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1、走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版(课标卷地区课标卷地区)高考总复习高考总复习 Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero 必修一必修一第一部分基础知识聚焦第一部分基础知识聚焦基础知识梳理基础知识梳理 2考点探究演练考点探究演练 3单单 元元 语语 法法 4基础知识巩固基础知识巩固 6课课 时时 作作 业业 7话题作文晨诵话题作文晨诵 1高考真题对接高考真题对接5话题作文晨诵话题作文晨诵1achievement n成就2determination n决心3admire vt.钦佩；欣赏4respect vt.
2、尊敬5sacrifice vt.牺牲6ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的7attractive adj.有魅力的8confident adj.自信的9educated adj.受过教育的10enthusiastic adj.热情的11dream of 梦想12be interested in 对感兴趣13be satisfied/content with 对满意14have much knowledge of 精通15be active in 积极从事于16devote oneself/ones life to 献身于；专心于(2014广东写作第二节改编)75岁的Miss McCarty
3、以洗衣为生，自己甘守清贫，但却为南密西西比大学的贫穷学子捐赠了十五万美元。用约120个词就Miss McCarty的捐助谈谈你的想法，内容包括：(1)你如何看待她的捐助行为；(2)你认为她的捐助对受惠学生有哪些影响；(3)如果你自己要捐助，你会选择哪个群体并陈述理由。注意：开头已给出，不计入总词数。Its reported that a kind laundry woman who got paid lowly decided to donate to a university a great deal of money she had saved by living a simple lif
4、e,hoping to help those students with financial problems.发表看法I am really moved and inspired by her kindness.She herself lived a simple or rather poor life but she was so generous to the people in need of help.She showed special concern for the college students and attached much importance to educatio
5、n.She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting.影响学生In my opinion,those who have received her donation will be encouraged to study even harder and try their best to achieve success.With this experience,they will certainly prefer to help others in future just like the laundrywoman has d
6、one.Then the world will be a beautiful one filled with kindness and love.影响自己If I have the chance to donate,I will also help the students with financial problems,for I know they are the future of the world.As long as there is kindness and virtue,the world will become more beautiful.完成句子1他不仅对科学感兴趣，而且
7、也极具音乐天赋。Not only is he interested in science,but he also has a gift for music.2他是如此努力地工作，以至于他几乎把所有的时间都献给了我们的人类事业。So hard does he work that he devotes almost all his time to our human cause.句型转换1把句画线部分改为分词Given the chance to donate,Ill also help the students.基础知识梳理基础知识梳理.单词速记A识记单词1_(adj.)慷慨的；大方的2_(n.
8、)舞台；阶段；时期3_(vt.&vi.)投票；选举(n.)投票；选票；表决4_(vt.)进攻；攻击；抨击5_(vi.)逃脱；逃走；泄露6_(n.)意见；看法；主张generousstagevoteattackescapeopinionB联想串记7_(n.)质量；品质；性质_(形似词，n.)数量，量8_(adj.)积极的；活跃的_(adv.)积极地；活跃地_(n.)活动9_(vt.)献身；专心于_(adj.)忠实的；深爱的_(n.)关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚10_(adj.)和平的；平静的；安宁的_(adv.)和平地_(n.)和平；平静；和睦qualityquantityactiveactively
9、activitydevotedevoteddevotionpeacefulpeacefullypeace11_(adj.)法律的；依照法律的_(反义词，adj.)非法的，违法的12_(n.)暴力；暴行_(adj.)暴力的，猛烈的13_(adj.)相等的；平等的_(n.)平等；相等_(adv.)同样地；相等地；公平地legalillegalviolenceviolentequalequalityequally14_(vt.)教育；训练_(adj.)受过教育的；有教养的_(n.)教育_(n.)教育工作者，教育家15_(vi.)请求；乞求_(n.)乞丐16 _(n.)报 酬；奖 金(vt.)酬 劳；
10、奖 赏_(adj.)值得的；有益的；有回报的educateeducatededucationeducatorbegbeggarrewardrewarding.短语互译1在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 _2求助于；致力于 _3当权；上台 _4被判处(徒刑)_5out of work _6as a matter of fact _7blow up _8be willing to do sth._9lose heart _10set up _in troubleturn tocome to powerbe sentenced to失业事实上使充气；爆炸愿意做某事丧失勇气或信心设立；建立.典句析练
11、1关系副词when引导的定语从句However,_(这是一个的时期)one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.【仿写】你还记得我们第一次见面的那个下午吗？Do you remember the afternoon _？2关系副词where引导的定语从句Until today we have reached _(的阶段)we have almost no rights at all.【仿写】他们最小的孩子到了能说个别字词的阶段了。Their youngest child _ he can say individual words
12、.3only引导的倒装句_(直 到 那 时 我 们 才 决 定)answer violence with violence.【仿写】只有当他们失去自由时，他们才懂得它的价值。_.4the first time引导的时间状语从句I felt bad _(我第一次跟一个小组谈论时)【仿写】他们第一次游览科技馆的时候，就对他们看到的所有事物产生了很大的兴趣。_，they showed great interest in everything they saw.答案：1.this was a time when;when we first met2a stage where；has reached a
13、 stage where3Only then did we decide to;Only when they lost freedom did they know its value4the first time I talked to a group;The first time they visited the Science Museum.课文缩写语法填空Do you know the former president of South Africa，Nelson Mandela?He fought_1_ the black people and was _2_ prison for t
