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1、专项五 中考题型 重难点27 阅读理解之说明文英语说明文，顾名思义，就是一种以说明、解释为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。 说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who what when where how why。 1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. what：问的是主体做了什么
2、事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风
3、土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。再者不少省市包括比较偏僻地区中考语篇选择上内容都比较新颖，更不回避热点话题。典例解析（2022广西桂林统考中考真题）Chinas Twenty-four Solar Terms is considered to be the countrys fifth great invention. It has been added to UNESCOs List of Intangible Cultural Herita
4、ge (联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录). The Twenty-four Solar Terms was invented by ancient Chinese. At that time, most people were farmers. They had to learn about the movement of the sun in a year and do the farming accordingly. The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows the changes of climate, seasons and some biological
5、 phenomena (生物现象). For example, Rain Water is between February 18th and February 20th. When it comes, the temperature goes up, snow melts and there will be more and more rain. Start of Spring, Start of Summer, Start of Autumn and Start of Winter are openings of the four seasons. Awakening of Insects
6、 is between arch 5th and March 6th. During this period, many living things come out after a long winter of silence. The Twenty-four Solar Terms shows ancient Chinese peoples wisdom. Now it is added to UNESCOs heritage list. This means that it is accepted and will be accepted by more and more people
7、in the world. 根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。1Why did ancient Chinese invent the Twenty-four Solar Terms?ABecause they wanted to tell the differences of four seasons.BBecause they wanted to learn something about the sun.CBecause they wanted to help them do the farming.DBecause most of them were farmers.2When is Rain
8、 Water?AIt is between February 18th and March 20th.BIt is between February 18th and February 20th.CIt is between March 5th and March 6th.DIt is between March 18th and March 20th.3What happens when Awakening of Insects comes?ASummer begins.BThe temperature goes down.CThere will be more and more snow.
9、DThe snake comes out after a long winter sleep.4How many solar terms are mentioned in the article?ATwo solar terms are mentioned.BFour solar terms are mentioned.CFive solar terms are mentioned.DSix solar terms are mentioned.5According to the passage, which of the following is Not True?AThe Twenty-fo
10、ur Solar Terms shows that ancient Chinese people were wise.BThe Twenty-four Solar Terms is one of the four great inventions.CThe Twenty-four Solar Terms is added to UNESCOs heritage list.DThe Twenty-four Solar Terms is accepted in the world.【短文大意】本文介绍了中国的24节气被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产，它是中国人发明的，现在已经被世界上越来越多的
11、人接受。【答案解析】1细节理解题。根据“The Twenty-four Solar Terms was invented by ancient Chinese. At that time, most people were farmers. They had to learn about the movement of the sun in a year and do the farming accordingly. ”可知，古代人发明24节气是为了了解太阳在一年内的运动规律，并据此进行耕作。故选C。2细节理解题。根据“Rain Water is between February 18th a
12、nd February 20th. ”可知，雨水是在2月18日到2月20日之间。故选B。3细节理解题。根据“Awakening of Insects is between arch 5th and March 6th. During this period, many living things come out after a long winter of silence.”可知，惊蛰节在三月五日到三月六日之间。在这段时间里，许多生物在漫长的沉默冬天之后出来了。故选D。4细节理解题。通读全文，文中提到了“ Rain Water（雨水）”、“Start of Spring（立春）, Start
13、 of Summer（立夏）, Start of Autumn（立秋） and Start of Winter（立冬）”、“Awakening of Insects（惊蛰）”可知，一共提到了6个节气。故选D。5细节理解题。根据“Chinas Twenty-four Solar Terms is considered to be the countrys fifth great invention. ”可知，二十四节气被认为是中国的第五大发明，而不是四大发明之一，故选B。（2022甘肃甘南统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。A new study found
14、 that lots of kids hate school. Usually this kind of feeling doesnt last long. But what will happen if you feel this way too much? School is a fact of life and getting a good education can help you build the kind of future life you want. So lets talk about school and what to do when you dont like it
15、.If you dont like school, the first step is to find out why. You might not like school because you dont have enough friends, or maybe you are not good with your teachers. Sometimes theres a big problem with your schoolwork. Too many subjects and too much homework make you worried. You may be getting
16、 farther and farther behind, and it may seem like youll never catch up.When you know why you dont like school, you can start taking steps to make things better. Its a good idea to talk to someone about your problems with school. Remember, your mum, dad or teachers can always help you. Another good i
