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1、走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版(课标卷地区课标卷地区)高考总复习高考总复习 语法专项突破语法专项突破 第二部分第二部分专题六定语从句专题六定语从句第二部分第二部分一、关系代词who，whom，whose引导定语从句1who和whom的用法。(1)先行词为one，ones，anyone，those指代人时。The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng，the ones who signed a divorce agreement on F
2、riday in Urumqi.我想和你谈论的人是王菲和李亚鹏，他们于周五在乌鲁木齐签署离婚协议。(2)在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.有位绅士想见你。(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who以避免重复。The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.昨天在会上受
3、表扬的学生是班长，他非常谦虚、好学。(4)当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom，关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成介词关系代词whom(先行词指人)结构。The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.这里居住着将近1,000人，他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。2whose的用法。whose指人或物，作定语，表示“的”，可转换为“of关系代词”。关系代词whose
4、一般指人，表示“该人的”，也可指物，表示“该物的”，在以物为先行词时，可用of which代替，在从句中作定语。The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.这个奖项会给作品最富有想象力的那位作家。名师点拨关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如：Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是派往国外的工程师之一。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has com
5、e up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。二、关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句1when的用法。先行词为“时间名词”，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语，也可用“介词which”结构代替。The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.体力是你生存所需的日子一去不复返了。2where的用法。(1)先行词是“地点名词”，定语从句可用where引导，where在从句中作状语，也可用“介词which”结构代替。A ban
6、k is the place where(in which)they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.银行是一个晴好天气借给你雨伞而雨天又要回雨伞的地方。(2)如果定语从句修饰point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。You reach a point where medicine cant help。你到了药物无法治疗的地步。3why的用
7、法。先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，可以用why引导定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which替代。The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。点津当way表示方法、方式作先行词时，如果后面的定语从句中缺少状语时，可以用that或in which引导，也可以省略关系词。如果定语从句中缺少宾语时，要用that或which引导，也可以省略关系词。I dont like the way that/in/in which/which/不填 he
8、speaks to his mother.我不喜欢他和他妈妈说话的方式。三、介词关系代词的6个考查点1考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.风力是一种古老的能源，也许在不久的将来我们(人类)会再次使用它。2考查形容词与介词的搭配习惯。He referred to me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。3考查根据句意确定介词
9、。I am looking for my glasses，without which I cant watch TV clearly.我正在找我的眼镜，没有它我就看不清电视了。4考查表示所属关系的 of which/whom。She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.她带领参观者参观了那个花了三年多时间才建成的博物馆。5考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom。The buses，most of which were alrea
10、dy full，were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车被愤怒的人群包围着，其中的大部分已满员了。6考查表示同位关系的of which/whom。She brought with her three friends，none of whom I had ever met before.她带来了她的三位朋友，我以前全没见过。名师点拨选择介词3原则：根据句子意思表达的需要；根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯；根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。四、5组易混关系代词的用法辨析类型主要用法典句例示只用that不用which的情况先行词是all，much，little，s
11、omething，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受那些因为别人的过错而带来的责难。先行词被only，any，few，no，very，little等修饰时Australia is the only country that is also a continent.澳大利亚是唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时This is the most inte
12、resting film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。类型主要用法典句例示只用that不用which的情况先行词为人、物并用时Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的事和人吗？主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Which is the bike that you lost?哪一辆是你丢的自行车？先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时Shandong is no longer the province that it used to b
13、e.山东不再是以前的那个样子了。关系代词前有介词时Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?这是莎士比亚出生的那间房子吗？类型主要用法典句例示只用which不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句时As a child，Jack studied in a village school，which is named after his grandfather.杰克小时候是在一所山村学校上的学，这所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行词为that/those时Whats that which was put in the car?被放入车内的是什么？
14、which用作定语时He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。类型主要用法典句例示只用which不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句时As a child，Jack studied in a village school，which is named after his grandfather.杰克小时候是在一所山村学校上的学，这所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行词为that/those时Whats that which was put in the car?被放入车内的是什么？which
15、用作定语时He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。the same.as与the same.thatthe same.as表示相似或同类的东西the same.that表示同一人或物This is the same book as he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那类书。This is the same book that he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。类型主要用法典句例示such/so.as与such/so.thats
16、uch/so.as(定语从句)像那样such/so.that(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.这是一个容易的我能回答的问题。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.这个问题如此简单连我都能回答。as与whichas引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等；which
17、意为“这一点”Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to all.阿凡达是一部很成功的电影，这一点是大家都知道的。The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.运动会被推迟，这让我们吃惊。五、定语从句与其他从句的辨析类型主要区别典句例示与并列句的区别如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导定语从句They have more than 100 books；m
18、ost of them are English books.(并列句)他们有100多本书，其中的大部分是英语书。Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，one I will always treasure.(定语从句)这么多年后见到我的叔叔是一个令人难忘的时刻，这一刻我会永远珍藏。类型主要区别典句例示与强调句型的区别判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was.that.”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的It is from this library that I borrowed the b
19、ook.(强调句型)我是从这家图书馆借到的那本书。This is the library where I borrowed the book.(定语从句)这就是我借那本书的那家图书馆。与状语从句的区别状语从句通常没有先行词，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等的状语，而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定或解释说明作用的After the war，a new school was put up where there once had been a theatre.(地点状语从句)战争之后，在原来是剧院的地方建起了一所新学校。Have you ever been to the house where
20、 Lu Xun once lived？(定语从句)你去过鲁迅曾住过的那所房子吗？类型主要区别典句例示与同位语从句的区别定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用；而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用；引导词that在从句中的作用不同：在定语从句中，that既起连接作用，又须在定语从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语等；而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；翻译方法不同：限制性定语从句通常翻译成“的”，而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”，也可用冒号或破折号表示We all have heard the news that our team won.(同位语从句)我们都听说了那个消息：我们队赢了。We dont believe the news that he told us yesterday.(定语从句)我们不相信他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。