以修饰其前面的整个句子或句子的一部分前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。that/which whichwhich小结:小结
5、:第一:第一:(形式)(形式)限制性定语前一般无限制性定语前一般无逗号逗号,非限,非限制性一般有制性一般有逗号逗号。第二:(意义上)第二:(意义上)限制性定语从句一般不可省去,限制性定语从句一般不可省去,如果省去,主句的意思不完整或不明确。如果省去,主句的意思不完整或不明确。非制定非制定性定语从句只是对先行词做附加意思说明,省去性定语从句只是对先行词做附加意思说明,省去后主句意思仍然清楚。后主句意思仍然清楚。第三:第三:(功能上)(功能上)限定性定语从句的先行词是名词或代限定性定语从句的先行词是名词或代词词;非限定性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,也非限定性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,
6、也可以修饰其前面的整个句子或句子的一部分可以修饰其前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。翻译翻译常译为先行词的常译为先行词的定语定语常译为另一个分句常译为另一个分句关系关系代词代词who,whom,whose,which,thatwho,whom,whose,which(注意:不能用注意:不能用that),as关系关系副词副词when,where,whywhen,where(注意:注意:不能用不能用why)第四:关系词在非限制性定语从句的使用情况第四:关系词在非限制性定语从句的使用情况 非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中,指物时指物时,用用which 而不而不用用 that。Football _ i
7、s an interesting game is played all over the world.Football,_ is an interesting game,is played all over the world.Most of books there_ I bought yesterday were written by him.Most of books there,_ I bought yesterday,were written by him.第四:关系词在非限制性定语从句的使用情况第四:关系词在非限制性定语从句的使用情况1that/whichwhichthat/whic
8、hwhich 指人时主格用指人时主格用who,宾格用宾格用whom,作定语用作定语用whose(指人、物指人、物)。1.Thegirl_isstandingthereisherdaughter.2.Thegirl,_isstandingthere,isherdaughter.3.Theperson_youloveisverykind.4.Theperson,_youlove,isverykind.5.Theboy_fatherisafarmerismyclassmate.6.Theboy,_fatherisafarmer,ismyclassmate.2who/that(that/whom/wh
9、o)whomwhowhosewhose 关系副词关系副词when(指时间指时间),where(指地点指地点)也可也可以引导非限制性定语从句以引导非限制性定语从句,注意关系副词注意关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句,应用应用for which引引导。导。He lives in the city,_there is a high tower.The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949,_he was born.I have told them the reason,_I didnt attend the meeti
10、ng.3why?wherewhenfor which1.The famous basketball star,_is anAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Thebaby,_sheistakinggoodcareof,isnothers.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.4.Xian,_Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.He will come to see me next July,_ hewontbesobusy.6.The school,_I once studied,was builtt
11、hirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhichFill in the blanks with proper relative words.指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略人;物人;物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词在限制性定语从句中的用法关系代词在
12、限制性定语从句中的用法指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略关系代词在非限制性定语从句中的用法关系代词在非限制性定语从句中的用法人;物人;物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省thatwhichwhowhomwhose指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主、宾主、宾主主宾语宾语定语定语不可省不可省whichwhowhomwhose不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省关系代词在非限制性定语从句中的用法关系代词在非
13、限制性定语从句中的用法关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分when(=at/in/on.which)where(=in/at.which)why(=forwhich)时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语reason原因状语原因状语关系副词在非限制性定语从句中的用法关系副词在非限制性定语从句中的用法项目项目aswhich指代指代引导的从句只能指代整引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分可指代主句的一部分位置位置可位于主句可位于主句之前、之中之前、之中或之后或之后引导
14、的从句不能位于引导的从句不能位于主句之前主句之前意义意义正如,就像正如,就像 这,那这,那功能功能起连接上下文的作用,起连接上下文的作用,表达说话人的观点、看表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处等根据或出处等引导的从句在意义上引导的从句在意义上相当于一个相当于一个并列句并列句as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别Sheisalwaysworkinghard,aseveryonecansee.正如大家所看到的那样,她工作一直很努力。正如大家所看到的那样,她工作一直很努力。Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,i
15、sveryinstructive.这本书很有教育意义,是我昨天买的。这本书很有教育意义,是我昨天买的。Aseveryonecansee,sheishonest.她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。Sheishonest,whicheveryonecansee.她的诚实是大家有共睹的。她的诚实是大家有共睹的。Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.众所周知,吸烟有害健康。众所周知,吸烟有害健康。Tomsuddenlyfellill,whichmadeusverysad.汤姆突然病倒了,这让我们很伤心。汤姆突然病倒了,这让我们很伤心。指代指