17、dea is to write down your feelings about school in a notebook. Its a great way to let out emotions（情绪）. Remember, you dont have to share what youve written with others.1From the first paragraph, we can know _.Aall the students hate schoolBthere are some ways to help these students who hate schoolCif
18、 a student hates school, he will never like it2According to the passage, who can help the students when they have problems with school?ATheir friends.BTheir teachers.CTheir classmates.3What do the underlined words “catch up” mean?A弥补B赶上C纠缠4What does the writers opinion on getting a good education?AI
19、t can help students make more friends.BIt can make the parents happy.CIt can help students build the kind of future life they want.5If students hate school, what can they do to solve the problem?AWrite down their feelings.BShare what theyve written with others.CKeep the problem to themselves.【短文大意】本
20、文主要介绍了学生厌学的原因，并就如何解决这个问题提出了建议。【答案解析】1推理判断题。根据“So lets talk about school and what to do when you dont like it.”可知，这篇文章要谈谈如果你不喜欢学校的话，可以做些什么，也就是说，有一些方法可以帮助那些厌学的学生。故选B。2细节理解题。根据“Remember, your mum, dad or teachers can always help you.”可知，老师能帮助那些学业上有困难的学生。故选B。3词句猜测题。根据“You may be getting farther and fart
21、her behind, and it may seem like youll never catch up.”可知，你可能会越来越落后，看起来好像你永远都赶不上。说明catch up意为“赶上”。故选B。4细节理解题。根据“School is a fact of life and getting a good education can help you build the kind of future life you want.”可知，作者认为，学校是生活的一个事实，接受良好的教育可以帮助学生打造他们想要的未来生活。故选C。5细节理解题。根据“Another good idea is to
22、 write down your feelings about school in a notebook.”可知，如果学生厌学，可以把他们关于学校的感觉记在笔记本里。故选A。（2022甘肃甘南统考中考真题）Bing Dwen DwenShuey Rhon RhonHello, my friends! Nice to meet you! My name is Bing Dwen Dwen. Im the mascot(吉祥物) of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Im a black and white panda. I have big eyes
23、, a small nose and a small mouth. My arms and legs are short. What is it on my left hand? Haha, it is a heart pattern(心形图案) to welcome friends all over the world to come to China.Who is that? It is my good friend, Shuey Rhon Rhon. It is the mascot of the Paralympic Winter Games(冬残奥会). It looks like
24、a red lantern. It has two small eyes. Its arms and legs are short, too. We are very cute.6Shuey Rhon Rhon is the mascot of _.Athe 2022 Winter Olympic GamesBthe 2022 Paralympic Winter GamesCthe Olympic and Paralympic Winter Olympic Games7What does Bing Dwen Dwen look like?AA panda.BA mascot.CA red la
25、ntern.8What color is Shuey Rhon Rhon?AGreen.BBlack and white.CRed.9Where is the heart pattern?AIt is on Bing Dwen Dwens left hand.BIt is on Bing Dwen Dwens right hand.CIt is on Bing Dwen Dwens back.10What means to welcome friends all over the world to come to China?ABing Dwen Dwen.BThe heart pattern
26、.CShuey Rhon Rhon.【短文大意】本文介绍了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物冰墩墩和残奥会吉祥物雪容融。【答案解析】6细节理解题。根据“Shuey Rhon Rhon. It is the mascot of the Paralympic Winter Games(冬残奥会).”可知雪容融是冬残奥会的吉祥物。故选B。7细节理解题。根据“Im a black and white panda”可知冰墩墩像一个熊猫。故选A。8细节理解题。根据“It looks like a red lantern”可知雪容融是红色的，故选C。9细节理解题。根据“What is it on my left
27、hand? Haha, it is a heart pattern(心形图案)”可知心形图案在冰墩墩的左手。故选A。10细节理解题。根据“it is a heart pattern(心形图案) to welcome friends all over the world to come to China.”可知这是一个欢迎世界各地朋友来中国的心形图案。故选B。（2022内蒙古中考真题）In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink tones are called the Four Treasures of Study. Among th
28、e high-quality treasures, the writing brush produced in Huizhou, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, the xuan paper made in Xuancheng and the ink stone made in Duanxi are the best-known.The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries(陶器). They are mainly made of the hair of
29、animals. Those made of wool are called yanghao and those made of the weasels(鼬) tail hair are called langhao. Their artistic effects in writing and painting cannot be copied by any other pens.The ink stick is the pigment used in writing and painting. The ink stick produced in Huizhou is of high qual
30、ity. A story goes like this: Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality ink stick. As a result, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name “Li”. From then on, the fame of the Li Ink Stick was widespread. In the Song Dynasty, its
31、 producing area was changed into Huizhou, and it was then called the Hui Ink Stick.Paper is among the four great inventions in ancient China. The famous xuan paper appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties. In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province where the xuan paper is produced, its said that Cai Luns pupil Kong
32、Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later he happened to see the ebony(黑檀) in the rivers. It was wet with the water and turned white. Then he used the bark to produce the world-famous xuan paper.The ink stone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Mi
