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1、Unit 4 Global warming.单词盘单词盘点点核心速核心速记记1._(adj.)胡乱的；任意的胡乱的；任意的2._(n.)种种类类；范；范围围3._(vi.)看一下；看一下；扫视扫视 (n.)一瞥一瞥4._(adj.)分布广的；普遍的分布广的；普遍的5._(adj.)平均的平均的randomrangeglancewidespreadaverage6._(vt.)拥护拥护；提倡；主；提倡；主张张7._(adj.)随便的；漫不随便的；漫不经经心的；偶然的心的；偶然的8._(n.)环环境；情况境；情况9._(vt.)使恢复；使振作使恢复；使振作 advocatecasualcircum
2、stancerefresh联联想串想串记记10._(n.)现现象象_(pl.)现现象象11._(n.)量；数量量；数量_(n.)质质量量12._(vi.)趋趋向；易于；照向；易于；照顾顾(vt.)照照顾顾；护护理理_(n.)倾倾向；向；趋势趋势13._(vt.)反反对对；反抗；与；反抗；与(某人某人)较较量量_(adj.)反反对对的；的；对对立的立的phenomenonphenomenaquantityqualitytendtendencyopposeopposed14._(n.)结结果果；后后果果；影影响响_(adv.)因此；所以因此；所以15._(vt.)陈陈述；述；说说明明_(n.)说说
3、明；明；说说法；表白法；表白16._(adj.)平平稳稳的的；持持续续的的；稳稳固固的的_(adv.)平平稳稳地；持地；持续续地地17._(n.)生存；存在生存；存在_(vi.)存在存在18._(n.)贡贡献献_(v.)贡贡献；撰稿献；撰稿consequenceconsequentlystatestatementsteadysteadilyexistenceexistcontributioncontribute.短短语语互互译译1.发发生；造成生；造成 _2.上升；增上升；增长长；升起；升起 _3.即使即使 _4.大体上；基本上大体上；基本上 _5.代表代表一方；作一方；作为为的代言人的代言人
4、 _6.忍受；容忍忍受；容忍 _7.只要只要 _come aboutgo upeven ifon the wholeon behalf ofput up withso long as8.rather than _9.subscribe to _10.quantities of _11.result in _12.be opposed to _13.keep on _14.and so on _而不是而不是同意；同意；赞赞成；成；订购订购大量的大量的导导致致反反对对继续继续等等等等.句型透句型透视视1.There is no doubt that.毫无疑毫无疑问问_(毫毫 无无 疑疑 问问)th
5、e earth is becoming warmer.2.强强调调句句_(是是人人类类活活动动)has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.3.介介词词短短语语引引导导的含蓄虚的含蓄虚拟拟条件句条件句Without the“greenhouse effect”,the earth _ _(将将比比现现在在的的温温度度还还要低大要低大约约33摄摄氏度氏度).There is no doubt thatIt is human activity thatwould be aboutthirty-
6、three degrees Celsius cooler than it is4.even if引引导让导让步状步状语语从句从句_(即即使使)we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.5.as/so long as引引导导条件状条件状语语从句从句It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _(只只要要)you are
7、 using itif not,turn it off！6.it takes.to do sth._(需需要要大大量量能能源源)to make things from new materials,so,if you can,buy things made from recycled materials.Even ifso long asIt takes a lot of energy.语语篇完形篇完形 There is no 1._ that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity 2._ has caused th
8、is global warming.All scientists 3._ to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is 4._ to the burning of fossil fuels.Dr Janice Foster explains that we add huge 5._ of extra carbon dioxide into the 6._,doubtthatsubscribeduequantitiesatmospherewhich causes the global temperature to go up
9、.Another scientist called Charles Keeling made accurate 7._ of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.But the attitudes of scientists towards this rise are completely 8._.Many think the trend would lead to a 9._ while some believe we shouldnt worry about it.In fact,no one exactly knows the 1
10、0._ of global warming.measurementsdifferentcatastropheeffects1.选词选词填空填空(1)I will order _ of your products so long as they are of good _.(quantity/quality)(2)The patient had a strong _ to kill himself,so the nurses had to take turns to _ him carefully day and night.(tend/tendency)(3)Peter let out the