14、hirty years.He helped the black people to get equal rights as the white people.Elias was a student in a school.Because his family couldnt afford _3_(pay)the school fees,he had to drop out of school.Then he found a job in a gold mine and he was worried whether he would be _4_ of work.It was during th
15、is difficult period of time _5_ he met Nelson Mandela for the first time,who had opened a law firm _6_(advise)poor black people on their problems.At that time,black people had no right _7_(vote)and their life was decided by the whites.Nelson Mandela said to Elias that they were put in a position_8_
16、they had either to accept they were less important，or fight the government.So he decided to use _9_(violent).Though Elias didnt like violence，he helped Nelson Mandela blow _10_ government buildings.He knew it was dangerous to do it,but he also knew it was to realize their dream of making black and w
17、hite people equal.答案：1.for2.in3.to pay4.out5.that6.to advise7to vote8.where9.violence10.up 考点探究演练考点探究演练 1quality n质量；品质；性质；特点He often says that _ is much more important than _.We find the good _ of a successful businessman in him.他经常说质量远比数量更重要。我们在他身上发现了一个成功商人应具备的所有好的品质。答案：quality；quantity；qualities必
18、会high/good/top quality 高质量poor/bad/low quality 质量差be of high quality 质量高2devote vt.献身；专心于教材原句A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(P33)伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。必会(1)devote oneself to 献身于；致力于devote.to.把奉献于；把专注于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的be devoted to.专心于；奉献于(3)devotion n关爱；关照；奉
19、献；忠诚名师点拨在短语devote.to中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：look forward to 期盼；get down to开始着手做；be/get used to 习惯于；be/get accustomed to 习惯于；lead to 导致；pay attention to 注意；object to 反对。Li Lei is my _ friend.Since graduation,he _ improving the education of the local people.In addition to teaching,he has _ a lot of t
20、ime _ raising money to build more schools.His _ to his work moves the people deeply.李磊是我最忠实的朋友。自毕业以来，他致力于改善当地人的教育水平。除教学外，他也投入了很多时间筹钱建校。他的无私奉献深深感动了人们。She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers.a_(改为现在分词短语作原因状语)b_(改为过去分词短语作原因状语)答案：devoted；ha
21、s devoted himself to；devoted；to；devotiona.Devoting herself to practicing for ten years,she became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers.bDevoted to practicing for ten years,she became one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers.3equal v等于；抵得上adj.相等的；胜任的n同等的人；相等物教材原句But I was happy to help be
22、cause I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(P34)但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。必会(1)be equal ton./doing sth.等于；与相等；有的能力；胜任A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bwithout equal无与伦比(2)equally adv.相同程度地；同样地Bill is quite _ _ _ the office.比尔有足够的能力管理这个部门。Mary is quite _ _ Bill
23、 in brains.玛丽和比尔的智力不相上下。This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.这一职位对新毕业生或有办公室经验的人同样适合。答案：equal to runningequal to4fee n费(会费、学费等)；酬金教材原句I had to leave because my family couldnt continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.(P34)我不得不离开，因为我的家庭
24、再也交不起学费和汽车费了。词语辨析fee主要指学校、私人教师、检查者，医生、律师等所收取的费用，也指报名费、会费等fare主要指车费、船费、乘客购票所付之费expense指日常消费所发生的费用，可指金钱、时间、精力等。如medical expense医疗费tip指付给服务人员的小费用fee，fare，expense和tip填空。The lawyers_was higher than we expected.Most restaurants now include the_in the price of the meal.I went there by boat at a reduced_.Ma
25、rriage and other_have made me poor.答案：feetipfareexpenses5escape v.&n逃脱；逃生；泄露教材原句It was a prison from which no one escaped.(P38)那是个无人逃走过的监狱。必会escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escape from从逃脱；逃避escape ones attention/notice逃过某人的注意a narrow escape九死一生If he thought he could by sitting at the back,he was wrong.如果他认为
26、坐在后排就不会引起注意，那么他就错了。Gas escaped from(out of)the tube.气体从管子里漏出。Last year I had a narrow escape,and I dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。Im sorry,but your name _ _.对不起，我忘记了你的名字。你逃过了处罚，真是幸运。(一句多译)a_b_答案：escape attentionescapes mea.You are lucky to escape punishment.bYou are lu