16、代位置位置意义意义Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultooneshealth.Aseveryonecansee,sheisalwaysworkinghard.1._ everybody knows,she is very good at dance.2._ has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.3.She has been late again,_ was expected.4.Tom has made great progress,_ made us happy.5.That is the interes
17、ting novel,_ was about the long March.AsAsaswhichwhich练习关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主、宾主、宾主主宾语宾语定语定语不可省不可省whichwhowhomwhose不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省小结:关系代词在非限制性定语从句中的用法小结:关系代词在非限制性定语从句中的用法关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分when(=at/in/on.which)where(=in/at.which)why(=forwhich)时间名词时间名词时间状语时间
18、状语地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语reason原因状语原因状语关系副词在非限制性定语从句中的用法关系副词在非限制性定语从句中的用法项目项目aswhich指代指代引导的从句只能指代整引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分可指代主句的一部分位置位置可位于主句可位于主句之前、之中之前、之中或之后或之后引导的从句不能位于引导的从句不能位于主句之前主句之前意义意义正如,就像正如,就像 这,那这,那功能功能起连接上下文的作用,起连接上下文的作用,表达说话人的观点、看表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的法,
19、并指出主句内容的根据或出处等根据或出处等引导的从句在意义上引导的从句在意义上相当于一个相当于一个并列句并列句as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别练习1.Hisfather,_worksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.2.Shanghai,_isinEastChina,isdevelopingquickly.3.Mymother,_youmetlastyear,keepstellingmenottotakethembecausetheyaredangerous.4.Hefailedintheexam,_madehisparentsangry
20、.5._wehadexpected,hefailedintheexam.whowhichwhomwhichAs.语法填空用适当的定语从句的引导词完成短文I am Wang Hui.Im a student 1._ is still studying in Grade 3 in a senior school.I have a good friend,2._ name is Zhang Ying.When at school,she studied very hard for her dream.To her delight,the day 3._ she had been looking fo
21、rward to came at last.whowhosethat/whichLast week,she wrote a letter to me,7._ tells me something about her.This year,she has taken many courses,one of 8._ is what she likes best.And there she has made many friends,some of 9._ are also from the countryside.She is having a meaningful and colourful li
22、fe.How I envy her!10._ a saying goes:No pains,no gains.So Ive made up my mind to study harder from now on.I want to go to such a famous university as hers.Im sure that my effort will pay off.whichwhichwhomAs.单句改错每句中有1处错误,找出并改正。1The book that you need it is in the library._2He is one of the boys who
23、plays the piano well._3This is the museum where I visited last week._4The man,that lives next to us,is my English teacher._去掉去掉itwhere改为改为that/which或去掉或去掉whereplays改为改为playthat改为改为who5The pencil with that he is writing is mine._6The doctor my father is talking to him is leaving for Africa next month
24、._7She heard a terrible noise,and which brought her heart into her mouth._8Which we all know,swimming is a very good sport._that改为改为which去掉去掉himWhich改为改为Aswhich改为改为it或去掉或去掉and9This is the same bag that I lost yesterday._10Those who wants to go with me put up your hands._that改为改为aswants改为改为wantThisis
25、thesamepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较:比较:.thesamepenasIlost.thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像,不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像,不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 当主句中出现当主句中出现thesame时时,后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与或宾语时与as搭配表搭配表_,与与that搭配搭配表表_.同一类事物同一类事物同一个事物同一个事物1.the sameas中中,as引导定从,侧重方式引导定从,侧重方式“如同如同 一样一样”the samethat中,中,that引导定从,侧重指引导定从,侧重指“同一个人同一个人/物物”1)Thats the same tool as I used last week.(同类工具,不是同一把)Thats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。2)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这跟我昨天丢的包一样 This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢的包一样