11、 news before he considered the _._,he was dismissed by the boss.(consequence/consequently)quantitiesqualitytendencytendconsequenceConsequently(4)Clearly _ your name,address,telephone number and other necessary information.Your _ must be true and helpful.(state/statement)(5)A man named Li Chunping,wh
12、o is reported to have _ a great deal of money in the past 15 years,has made great _ to charity in China.(contribute/contribution)statestatementscontributedcontributions2.选选用句型透用句型透视视中的句式仿写句子中的句式仿写句子(1)毫无疑毫无疑问问,礼貌的行礼貌的行为为受受欢欢迎。迎。There is no doubt that polite acts are welcome.(2)是老是老师师的鼓励的鼓励给给了我了我继续继续
13、学学习习的勇气。的勇气。It was the teachers encouragement that gave me the courage to go on with my study.(3)没有你没有你们们的帮助的帮助,我我们们不可能按不可能按时时完成任完成任务务。Without your help,we could not have finished our task on time.(4)即使你即使你认为这认为这些些规则规则不公正不公正,也必也必须须遵守。遵守。You must keep to the rules even if you think theyre unfair.(5)只
14、要我只要我们们全力以赴全力以赴,一定能一定能赢赢得比得比赛赛。We are sure to win the match so long as we go all out.(6)从广州乘从广州乘飞飞机去北京要用多机去北京要用多长时间长时间？How long does it take to fly from Guangzhou to Beijing?核核心心考考点点consequence3年年1考考range3年年1考考average3年年2考考1.quantity n.量；数量量；数量a large/vast quantity of 大量的大量的large/huge/vast quantitie
15、s of 大量的大量的in quantity(in large amounts)/in large quantities 大量地大量地Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.如果你大量如果你大量购买购买要便宜得多。要便宜得多。There are large quantities of rain in this area.这这个地区的雨量很大。个地区的雨量很大。_ _ of oil _ imported from abroad every year.每年要从国外每年要从国外进进口大量的石油。口大量的石油。Largequantitiesare【点点津
16、津】a quantity of后后可可接接不不可可数数名名词词或或可可数数名名词词的的复复数数形形式式。但但当当它它作作主主语语时时谓谓语语动动词词一一般般根根据据其其所所修修饰饰的的名名词词的的数数而而定定,而而quantities of作作主主语语时时,一一般般不不论论其其后后的的名名词词可可数数或或不不可数可数,谓语动词谓语动词都用复数。都用复数。(选选词词填填空空)There _(is/are)a small quantity of water left in the bottle and there _(is/are)large quantities of food left in
17、the basket.isare2.oppose vt.反反对对；反抗；与；反抗；与(某人某人)较较量量(1)oppose(doing)sth.反反对对(做做)某事某事oppose sb.doing sth.反反对对某人做某事某人做某事(强强调动调动作作)oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物使某事物与另一事物对对照或照或对对抗抗(2)opposed adj.反反对对的；的；对对立的立的be opposed to 反反对对；与；与对对立立(强强调调状状态态)Most citizens opposed the new law.大多数市民反大多数市民反对这项对这项新
18、法律。新法律。The mother opposed her daughters going there alone.这这位母位母亲亲反反对对她女儿一个人去那儿。她女儿一个人去那儿。I _ strongly _ _ your plan.我我坚坚决反决反对对你的你的计计划。划。To his surprise,his best friend was opposed to help him in time of trouble.(改改错错)答案：答案：help改为改为helping。amopposed to3.consequence n.结结果；后果；影响果；后果；影响in consequence=a
19、s a consequence 因此；因此；结结果果in consequence of as a consequence of 因因为为；由于；由于,因因为为的的缘缘故故 take/suffer/face the consequences of 承担承担的后果的后果answer for the consequence 对对后果后果负责负责(be)of little/no consequence 不重要的不重要的,无足无足轻轻重的重的He broke the law,and now he must face/take/suffer the consequences of his action.他
20、他违违犯了法律犯了法律,现现在他必在他必须为须为他的行他的行为为承担后果。承担后果。Your opinion is of little consequence to me.你的你的观观点点对对我来我来说说不重要。不重要。She was over the age limit;_ _ _,her application was rejected.她超她超龄龄了；因此了；因此,她的申她的申请请被拒被拒绝绝了。了。Jack failed to pass the exam _ _ _/_ _ _ _ being lazy in study.由于在学由于在学习习上的上的懒懒惰惰,杰克没通杰克没通过过考考试