27、cky to escape being punished.6reward n.&v报答；报酬；奖赏教材原句They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.(P38)他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。必会(1)as a reward for(sth.)作为对(某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward(for.)作为(的
28、)报答；作为(的)奖励(2)reward sb.for.为酬谢某人reward sb.with sth.用某物酬谢某人(3)rewarding adj.值得做的_ _ _ passing the College Entrance Examinations,many students got iPads as presents.很多学生通过大学生考试后，得到了iPad作为礼物。They _ _ _ _ 5 _ bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。I find my job very rewarding in the harmoni
29、ous and hardworking environment here.在和谐和艰苦的环境中我觉得我的工作值得做。Good is rewarded with good.善有善报。词语辨析名词动词award奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.reward报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for(doing)sth.用reward，award填空aIs this how you _ me for my help?bShe _ _ the b
30、est actress of 2013 for her perfect performance in the film.答案：As a reward forrewarded the boy with；fora.rewardbwas awarded1out of work失业(out of a job)教材原句Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there,and I worried about whether I would become out of work.(P34)可悲的是我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心会失业。
31、必会at work 在工作；起作用out of repair 失修out of order 有毛病out of control 失控方法规律“失业”有三种表达形式：out of work(work不可数)，out of a job(job可数名词)，lose ones job。前二者为处于“失业”的状态，lose ones job为结束性短语，是终止性动词。We have to use the stairs because the lift is _ _ _.电梯出故障了，我们不得不爬楼。Mike is unhappy now,for he has _ _ _ _ for two weeks.
32、迈克现在不高兴，因为他已经失业两周了。答案：out of orderbeen out of work2in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中教材原句Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.(P34)伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见曼德拉。必会get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦have trouble in doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃take the trouble to do sth.不怕费事或困难尽力做某事Don
33、t copy my work or well both .不要抄我的作业，否则我们俩人都会有麻烦的。We must thank you for taking the trouble to cook us a meal.我们一定要感谢你费心为我们做饭。方法规律上述第二个例句可改为下列结构，这也是常考的一种变化形式：We must thank you for the trouble you took to cook us a meal.答案：get into trouble3turn to 求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向教材原句Why did Nelson Mandela turn to v
34、iolence to make black and white people equal？(P35)为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？Nobody seems to understand.I dont know who to turn to.似乎没人理解。我不知道该向谁求助。必会turn down 降低(力量、声音等)；拒绝；不接受turn up 开大(声音)；出场，露面turn out 结果是；被证明是(不能用被动语态)；生产turn in 上交；归还turn on 打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)turn over 考虑；翻过来；翻身turn away 转过脸去；不准(某人)进入某处I
35、t turned out to be sunny that morning.结果那天早上是个晴天。The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.如果他们提出的要求遭到拒绝，工人们将继续罢工。观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义。He was the one I always turned to for strength and security.()If you turn to page 40,you will find it.()More and more people turn to co
36、mputer science.()As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her,she smiled and told me not to lose faith.()You shouldnt always turn to the dictionary when you come across new words in reading.()答案：求助于翻到从事于；致力于转身查阅4lose heart丧失勇气或信心教材原句Never lose heart when you are in trouble.(P3
37、7)遇到困难时不要失去信心。必会lose ones heart to 倾心于；爱上learn.by heart 背诵；牢记put ones heart into 专心于heart and soul 全心全意地The boy has failed many times,but he does not lose heart.Now he has lost his heart to books and shows no interest in other things.他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。现在他爱上了读书，对别的事都不感兴趣了。易错提醒“失去信心”是lose heart，而且hear
38、t前无任何修饰成分，有的同学误认为是lose ones heart，大错特错。lose ones heart另有其意，见上表。What impressed us most was that they never _.令我们印象最为深刻的是：他们从不气馁。答案：lost heart5set up 设立；建立教材原句set up law office to help poor black people in Johnanneshurg(P39)设立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的穷苦黑人提供帮助We decided to _ _a fund for the Hope Project.我们决定为希望工程设