33、ng and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones-Duan Ink Stone. She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone. They can not only be used in writing and painting but also for admiration.11What are the writing brushes mainly made of?AThe pigment.BThe animals tails.CThe bark
34、.DThe hair of animals.12Why did Xi Chao and his son get the family name from the Emperor Li Yu?ABecause they produced a kind of high-quality ink stick.BBecause the fame of the ink stick was widespread.CBecause its producing area was changed into Huizhou.DBecause Xi Chao was the relative of the Emper
35、or Li Yu.13How did Kong Dan find the way to make the famous xuan paper by accident?AHe took the job of producing paper.BHe appeared in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province.CHe happened to see the ebony in the rivers and used the bark to produce the famous ruan paper.DHe was Cai Luns pupil at that time.14When di
36、d the Four Famous Ink Stones appear?AThe Ming and Qing dynasties.BThe Han Dynasty.CThe Sui and Tang dynasties.DThe Song Dynasty.15Whats the best title for the passage?AThe History of PotteriesBThe History of the Four Treasures of StudyCThe History of the Four Famous Ink StonesDThe History of Xuan Pa
37、per【短文大意】本文主要讲了文房四宝，具体对文房四宝进行介绍。【答案解析】11细节理解题。根据“The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries(陶器). They are mainly made of the hair of animals.”可知，它们主要是由动物的毛发制成的，故选D。12细节理解题。根据“wo famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality ink stick. As a resu
38、lt, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name Li.” 可知，奚超父子制出了质量非常高的墨，南唐皇帝李煜赏赐了他们家国姓“李”，故选A。13细节理解题。根据“Later he happened to see the ebony(黑檀) in the rivers. It was wet with the water and turned white. Then he used the bark to produce the world-famous xuan pape
39、r.”可知，他偶然在河里看到乌木，就用乌木树皮制成了著名的宣纸，故选C。14细节理解题。根据“The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones-Duan Ink Stone. She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone.”可知，明清时期出现了四大名砚台，故选A。15最佳标题题。根据“In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink tones are called the Fou
40、r Treasures of Study.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是对文房四宝进行介绍，故选B。（2022湖北荆门统考中考真题）Founded in 1987 in Shenzhen, Huawei is a leading provider of information and communications technology(ICT) around the world. With more than 195,000 workers, the company runs in more than 170 countries and areas, serving more than th
41、ree billion people. As we all know, there are two operating systems(操作系统) used in smartphones, Android OS and iOS. For a very long time, most of the smartphones have been depending on Android OS, including Huaweis smartphones. Now things are changing. Huawei has been creating its own operating syste
42、mHarmonyOS or Hongmeng in Chinese. Hongmeng is a word from the Chinese mythology(神话), symbolizing(象征) the world before HarmonyOS was created. So it means starting from the very beginning. First known to the public in 2019, HarmonyOS is an operating system for different devices(设备). It has already be
43、en used in Huawei watches, laptops and so on over the years. In December 2020, a beta version(测试版) of HarmonyOS for smartphones came out. Half a year later in June 2021, Huawei launched its selfdeveloped HarmonyOS for smartphones. Chinese tech lovers have long been looking forward to the operating s
44、ystem developed by ourselves. Industries including tourism, education, home devices and sports have also welcomed HarmonyOS. At present, Huawei encourages people to test the system. The company expects the number of devices using HarmonyOS to reach 300 million by the end of the year. Its hoped that
45、HarmonyOS will be a great mobile ecosystem. 16What can we learn from the first paragraph?AHuawei has a history of 45 years. BThere are 170,000 workers in Huawei. CHuawei was started in the capital city of China. DOver three billion people are using Huawei products. 17What does the underlined word “i
46、t” in Paragraph 2 refer to(指的是)?AThe world. BiOS. CAndroid OS. DHarmonyOS. 18Paragraph 3 mainly talks about _. Athe development of HarmonyOSBthe efforts made by the companyCthe difficulty in developing the systemDthe reasons for developing the system19Whats the best title of the passage?AThe History
47、 of Huawei. BHuawei and Its HarmonyOS. CHarmonyOS for Smartphones. DDifferent Kinds of Operating Systems. 【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司自主研发的鸿蒙系统。【答案解析】16细节理解题。根据“With more than 195,000 workers, the company runs in more than 170 countries and areas, serving more than three billion people.”可知，华为公司拥有19.5万多名员工，业务遍及170多个国家和地区，为30多亿人提供服务。故选D。17推理判断题。根据“Hongmeng is a word from the Chinese mythology(神话), symbolizing(象征) the world before HarmonyOS was created. So it means starting from the very beginning.”可知，鸿蒙是中国神话中的一个词，象征着鸿蒙系统创建之前的世界，所以这意味着从头开始。此处it指的是“鸿蒙系统”。故选D。18段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段介