21、试。as a consequencein consequence of as aconsequence of【高考高考链链接接】(2011江江苏苏高高考考)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.A.consequence B.independence C.competence D.intelligence【解解析析】选选C。考考查查名名词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意：教教师师要要不不断断地地更更新新他他们们的的知知识识以以保保持持他他们们的的专专业
22、业技技能能。consequence结结果果；independence独独立立；competence技技能能,技技巧巧；intelligence智智能能,智慧。智慧。4.state vt.陈陈述；述；说说明明 n.状况；状状况；状态态；国家；政府；国家；政府(1)in a state of.在在情况下情况下in a good/bad state 状况良好状况良好/不好不好a state of mind 心心态态(2)It is/was stated that.据称据称 The spokesman stated the position of the government on the quest
23、ion.发发言人言人阐阐明了政府在明了政府在这这个个问题问题上的立上的立场场。The room was in a very dirty state.房房间间里非常里非常脏脏。It is important to keep you _ _ _ _ _ _.保持良好的心保持良好的心态态很重要。很重要。in a good state of mind【点津点津】state用作可数名用作可数名词时词时,有以下几种用法：有以下几种用法：(1)表表示示“状状态态,状状况况,情情况况”时时常常用用单单数数,常常指指人人或或事事物物存存在在的的情情况况,或或在在某某一一阶阶段段的的性性质质与与形形式式,并并通通
24、常常与与冠冠词词a连连用用,在在不不定定冠冠词词前用介前用介词词in。(2)表表示示“国国家家”时时,侧侧重重政政体体,即即政政治治独独立立的的国国家家,可可指指其其政政府府,也可指国家的一部分也可指国家的一部分“州；邦州；邦”。【辨析辨析】理解下列区理解下列区别别并并选词选词填空填空state表示特定表示特定时间时间的状况的状况,强强调调状状态态condition强强调调暂暂时时的的环环境境或或形形势势对对目目前前情情况况的的影影响响；与与形形容容词词连连用用时时,尤尤指指人人或或事事物物的的外外观观、品品质质或或工工作状况作状况,强强调调条件条件situation多多指指被被放放置置或或设
25、设置置的的情情况况,可可用用于于特特定定的的、个个别别的或引起的或引起兴兴趣的趣的环环境境,强强调处调处境境填填空空：Although the bad working _ made him in a poor _ of health,he had no power to change this _.conditionsstatesituation5.range n.种种类类;范范围围;幅度幅度;界限界限 v.(在一定范在一定范围围内内)变动变动,变变化；排列化；排列(1)a wide range of.范范围围广泛的广泛的,各种各各种各样样的的in/within range 在射程内；在范在射
26、程内；在范围围内内beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范在射程外；在范围围外外out of ones range 某人能力达不到的；某人知某人能力达不到的；某人知识识以以 外的外的(2)range from.to.在在范范围围内内变动变动；包括；包括 由由到到之之间间的各的各类类事物事物range between.and.在在和和范范围围内内变动变动(2012浙浙江江高高考考)These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico,and recent studies have shown that the lower r
27、ange of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters.这这些些兔兔子子生生活活在在墨墨西西哥哥的的火火山山山山坡坡上上,最最近近的的研研究究表表明明它它们们以以往往较较低的栖息地已低的栖息地已经经上升了上升了约约700米。米。He has a wide range of interest,ranging from chess to canoeing.他他兴兴趣广泛趣广泛,从国从国际际象棋到皮划艇。象棋到皮划艇。There is a full range of activities for children.有有给给孩
28、子孩子们们提供的各种活提供的各种活动动。The child is now _ _ _ _ _ vision.这这个孩子个孩子现现在走出了她的在走出了她的视线视线。Their ages _ _ 25 _ 50.他他们们的年的年龄龄从从25到到50不等。不等。out of her range ofrange fromto【助助记记】range含含义义面面面面观观【高考高考链链接接】(2010湖湖北北高高考考)This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A.di
29、vision B.area C.range D.circle【解解析析】选选C。句句意意：这这家家餐餐馆馆出出名名是是由由于于它它的的各各种种各各样样的的食食物物适适应应各各种种口口味味和和消消费费类类型型的的人人群群。a range of强强调调一一个个系系列列,而而a wide range of意为意为“各种各样的各种各样的”,正好符合题意。正好符合题意。6.average adj.平均的；普通的平均的；普通的 n.平均平均;平均数平均数the/an average of.的平均数的平均数on average 平均地；通常平均地；通常 above/below average 高于高于/低于