39、立一项基金。必会set about(doing)开始做set aside 把放在一边；省出，留出set down 写下；记下set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起set out(to do)出发，动身；开始，着手They _ _ planting trees as soon as they got to the bank.他们一到河岸就开始植树。Set_aside some time each day to read,even if it is only five minutes.每天都留出一点时间来读书，哪怕五分钟也行。答案：set upset about1Only修饰状语从句的倒装句教材
40、原句.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(P34)只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。句式分析only修饰状语(即副词、介词短语或状语从句)，为了强调而提到句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。Only then did I realize the importance of health.到那时我们才认识到健康的重要性。Only in Paris can you buy shoes like that.只有在巴黎你才能买到那样的鞋。方法规律only修饰的名词或代词位于
41、句首作主语时，句子不用倒装。如：Only a doctor can do it.只有医生才能这样做。易错提醒当only放在句首修饰一个从句时，从句的谓语不倒装，只倒装主句的谓语。Only after _ _ _we find out the truth.直到他回来后我们才知道真相。答案：he returned did2the first time引导的状语从句教材原句I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.(P38)我第一次向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。句式分析句中的the first time用作连词，引导时间
42、状语从句，意为“第一次时”。名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的还有：the moment/the minute/the instantas soon as一就each/every time 每次的时候next time 下次时any time 任何时候last time 上次时by the time 到为止有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是instantly，immediately，directly等，都相当于as soon as。He started _ _ he heard the report.他一听到报告就动身了。He paid back the money he owed
43、 us _ _ _ _.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。词语辨析the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”She became interested in the young teachers lesson the first time she attended his class.She was so excited in class for the first time.她第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣。她第一次上课这么兴奋。答案：the instantimmediately h
44、e returned home3stage/situation.(抽象地点)引导定语从句教材原句Until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.(P38)一直到今天，我们还处在几乎没有任何权利的阶段。句式分析当先行词是stage，case，point，position，situation等含有地点含义的抽象名词，且定语从句中缺少状语时，常用where/in which等引导定语从句。翻译句子。We have reached a stage where a change is needed._.I
45、t has put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job._.答案：我们到了必须做出变化的阶段了。这使我陷入了一种不能接受此工作的境地。单单 元元 语语 法法 定语从句()1Xiamen is regarded as a city _ traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle.答案：where考查定语从句。句意为：厦门被认为是一个传统文化和现代生活方式完美结合的城市。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a city，并在从句中作地点状语，
46、所以用关系副词where引导该定语从句。2They stood on the top of the high building,from _ they could see the whole city.答案：where考查定语从句。根据句意可知，从那个高楼的顶部能看见整个城市，此处from where相当于from on the top of the high building。3He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，_ he was later to marry.答案：whom/who考查定语从句。句意为：他是在20
47、08年Rachel的大学毕业典礼上认识她的，后来娶她为妻。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词为Rachel，在从句中作marry的宾语，故用whom/who引导。4The band was very successful in the seventies,most of _ members were in their twenties.答案：whose考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，故用whose。5In moments when youre feeling down，read what you wrote previously，_ will help
48、 uplift your spirits.答案：which考查定语从句。句意为：当你情绪低落的时候，读一读你先前写下的东西，这会帮助你情绪高昂。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。高考真题对接高考真题对接1(2014浙 江 改 编)Theres no reason to be disappointed._ a matter of fact,this could be rather amusing.答案：As句意：你没有理由失望。事实上，这可能会非常有趣。as a matter of factin fact事实上，实际上。2(2014湖南改编)Only when you ca
49、n find peace in your heart _ you _(keep)good relationships with others.答案：will；keep本题考查部分倒装结构。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中，时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart被only修饰，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒装结构。注意：如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语，则不能用倒装。如：only he was invited.只有他受到了邀请。3(2014福建改编)
50、Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.答案：where本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是community activities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：they can gain experience for growth(in)community activities由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引