30、平均数低于平均数/水平水平up to average 达到平均数达到平均数/水平水平Parents spend _ _ _$200 a year on toys for their children.父母父母给给孩子孩子买买玩具的花玩具的花费费每年平均每年平均为为200美元。美元。The average man is not interested in this subject.普通人普通人对这对这个个话题话题不感不感兴兴趣。趣。The average of 4 and 8 is 6.4和和8的平均数的平均数为为6。(2012上上海海高高考考)The system may protect wo
31、men against stress,and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.这这个个系系统统可可能能保保护护女女士士以以防防出出现现紧紧张张的的情情绪绪,这这或或许许也也解解释释了了女士寿命通常比男士女士寿命通常比男士长长的原因。的原因。an average of【高考高考链链接接】(2010江江 西西 高高 考考)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n)_ of 40
32、,000 per year.A.average B.numberC.amount D.quantity【解解析析】选选A。句句意意：去去年年毕毕业业时时已已获获得得驾驾照照的的学学生生达达到到了了20万万人人,平平均均每每年年4万万人人。a number of 许许多多；an amount of后后面面一一般般加加不不可可数数名名词词表表示示数数额额；a quantity of后后面面既既可可以以加加可可数数名名词词也也可可以以加加不不可可数数名名词词；但但没没有有“平平均均每每年年增增加加”的的意意思思；an average of的平均数的平均数,符合题意。符合题意。7.circumstan
33、ce n.环环境；情况境；情况in/under the circumstances 在此种情况下在此种情况下in/under no circumstances 决不决不,无无论论如何都不如何都不In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.在在这这种情况下种情况下,他他觉觉得无法接受得无法接受这项这项工作。工作。Circumstances permitting,Ill go abroad to study.情况允情况允许许的的话话,我会出国学我会出国学习习。A baby shouldnt be left alone in
34、 the house in any circumstances.(句型句型转换转换)=In no circumstances _ _ _ _ _ alone in the house.无无论论如何都不能把如何都不能把婴婴儿儿单单独留在家里。独留在家里。【点津点津】(1)circumstance意意为为“环环境境,情况情况”时时,多用复数形式。多用复数形式。(2)in/under no circumstances置于句首置于句首时时引起部分倒装。引起部分倒装。should ababybe e about 发发生；造成生；造成Ill never understand how it came abo
35、ut that you made such a mistake.我真不明白你怎么会犯我真不明白你怎么会犯这这么个么个错误错误。How did these differences come about?这这些差些差别别是怎是怎样产样产生的？生的？_ _ _ _ _ that he had his leg hurt?他的腿受他的腿受伤伤了了,这这是怎么是怎么发发生的？生的？How did it come about【点点津津】come about是是不不及及物物动动词词短短语语,常常指指情情况况不不受受人人控控制制地地突突然然发发生生。常常用用句句型型：How did it come about
36、that.某某事事是怎是怎样发样发生的？生的？It came about that.发发生了。生了。【拓展拓展】补补全下列全下列“come+adv./prep.”短短语语come _ 偶然遇到偶然遇到come _ 紧紧跟跟come _ 快点快点,来吧来吧,得了吧得了吧come _ 出来；出版；出来；出版；结结果是果是come _ 上来；被提出上来；被提出acrossafteronoutup9.result in导导致；造成致；造成(后接后接结结果果)；引起；引起(1)result in(=cause)引起；引起；导导致；造成致；造成(后接后接结结果果)result from 由于由于而引起而引
37、起(后接原因后接原因)(2)as a result 结结果果as a result of.由于由于without result 没有没有结结果；白果；白费费His carelessness resulted in the terrible accident.他的疏忽大意他的疏忽大意导导致了那次可怕的意外事件。致了那次可怕的意外事件。We tried hard,but without result.我我们们尽了很大努力尽了很大努力,但白但白费费了。了。He was late _ _ _ _ the rain.由于下雨他由于下雨他迟迟到了。到了。Failure lies in laziness a
38、nd hard work leads to success.(改改写写句子句子)=Failure _ _ laziness and hard work _ _ success.as a result ofresultsfromresults in1.tend vi.趋趋向；易于；照向；易于；照顾顾vt.照照顾顾；护护理理tend to do sth.往往往往；趋趋向于向于tend(to)sb./sth.照照顾顾,看看护护tend towards 有有倾倾向向The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.老太太往往容易老太太往往容易轻轻信
39、陌生人。信陌生人。The young mother stayed at home to tend her child.这这位年位年轻轻的的妈妈妈妈待在家里照料她的孩子。待在家里照料她的孩子。Our school dramas _ _ comedy and farce.我我们们学校学校编编排的排的戏剧倾戏剧倾向于喜向于喜剧剧和滑稽和滑稽剧剧。We _ _ make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.我我们们匆忙做事往往会出匆忙做事往往会出错错。tend towardstend to2.subscribe to赞赞成；同意成；同意;订购订购;捐款捐款观观察
40、句子察句子,写出黑体部分的含写出黑体部分的含义义We dont subscribe to the view that we have failed.()What newspaper do you subscribe to?()Chris regularly subscribes to an environmental action group.()同意同意订购订购捐款捐款.用方框中所用方框中所给词给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空quantity,oppose,consequence,state,range,average,circumstance,tend,subscribe,advocate
41、1.There was nothing special about the meal;it was _.2.We _ solving international disputes by negotiation,instead of appealing to arms.3.I am strongly _ to any form of terrorism.4.My main reason for _ to New Scientist is to keep abreast of(了解最新情况了解最新情况)advances in science.averageadvocateopposedsubscr
42、ibing5.Large _ of water are needed for watering the fields.6.In _ of your bad work,I am forced to dismiss you.7.He was in a terrible _ because nobody could understand why he had this illness.8.She _ her husband carefully during his illness.9.The trees on the mountains within my _ of vision have all
43、been cut down.10.Under no _ should you lend him any money.quantitiesconsequencestatetendedrangecircumstances.改写句子改写句子1.The flood happened as a result of the heavy rain.=The flood _ _ as a result of the heavy rain.2.Not many people agree to the idea that money brings true happiness.=Not many people _
44、 _ the idea that money brings true happiness.3.A lot of air-conditioners have been sold since the temperature is high.=_ _ _ _ air-conditioners have been sold since the temperature is high.came aboutsubscribeA largequantity ofto4.The reform has led to great changes in our country.=The reform has _ _
45、 great changes in our country.5.Any honest man will object to such a policy.=Any honest man will _ _ _ such a policy.6.Does it matter to you whether I go to the party or not?=Does it _ _ _ to you whether I go to the party or not?7.If it hadnt been for your help,I couldnt have done it.=_ _ _,I couldn
46、t have done it.resulted inbe opposed tomake anydifferenceWithout your help8.He hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare,so he had to walk there.=He hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare and _ _ he had to walk there.9.Generally speaking,it was a pretty good conference.=It was a pretty good conference
47、_ _ _.10.The patient is being looked after by three nurses.=The patient is being _ by three nurses.inconsequenceon the wholetended.话题话题写作写作 先将下面几个句子翻先将下面几个句子翻译译成英成英语语,然后然后连连成一段小短文。成一段小短文。1.随随着着工工业业的的发发展展,产产生生了了越越来来越越多多的的温温室室气气体体,地地球球正正在在变变暖。暖。2.结结果果,海海平平面面在在上上升升,致致使使许许多多沿沿海海城城市市和和动动物物的的栖栖息息地地(habita
48、t)处处于危于危险险中。中。3.全全球球变变暖暖已已经经对对人人类类和和动动物物构构成成严严峻峻的的挑挑战战,因因此此,到到了了我我们们采取措施采取措施应对这应对这一挑一挑战战的的时时候了。候了。4.只只有有通通过过改改变变我我们们粗粗暴暴对对待待环环境境的的方方式式,我我们们才才能能和和环环境和境和谐谐相相处处。【参考范文参考范文】With the development of industry,more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer.As a consequence,the sea level is rising,which makes many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger.Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals,so it is high time that we took measures to deal with it.Only by changing the way we treat the environment roughly can we get along well with it.